A brief discussion of Zhu Ziqing's "Moonlight over the Lotus Pond" "Moonlight over the Lotus Pond" describes a fresh and beautiful scene. There is poetry, emotion, and profound artistic conception there. It contains the author's artistic achievements and painstaking efforts. The author's description of the scenery along the way is also a kind of lyricism. As the description of the scene unfolds, it forms an emotional level of alternating tranquility and restlessness. What flows through the boundless lotus fragrance and moonlight is the author's deep feelings. The author describes the scene based on his emotions and uses the scenery to set off the emotions, which not only makes the work have the beauty of painting, but also the beauty of taste. At the same time, the poetic language makes the whole picture have a three-dimensional sense and a sense of penetration. The use of metaphors and synaesthesia modification techniques can inspire readers to have broader and far-reaching imaginations and associations. Let readers start from their own life experiences and cultural literacy. To understand the ideological content and artistic realm of the work.
Keywords: Zhu Ziqing, "Moonlight over the Lotus Pond", metaphor, synaesthesia
"Moonlight over the Lotus Pond" is a well-known masterpiece of modern literature. Reading this prose, a fresh and beautiful scene immediately appeared before my eyes: fields of green leaves, blossoming lotus flowers, lingering fragrance, and melting moonlight, like a hazy dream and auspicious and ethereal singing. There are paintings, poems, emotions, and profound artistic conceptions there. However, the poetic and picturesque atmosphere contains the author's artistic achievements and painstaking efforts. Zhu Ziqing once said that writers should "describe the places that people ignore, so that you can also have a sense of surprise in the situations that you usually experience." The lotus pond is in the Tsinghua Garden. The author "walked through it every day" and it can be said to be a "normal experience". However, he felt it with a poet's sensitive touch. He not only observed it with wandering eyes, but also argued rigorously. He tasted it carefully, thus carefully describing the "amazing" "boundless lotus fragrance and moonlight". Below I will discuss this article from two aspects: thoughts, feelings and artistic style.
1. Thoughts and Emotions
The article begins with "I have been quite uneasy these days". The following is related to this uneasy mood: The road is secluded and lonely. ;The moonlight on the ground is faint, and the clouds in the sky are faint; "The trees are all gloomy"; Hearing the lively cicadas and frogs, I thought, "The excitement belongs to them, I have nothing"; I thought The grand occasion of the ancients picking lotuses made me sigh, "This makes me miss Jiangnan after all." I was dissatisfied with reality and had to return to reality. A touch of sadness enveloped the entire text. However, the author's feelings are complicated, and along with "a touch of sadness" there is also a "light joy". At the beginning of the text, "I suddenly remembered that the lotus pond I walked through every day must have looked different in the light of the full moon." It can be seen that the author wanted to get rid of melancholy and happily went to the lotus pond; along the path along the lotus pond, the past was gloomy. , "Tonight is very good." After some reflection, he felt that he was a "free person"; when he arrived at the lotus pond, he was truly free for a while, focusing on the beautiful scenery, and suddenly felt happy; from admiring the scenery And after thinking about it for thousands of years, I thought of the "lively season" and "romantic season" when the ancients picked lotus. It can be seen that "a touch of joy" also envelopes the entire text. It is the inner monologue in the third paragraph that directly and intensively expresses the author's thoughts and feelings. This long monologue is a transition from restlessness to the contentment of watching the moonlight over the lotus pond. It expresses the conflict between the author's inner world and the external world and his desire to get rid of the conflict. The author's mood, in such a beautiful environment as the lotus pond under the moon, expresses the aesthetic feelings of sadness and joy intertwined. In short, sorrow and joy go hand in hand: when you are in sorrow, you yearn for joy, and when you are in joy, you are affected by sorrow. They are two aspects of the changes in the author's ambivalence when viewing the scenery. But the fluctuations in my heart did not rise and fall sharply, but were suppressed, and the expression of emotions was restrained. So whether it is sadness or joy, it is "light". There have always been many different understandings of the theme of this article and the author's writing intention. Some people think that this article is a work of the author's affection for the landscape, expressing the cold and deep realm, expressing the desolate state of mind; some people think that this article is a lyrical work that borrows scenery to express the author's melancholy mood; some people think that it expresses the author's appreciation of the natural beauty of the lotus pond under the moon. , sticking to one's own small world, expressing a leisurely mood; some people think that it does not express the author's emotion of escaping from reality, but expresses the author's dissatisfaction with reality; some people think that it expresses dissatisfaction with the realization of darkness and yearning for a better life. There are so many of these.
2. Artistic style
Artistic style can be analyzed from three aspects: scene description, writing language, and modification techniques.
