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The surname Mu is a surname with a long history in our country. There have been numerous celebrities in history who have made great contributions to the development of the Chinese nation. Ranked 98th in "Family Surname" and 230th in today's population statistics.
The surname Mu is an earlier surname in our country. The ancestors of the Mu family can be traced back to Weizi in the late Shang Dynasty. Weizi Qi was the son of Emperor Yi of the Shang Dynasty. He was very concerned about state affairs, but Unaccepted by King Zhou, Wei Zi reluctantly left King Zhou. After King Wu of Zhou raised troops to attack and destroy the Shang Dynasty, he restored Wei Ziguan to his post. In order to continue the descendants of the Yin and Shang Dynasties, the Zhou Dynasty granted Weizi to the Song Dynasty (which governed today's eastern Henan Province and some places at the junction of Shandong, Jiangsu and Anhui), and made Shangqiu the capital (today's Suiyang District, Shangqiu City). From then on, Weizi's Descendants began to multiply in Song Dynasty. When it came to Song Xuangong, he did not pass the ruling power to his son Yu Yi, but to his younger brother "He", who was Song Mugong. After the death of Song Mugong, the officials supported Yu Yi (son of Song Xuangong) according to his last wish. ) is Song Shang Gong. Duke Mu of the Song Dynasty was praised by the people for this, and he was given the posthumous title "Mu" after his death. The descendants of Duke Mu of the Song Dynasty were proud of this, and some took "Mu" as their surname. This was the earliest origin of the surname Mu. The Song Dynasty is the descendant of the Yin and Shang nobles, so the surname Mu originated from the surname of the Yin and Shang royal family.
Since its birth, the Mu surname has continued to develop and grow in the long history of history, and people of all ethnic groups and surnames have continued to join in. According to the "Book of Wei·Guanshi Zhi", during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Qiu Muling family of the Xianbei tribe of the Northern Wei Dynasty followed Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty to the south and settled in Luoyang. They changed their surname to the Han surname "Mu" and became an important branch of the Mu family; the Northern Qi Dynasty Mutipo's original surname was Luo. After he followed his mother into the palace, he was very favored by the emperor at that time. Because the queen's surname was Mu, he took the queen's surname and changed his surname to Mu. Mutipo once served as a servant, Shangshu Zuopushe, a leading general, and was named the King of Chengyang County; the Chinese translations of many sutra names in *** have the word "Mu" or "wood", and these sutra names later became Many changed their surname to Mu; during the Song Dynasty, some Jews who settled in China were given the surname Mu; when foreigners came to China and gave Chinese names, they took Mu as the surname. For example, the Polish astronomer Nicolas Smogolenski (1611-1656) took his name after coming to China in 1646. Munige, whose given name is Rude (some scholars believe that he was the first to introduce Copernicus' heliocentric theory of earth motion to China); after the Manchus took over the Central Plains, many Manchu bannermen also simplified their surnames to Mu; the Persian Zoroastrianism began to be introduced into China through the Silk Road in the early 6th century AD. Zoroastrianism was called Zoroastrianism in historical records after the Sui and Tang Dynasties. During the Tang Dynasty, Zoroastrian priests were called "Muhu". , some priests took Mu as their surname.
