Rendering and contrast are often involved in poetry appreciation. Rendering aims to highlight the image and express the center through the description, description and modification of the environment, character behavior and psychology. Contrast deliberately avoids positive description, but deliberately depicts it from the side, so that the people, things and things to be expressed stand out clearly and receive the artistic effect of "seeing the moon through the clouds" These are two different expressions, but they are often confused.
So, how to grasp the difference between rendering and contrast?
First look at the positive description or the introduction description.
Rendering belongs to frontal description and contrast belongs to profile description, which is their most essential difference.
(1) In the sharp wind from the vast sky, apes are sobbing and birds are flying home on the clear lake and white sand beach. The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably. Li in the sad autumn scenery, a wanderer all the year round, lives alone on the high platform in today's illness. After all the hardships and hatred, the white hair is full, and the wine glasses are damaged. (Du Fu's Ascending the Mountain)
The first couplet, "The sky is high and the wind is urgent, the apes crow and the birds return, and the lake is clear and the sand is white", which is about the experience of climbing mountains. The sky is crisp, the wind is hunting, apes wail in the gorge, and rivers and lakes are surrounded by clear water. In the background of clear water and white sand, birds fly in the wind. It is not difficult to see that the descriptions of strong winds, high sky, whistling apes, bamboo, white sand and birds are all positive descriptions of bleak autumn through six close-ups in the poem. Such a positive description is rendering.
(2) When the Monkey King saw Luo Fu, he shouldered a moustache. When the teenager saw Luo Fu, he took off his hat and hung his head. The tiller forgets to plow, and the hoe forgets to hoe. In spite of resentment, he sat watching Luo Fu. ("Shang Mo Sang" Han Yuefu)
Seeing the beautiful Luo Fu, the walker "shouldered his moustache", the teenager "took off his hat and put on his hoe", and the cultivator stopped his farm work. You can imagine the beauty of Luo Fu. There is no direct description of the beauty of Luo Fu here, but the beauty of Luo Fu has been strongly expressed through the reactions of pedestrians, teenagers and plowmen. For the beauty of Luo Fu, the reaction of people like Walker is obviously profile description, which is what we call foil.
Second, see if the bracket and the main body belong to each other.
Rendering and contrast express the center through concrete description. If the concrete description in the rendering foil is in front of the bracket, then the center to be expressed is the subject. In rendering and contrast, the relationship between the bracket and the subject is different.
(3) The river birds are too white and the mountains are blue and white. I watched it again this spring. When is the year of return? (Du Fu's quatrains)
The first two sentences use "Jiangbi", "Bird White", "Mountain Blue" and "Bonus" to render pleasant scenery and express pleasant mood. Here, "Jiangbi", "Bird White", "Mountain Blue" and "Bonus" are all concrete manifestations of pleasant scenery. Although they are independent, they all belong to "pleasant scenery". Thus, in rendering, the relationship between support (describing objects) and subject (expressing things) is actually a subordinate relationship. Support is the concrete expression of the subject, and the subject is the abstract generalization of support. Looking back at (1), we can see that "Fengchong", "Tiangao", "Ape Whistling", "Zhu Qing", "Baisha" and "Bird" are actually a kind of subordinate relationship to eliminate the bleak autumn, such as "Fengchong", "Tiangao", "Ape Whistling" and "Zhu Qing".
(4) I was so surprised that my pillow was cold and the window was bright and clean. It's late at night until it snows heavily, because you can hear the sound of bamboo branches breaking from time to time. (Bai Juyi's Snow at Night)
Write the cold pillow first, then the window, then the sound of bamboo folding, and even set off the night snow from three aspects. It is supported by "the cold of the pillow", "the light of the window" and "the sound of bamboo folding", and the main body is the night snow. Different from rendering, foil and subject are neither similar nor subordinate to each other, but independent individuals. Look back at example (2). Parentheses are the reactions of pedestrians, teenagers and others, and the main body is the beauty of Luo Fu. Parentheses can reflect the subject, but they are not the concrete expression of the subject. Parentheses and subjects are not subordinate to each other.
Rendering and contrast are two different ways of expression. To understand them correctly, we should also correctly grasp their relativity.
First, in a description, the understanding of the subject is different, and the understanding of the expression is also different.
Wei said to Zhou Li in Rain at Parting Night: "Is it raining all the way to Chu? The bell in the evening came to us from Nanjing. The rain is heavy, the sky is not right, and the birds fly slowly. The Yangtze River flows into the distance of the Yangtze River, and the trees are full of rain. Similarly, because of our great love, there is a waterline on our face. " Zhuan Xu and Neck Lotus describe "heavy sails", "late birds", "sky ash" and "distant trees", but they don't mention rain at all, but they make us feel that it is drizzle falling on sails, feathers, the sky and trees. The objects described here, such as sail, bird, sky and distance, are not individual and general, but profile descriptions, and their expression methods are obviously contrast rather than rendering. However, there can be another analysis. The poet wants to show the rain scene, and heavy sails, late birds, gray sky and trees in the distance are all close-ups of the rain scene. The poet expressed the rain scene in a colorful way through the rain scene, which is a positive description and undoubtedly a rendering. This is not a misunderstanding of the differences formed by concepts, but a different conclusion formed by different understandings of what is to be expressed.
Second, the same work has different expression techniques from different analytical angles.
Du Fu's quatrains: "Two orioles sing green willows, and a row of egrets go up to the sky. The window contains autumn snow in Xiling, and the Wu Dong Wan Li boat stops at the door. " Newly sprouted willow branches, paired orioles, free egrets and a blue sky are fresh and bright, forming a beautiful picture. For the pleasing beauty, oriole, green willow, egret and blue sky are all positive descriptions, and the expression is obviously rendering. But what does the author show this beauty for? It turns out that color rendering can convey happy emotions and also reflect homesickness and sadness. For emotion, the beautiful scenery is a profile description, which is undoubtedly a foil. Du Fu's quatrains, "The birds in the river are too white, and the mountains are blue and white. I saw it again this spring. When is the year of return? " Thick and colorful writing is a pleasing scenery, not a rendering, but this pleasing scene paves the way for writing a text to arouse wandering sadness and is another foil. First rendering, then contrast, local rendering, global contrast, rendering is the means, contrast is the purpose, and the purpose of contrast is achieved through rendering. This phenomenon is very common in poems expressing emotion by borrowing scenery.