1. The description of the scenery is lifelike:
In the structure of the whole article, the author focuses on the moonlight in the lotus pond, mainly in the middle three paragraphs (paragraphs 4, 5, and 6). Let’s take this as an example to see how the author uses coloring, inking, and text layout. First, focus on writing about the lotus pond, first the fields of lotus leaves, and then the lotus flowers and buds in bloom among the green leaves, as well as the fragrance of flowers blown by the breeze. This is a quiet picture. Zhu Ziqing's landscape painting has always been dissatisfied with static descriptions of objective scenes. He said, "If you can change the static into dynamic, of course I would be more happy." Then he captured the quivering leaves and flowers as the breeze passed by, "like lightning, it spread across the lotus pond in an instant. The leaves were densely packed side by side, and it seemed like there was a line of solid green." of ripples". This is a moving picture. The combination of movement and stillness vividly conveys the vibrant charm of the lotus pond.
In this paragraph, the author does not mention moonlight, but whether it is a still picture or a dynamic scene, there is a faint moonlight everywhere, and this moonlight melts into the author's specific description after observation. The mood of the leaves and flowers, as well as the ripples of solid green brought up by the breeze, are all formed under the light of the moonlight. Next, focus on writing about the moonlight. First, write about the scene where the moonlight pours on the flowers and leaves like flowing water. "A thin green mist floats in the lotus pond", which is a realistic description; and "the leaves and flowers seem to have been washed in milk." "It's the same; it's like a dream wrapped in a gauze", which is also virtual, but the reality can be seen in the virtual, which aptly expresses the erratic posture of the lotus under the hazy moonlight. Use reality and fiction to create a captivating artistic conception. Writing about moonlight alone is relatively monotonous, so I also focus on describing the shadow of the moon, including the "dark shadows" of "jagged" and "mottled" shrubs, and the "sparse shadows of curved willows", and these "shadows" are like "paintings". On the lotus leaf". The interlacing of light and shadow connects the trees on the shore and the lotuses in the pond, forming a beautiful and complex pattern, making the lotus pond look even more graceful against the background. The moonlight is deliberately written here, but the lotus pond is not forgotten everywhere. The "thin green mist" formed by the moonlight quietly flowing over the flowers and leaves like flowing water is the moonlight and the foggy leaf color and water vapor in the lotus pond. A hazy scene formed by mixing together. Finally, I wrote about the four sides of the lotus pond, with the focus on the willow trees. The description of the tree scene under the moon is because there are willow trees from far and wide, surrounding a lotus pond. There are only a few gaps where the moonlight leaks in, so "the trees are all gloomy, and at first glance they look like a cloud of smoke." The "glorious beauty" of the willows is revealed in this misty mist. The inking is thicker here. Then, write about the distant mountains in the treetops, the lights in the cracks of the trees, the sound of cicadas on the trees, and the drums of frogs in the water under the trees. This is just a random touch. The alternating shades of light and shade outline the moonlit elegance of the entire lotus pond. The characteristic of the scenery description in this article is that it cleverly combines the description of the lotus pond with the description of the moonlight. The lotus pond is the lotus pond under the moon; the moonlight is the moonlight on the lotus pond, which highlights the beauty of elegance, hazyness and tranquility. The fourth and fifth paragraphs best reflect this beauty. For example: "Among the layers of leaves, there are scattered white flowers, some blooming gracefully, some shyly holding their petals; just like individual pearls, stars in the blue sky, or just out of the bath. The beauty. The breeze passed by, sending wisps of fragrance, like the faint singing from the tall buildings in the distance. "There is no moon in this paragraph, but there is a moon everywhere, and the lotus leaves and lotus flowers are all in the hazy moonlight, which is strange. of brilliance. Comparing the blooming and budding white flowers to "pearls" and "stars", the beauty of the lotus is described in terms of color and brilliance. It writes about the wisps of fragrance of lotus, carried by the breeze, like the sound of songs floating in the distance, intermittently and elusive. This feeling of elegance and remoteness can only be experienced when you are alone on a moonlit night. You will never have such a feeling during the noisy day. Another example: "The moonlight is like flowing water, quietly flowing over this leaf and flower. A thin green mist floats in the lotus pond. The leaves and flowers seem to have been washed in milk; and like a veil wrapped in "Dream." Putting lotus leaves and lotus flowers against the background of moonlight, the word "Xie" gives people a milky white and vivid sense of reality; the word "Floating" also shows the lotus leaves and lotus flowers under the moonlight. That ethereal and gentle appearance. The