The migration of the Mu family began in the Spring and Autumn Period. In 609 BC, civil strife broke out in the Song Dynasty. Some families with the surname Mu were forced to flee the Song Dynasty and went into exile. From then on, the Mu surname began to migrate and multiply throughout the country. Later, there were people from the Mu family in Chu and Lu. For example, King Liu Jiao of Chu Yuan, the younger brother of Han Emperor Liu Bang, had a classmate named Mu, known as Mu Sheng in history. He had been serving as a high official in Chu State and was highly regarded by Liu Jiao. This shows that in the late Qin and early Han Dynasties, the surname Mu had already Moved from the Central Plains to East China. Of course, there are also many descendants of Mushengs who have multiplied in the Central Plains. The "Xuchang County Chronicle" of the Republic of China records that the descendants of Mushengs in the Han Dynasty are scattered in various townships in Xuchang. During the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Mu family began another migration peak. The Mu surname of the Northern Wei Dynasty was changed from the original Qiu Muling surname to the Mu surname during the reform period of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty. However, the migration of the Mu surname during the Northern Wei Dynasty cannot only be counted from the reform period of Emperor Xiaowen. Because the Qiu Muling family was a common surname in the Northern Wei Dynasty, people of this clan had been following the Northern Wei royal family in their conquests in the east and west. Therefore, there were countless people in the family who held high positions. By the time of Emperor Xiaowen's reforms in the Northern Wei Dynasty, people from the Qiu Muling family had already done military work in many places. Therefore, after Qiu Muling's surname was changed to Mu, the surname Mu also spread throughout the territory under the jurisdiction of the Northern Wei Dynasty. For example, Mu Chong once served as the governor of Yuzhou (the seat of governance is now Runan County, Henan Province), and Mu Zhen served as Zhennan General, governor of Luozhou (the seat of the government is Luoyang County, northeast of today's Luoyang City, Henan Province), envoy Chijie, general of Zhenbei, and governor of Dingzhou. Later he was renamed Fengyi County (the seat of the government is Linjin, today's Dali County, Shaanxi Province) ) was the founding marquis of the country, with a settlement of 500 households; after the Northern Wei Dynasty, Mu Yingti was appointed as the governor of Xiangzhou; Mu Zunji was appointed as the prefect of Dongjun (the administrative seat is east of Huaxian County, Henan Province today). Mu Zunji's son Mujia, in the early years of the Tang Dynasty He served as the governor of Yinzhou (the seat of governance is now Huojia, Henan Province). He was the grandson of Muga. Mu Guli served as the governor of Chuozhou. His descendants later moved to Huaizhou and Hanoi (now Qinyang, Henan Province). Famous figures include Mu Ning There were five fathers and sons, and later Mu Ning's grandson Mu Qiwu served as governor and prefect of Sizhou (the administrative seat was Linhuai, on the west bank of the Huai River in the northwest of Xuyi County, Jiangsu Province today). After the Tang Dynasty, some people with the Mu surname in Hanoi have migrated to other provinces. In the Northern Song Dynasty, an outstanding figure like Mu Xiu appeared in the Mu family. He was not influenced by the elegant style of writing after the founding of the Northern Song Dynasty, and vigorously promoted ancient prose. The literary masters of the Song Dynasty, such as Su Shunqin and Ouyang Xiu, all unanimously affirmed his contribution to the creation of the ancient prose movement in the Song Dynasty. , "History of the Song Dynasty" said that although Mu Xiu died of poverty, when the scholar-bureaucrats at that time talked about people who wrote good articles, they would definitely mention Mu joining the army. After the Song Dynasty, the migration scope of the Mu surname became wider, until it spread all over the country and went to the world.
Since the birth of the Mu surname, talents have emerged in large numbers in the past generations, making great contributions to the development of the Chinese nation and mankind
Finally, let’s mention the legendary Yang family female general Mu Guiying. According to historical data The record should be a fictional character, haha
Historical celebrities
Mu Xiu: A native of the Song Dynasty, he was born as a Jinshi during the Dazhong Xiangfu period. He has a tough personality and often gets into red-faced arguments with his friends over academic issues. Yingzhou Literature, a tired official, joined the army. Scholars at that time were all engaged in the study of rhythm, but he was the only one who was enthusiastic about ancient prose. Because of his outstanding research achievements, he was highly praised by the great writer Ouyang Xiu at the time. He is the author of "Collected Works of Mu Canjun".
Mu Ning: A native of the Tang Dynasty, he was an official, secretary and supervisor. He has an upright personality and is law-abiding. After he passed the imperial examination in the Ming Dynasty, when he was transferred to Yanshan Wei, Anlu Mountain rebelled, and he united all the states and counties to defend it. Mu Ning's family education was very strict, and he made his sons familiar with etiquette from an early age, and required their children not to be disrespectful in their words and deeds. Both he and Han Xiu were famous for their strict tutoring, so there was an idiom to describe those with tutors who were called "Han Mu's Second Sect".
Prime Minister Mu: Yishui Order of Ming Dynasty. Jinshi during the Zhengde period. "Six Matters" in foreign books (referring to the six items obtained from the examination of local officials' political achievements: one is the expansion of fields, the second is the increase in openings, the third is the leveling of taxes and levies, the fourth is the cessation of thieves, the fifth is peace between the army and the people, and the sixth is Litigation Briefs.), The content is "Four Knowledges" (an allusion to Yang Zhen's refusal of bribes in the later Han Dynasty: Changyi ordered Wang Mi to be pregnant with ten gold coins to bribe Zhen at night. Zhen said: "My old friend knows you, but you don't know your old friend. Why?" Mi said: "Those who are ignorant at night are ignorant. Zhen said: "Heaven knows, God knows, I know, Zi knows, what is ignorance?" He resisted and remonstrated directly, and was known as the "True Censor".