author writes about the tranquility and tranquility of leaves and flowers to set off the hazy and soft moonlight. Another example: "The moonlight shines through the trees, and the dense bushes at high places cast jagged and mottled black shadows, as steep as ghosts; the sparse shadows of the curved willows seem to be painted on the lotus. "On the leaves." When writing "dark shadow" and "qianying" here, I still write moonlight, because the shadow is produced by the moonlight shining on the object. The shadows of the trees are scattered and light, reflecting the light and rippling moonlight. The moonlight is difficult to describe, but the author uses different scenery and different angles to write about the moonlight, making the difficult scene appear before his eyes. The detailed description of "Moonlight over the Lotus Pond" comes from the writer's detailed observation and appreciation of objective objects. The detailed description of the sound of cicadas alone is enough to illustrate the problem. Since some readers raised objections and thought that there should be no cicadas on moonlit nights, he asked many people for advice. Finally, he personally experienced it and heard the sound of cicadas on moonlit nights twice more. The sound of cicadas gave up the idea of ??revising, so he deeply realized the difficulty of observation. The entire article "Moonlight over the Lotus Pond" embodies the author's creative spirit of careful scrutiny. He not only makes an overall guess at the lotus pond, but also makes a partial examination. Sometimes the lotus pond is the main scene, the moonlight is the background, and sometimes the moonlight is the background. As the main scene, the lotus pond is used as the background. Sometimes the flowers and leaves are copied, sometimes the willows on the bank are depicted, sometimes the clouds are lightly drawn, and sometimes the shadows of the trees are lightly sketched. They are laid out layer by layer and developed step by step, delicately showing the "amazing" moonlight of the lotus pond. beauty. Zhu Ziqing also believes that "there is poetry in flowers and light, but there is poetry in addition to flowers and light." "Landscapes and pastoral areas certainly have poetry...just some colors, some sounds, some tastes, and some touches can also have poetry" ("Poetry and Feelings") 》). The artist's task is to discover these "poems" with a keen sense. It is not difficult to find from "Moonlight over the Lotus Pond" that the author worked hard to discover these "poems" contained in nature, and used various artistic techniques to try his best to copy the sound, light, color and taste of the lotus pond on a moonlit night, thus Creates an intoxicating artistic conception. The infinite appeal of "Moonlight over the Lotus Pond" lies in the fact that the author blended into the scenery and expressed his emotions immediately. The scenery of the lotus pond covered by a veil reflects the author's subtle thoughts at that time. He wants to enjoy the boundless lotus fragrance and moonlight alone without worries, which is to get rid of the "very uneasy heart" and pursue the reflection of a momentary peaceful state of mind.
Determined by this emotion, the scenery of the lotus pond is all quiet and peaceful: the flowers are scattered, the fragrance is lingering, the wind is gentle, and the moon is light, thus giving rise to the so-called "it's just that a nap has its own flavor" The artistic conception of "reaching the benefit". It’s neither dense nor light, unclear or dark. Everything is in such a harmonious, moderate and comfortable state. The pursuit of momentary tranquility is for the sake of temporary forgetfulness. It clearly and tortuously reflects his dissatisfaction with the reality at that time. But after all, the author cannot be truly detached. As soon as he heard the cicadas on the trees and the frogs in the water, a wave of melancholy suddenly hit his heart, and he couldn't help but sigh, "The excitement is theirs, I have nothing." His peaceful mood Again and again. Then he thought about picking lotuses again. From the romantic seasons of the Six Dynasties, he recalled the "Ode to Picking Lotuses" written in the Liang Dynasty. Although the "playing scene" at that time was "interesting", he felt "it's a pity that we are no longer blessed." "I've got over it"; then I thought of "Xizhou Song" again, which aroused my homesickness, "I'm thinking about Jiangnan after all." The author's thoughts have been racing in historical memory, tranquil and restless, which deeply and subtly reflects his extremely distressed mood of being "happy to forget temporarily" but unable to "forget". Obviously, determined by the author's thinking, this work is based on the clue of "pacing with hands behind my back" to enjoy the boundless fragrance of lotus and moonlight. From going out through the path to the lotus pond and back again, the inner emotions are revealed through the spatial sequence. . The author's description of the scenery along the way is also a kind of lyricism. As the description of the scene unfolds, it forms an emotional level of alternating tranquility and restlessness. What flows through the boundless lotus fragrance and moonlight is the author's deep feelings. The author describes the scene based on his emotions and uses the scenery to set off the emotions, which not only makes the work have the beauty of painting, but also the beauty of taste.