Mu Tipo: The son of Lu Lingxuan, whose real surname was Luo. Because her mother was the wet nurse of the Queen of Qi, she was favored by Queen Mu Zhaoyi.
In addition, famous people with the surname Mu include the official Mu Sheng in the Han Dynasty, the minister Ling Mu Liang and the Sinong Qing Mu Zirong in the Northern Wei Dynasty, and the censor Zhongcheng Muzan, the poet Mu Ji, and the poet and painter Mu Zirong in the Tang Dynasty. For self-cultivation, there was the Neo-Confucian scholar Mu Konghui in the Ming Dynasty and the general Mu Zhan in the Qing Dynasty. According to the "Dai Family Tradition", Duke Mugong of Song Dynasty was the younger brother of Duke Dai of Song Dynasty. Therefore, the surname Mu and the surname Dai have the same origin.
Junwangtang No.
1. Junwang
Runan County: The county was established during the reign of Emperor Gao of the Han Dynasty. It is equivalent to the area south of central Henan Province and north of the Huaihe River in Anhui Province.
Henan County: The county was established during the reign of Emperor Gao of the Han Dynasty. It is equivalent to the current area of ??Luoyang City, Henan Province.
2. Hall number (missing)
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Common to ancestral halls with the surname Mu Couplet
〖Four-character universal couplet for the ancestral hall with the surname Mu〗
Six things in the external letter;
Four thousand in the internal letter.
——An anonymous couplet for the ancestral hall with the surname Mu
The whole couplet indicates that Mu Xiang of the Yishui Order in the Dynasty, named Boyin, was born in Sanyuan. Zhengde Jinshi, awarded Yishui Order. He wrote the "Six Matters" in the external book and the "Four Knowledges" in the internal book to encourage himself. He was famous for his political achievements and was promoted to the prison of Cai Yushi. He resisted and remonstrated directly, and was known as the "True Censor". The "six things" in the couplet refer to the notes on the performance of local officials: the first is the expansion of fields, the second is the increase in household registration, the third is the leveling of taxes and levies, the fourth is the interest in thieves, the fifth is peace between the army and the people, and the sixth is the lawsuit slips, (see " "History of the Jin Dynasty. Records of One Hundred Officials"). "Four Knowledges" is an allusion to Yang Zhen's refusal of bribery in the later Han Dynasty. "The Biography of Yang Zhen of the Later Han Dynasty": "Wang Mi was the magistrate of Changyi and paid an audience. At night, he carried ten kilograms of gold to leave the shock. Zhen said: 'My old friend knows you, but you don't know your old friend, why?' Mi said: 'You are ignorant at night. Zhen said: "Heaven knows, God knows, I know, Zi knows, what is ignorance?"
The five kings are hereditary;
The four sons became famous. .
——An anonymous couplet for the ancestral hall with the surname Mu
The first couplet guides Mu Chong, a man from the Northern Wei Dynasty in the Northern Dynasty, and he sent him back and forth when Emperor Tuobagui of Daowu lived in Dugu. After receiving supplies, he was valued from then on. After the establishment of the Northern Wei Dynasty, he participated in the war to unify the north. He rose to the rank of Taiwei and was granted the title of King of Yidu. His son Mu Guan, grandson Mu Shou, great-grandson Mu Pingguo, and great-great-grandson Mu Neng are hereditary kings of Yidu. Mu Guan, whose courtesy name was Ta'ba, was promoted to Taiwei during the reign of Emperor Yuan of the Ming Dynasty; Mu Shou was promoted to Shizhong and Zhongshujian during the reign of Emperor Taiwu. Xia Lian Dian refers to Mu Ning, a native of Hanoi in the Tang Dynasty. During the Anshi Rebellion, he served as an interview envoy to Hebei, and during the reign of Emperor Suzong, he was promoted to Secretary Supervisor. He once wrote a family order to teach his children, which was praised by others. His four sons, Muzan, Muzi, Muyuan and Mushang, all became famous. Muzan, with the courtesy name Xiangming, was an official during the reign of Emperor Xianzong, and served as an observation envoy to Xuanshe; Muzhi, during the Emperor Xianzong's reign, was an official in charge of Shizhong and the governor of Kaizhou; Muyuan, with the courtesy name Yuzhi, Gongwenci, served as an aide to Duya who stayed in the Eastern Capital. ; Mu Shang, official supervisory censor. They brothers all have great names and are peaceful and simple. At that time, some people compared them with delicious food: Muzan is like cheese, Muzan is like crispy food, Muzan is like glutinous rice wine, and Muzan is like curd.
Runan Shize;
The family reputation of training children.
——Anonymous Compilation of the Ancestral Hall with the Surname Mu
The Quanlian Dian refers to Mu Ning of the Tang Dynasty, who wrote the family order to teach the disciples.
Expedition to six provinces;
Be brave for a while.
——Anonymous Ancestral Coupon with the Surname Mu
The Shangliandian refers to the Qing Dynasty general Mu Zhan (?-1683), a native of Zhenghuang Banner in Manchuria. During the Shunzhi period, Zhuoluo and others from the capital were stationed in Yunnan, Huguang and other provinces to attack Wu Sangui. After Sangui died, he took Yun, Gui and besieged Kunming from Beizizhang Taigui. Sun Shifan of Sangui committed suicide, and Yunnan began to be peaceful. When the teacher returned, he was awarded the title of Commander-in-Chief of the Mongolian Zhenghuang Banner and Minister of Political Affairs. Xia Lian Dian refers to Mu Tou, the Minister of the Later Wei Dynasty, who served as the imperial minister and conquered Helianchang from Taiwu. He was brave enough for a while and worshiped as the supervisor. From Mount Guoshan in Taiwutian, a tiger protrudes, and I fight to capture it. Later, he conquered Bailong and others, and was promoted to the title of Jian'an Gong to worship the minister.
Wen Chuan Wanyan;
The family succeeded Qiulang.
——An anonymous couplet for the ancestral hall with the surname Mu
The upper couplet refers to Mu Xiunengwen in the Northern Song Dynasty, who inherited Liu Kai and respected Han and Liu. The second couplet refers to Tang Muning.
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〖Five-character Universal Couplet of the Ancestral Hall with the Surname Mu〗
More than 10,000 volumes of books requested ;
Resist the enemy for seven nights.
——An anonymous couplet for the ancestral hall with the surname Mu
The first couplet refers to Mu Zirong, Sinong Qing of the Later Wei Dynasty, who was rarely eager to learn and read everything. After writing records, more than ten thousand volumes were obtained. Wuding Zhongguan, the prefect of Jijun, and finally the minister of Nongqing. Xia Lian Dian refers to Mu Ru, Hubei Province in the Song Dynasty. When he was the captain of Hengyang County, the Yuan general Wu Liangha invaded the army. Ruti troops resisted the enemy for seven days and nights, and the city was completed. He was sent to Hubei to be punished.
The beauty of the country is accompanied by the wine;
The fragrance of the sky and the dyeing of clothes at night.
——An anonymous couplet for the ancestral hall with the surname Mu
The entire couplet is attributed to Mu Xiuji, a poet and painter of the Tang Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, peonies bloomed in the inner hall of the meeting. The emperor asked Xiuji: "Nowadays, peony poems are widely circulated in Beijing. Who was the first to publish it?" ." The emperor sighed.
Showing auspicious light and turning into Shun;
Expressing gratitude to Yao Cong.
——Composed by Mu Ji, a universal couplet for the ancestral hall with the surname Mu
This couplet is a couplet of poems from the Tang Dynasty poet Mu Ji's "Winter Solstice Zen Breeze Waits".
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〖Seven-character universal couplet of the ancestral hall with the surname Mu〗
Keep props and wealth opportunities Philosophy;
Being courteous and knowing others.
——Anonymous Compilation of the Ancestral Hall of the Surname Mu
The Quanlian canon contains the affairs of Mu Sheng, a high official in the Han Dynasty.
Written family mottos to promote ethics;
Written ancient prose to reverse the decline.
——An anonymous couplet for the ancestral hall with the surname Mu
The Shangliandian refers to Mu Ning, the captain of Yanshan Mountain in the Tang Dynasty, who tried to write family training for various scholars. First, Han Xiu taught his children and nephews to be strict. During the Zhenyuan period, those who taught family law were called Han and Mu. Xialiandian refers to Yingzhou literature in the Song Dynasty who joined the army and Mu Xiu. Yunzhou people. The courtesy name is Bo Chang. At that time, scholars were engaged in the rhythm of music, and Xiu Du was called it the ancient one.