2. The language is exquisite and full of poetry:
The language of this article is simple and elegant, accurate and vivid, and full of poetry. Zhu Ziqing's prose language always has a simple beauty. He strives for "truth", "truth is nature" ("On Realism and Picturesque"), "return to simplicity, return to nature" ("Today's Poetry"), thinking that " It is not advisable to overdo the decoration and obscure the true meaning." He does not use fancy, archaic, and unfamiliar words to describe things, but expresses a variety of emotions in understatement. He uses natural and novel language to describe his state of mind and expressions, such as "I quietly put on my clothes and brought my clothes with me." "Come to the door and go out", "This road is eerie and a bit scary", etc., all are as plain as words, natural and smooth, without any trace of polishing, making people feel particularly friendly when reading them. A beautiful artistic realm must be achieved through high-quality language, so all outstanding writers attach great importance to language training. Zhu Ziqing paid great attention to the accuracy and appropriateness of his words, such as "The moonlight is like flowing water, quietly pouring on this leaf and flower. A thin green mist floats in the lotus pond." The word "Xie" is the same as the word "floating". The words "make the moonlight and fog come alive." Another example is writing that "the leaves and flowers also trembled slightly" when the breeze passed by, "the leaves were densely packed side by side, and it seemed like there was a ripple of solid blue"; "A distant mountain", "There are also one or two street lights leaking between the trees": "a trace", "a line", "a belt" and "one or two points" are all quantifiers used as adjectives, which enrich, polish and strengthen the image. As well as the role of rendering and strengthening the poetic and picturesque feeling. At the same time, they often rely on suddenly triggered feelings and rich imagination to make objects flash and lead readers into a poetic and picturesque realm. As far as this article is concerned, the author does not use thick ink and heavy colors, but uses light ink colors. Use some colorful words appropriately, but more often use metaphors to inspire readers' association and imagination, making the color of the picture light and strong. For example, when writing about a static lotus, three metaphors are used in succession: "Like pearls" refers to the glittering and translucent flowers under the light of the pale moon; "Like stars in the blue sky" refers to the flickering of flowers against the backdrop of green leaves. Dark; "like a beauty just out of the bath" refers to the beauty of the lotus that is not stained by dust. There is nothing strange about these words and phrases, but when used in the context of this article, they have special artistic charm, accurately and vividly expressing the aesthetic characteristics of this situation, scene, and thing at this time. Furthermore, "the moonlight is like flowing water, quietly pouring over this leaf and flower." This word "shedding" is also very common, but combined with the modifier "quietly", the moonlight is accurately and vividly written. It pours out like running water, yet makes absolutely no sound, making it quiet and beautiful. Another example is, "Under the leaves is the pulsating flow of water." "Mai Mai" originally refers to silently expressing affection with eyes or actions. Here it is used to write about flowing water. The flowing water is silent but seems to have affection. They are embedded in sentences, not as painstakingly crafted, but very expressive. Others, such as writing about lotus leaves using "掳", writing about lights using "毬", etc., all show the author's language skills.
This article uses more than 30 overlapping words, which not only vividly describe the scene in front of you, but also have a kind of phonological beauty. For example, "fields" are used to describe the density of lotus leaves, "layers" are used to indicate its depth, and "twists and turns" are used to indicate the breadth of the lotus pond. Another example is the overlapping of the two-syllable word "芊芊yu", which not only shows the number of trees, but also strengthens the dense night atmosphere; "far, near, near, high, high, low" is a combination of far, near, high and low. He wrote about the dense bushes on all sides of the lotus pond. The lush green trees, far and near, high and low, the faint mountains in the distance, the twists and turns of the lotus pond, the graceful lotus flowers, the delicate fragrance, the quiet flowers and leaves, and the thin green mist all enhance the beauty of the scenery. It not only improves the semantic meaning, but also makes the literary style stretch and the phonology harmonious.
The author writes about the moonlight in the lotus pond, and writes about the lotus pond as the lotus pond under the moonlight. There are layers within layers, which makes the decoration of the picture have a three-dimensional sense and a sense of penetration. Among them, movement and stillness, virtuality and reality, shades and density are the settings of the painting. It is also a poetic arrangement, which not only makes the color of the picture uniform and pleasing to the eye, but also reveals a charm and a rich poetic flavor.
3. Metaphors and synaesthetic rhetorical techniques are vivid and rich:
"Moonlight over the Lotus Pond" uses a variety of techniques. There are vivid metaphors, the lotus leaf emerging from the water is "like a graceful dancer's skirt", holding the buds of flowers, like "pearls of pearls", and "like stars in the blue sky", which is not only appropriate, but also vivid; There is an obvious contrast. The sparse "beautiful shadows" of the curved willows appear more and more light and delicate against the "dark shadows" of the shrubs that are "steep and ghost-like"; there is a strong contrast, with the "languid" lighting. To set off the brightness of the moonlight, the sound of cicadas and frog drums are used to highlight the surrounding silence; there are vivid personifications, the gracefully blooming lotus flowers are like "beauties just emerging from the bath", and the white lotus on the water surface is extremely beautiful. . But what is even more admirable is that because the author has an extremely deep understanding of the object of description, he breaks through the general experience and produces a unique and novel technique, such as "The breeze passes by, sending wisps of fragrance, as if there is a vague feeling on a tall building in the distance." "Like a singing voice." The fragrance of flowers originally appealed to the sense of smell, but the author wrote it into a melodic singing voice, giving people a sense of smell and hearing. Another example is "Light and shadow have a harmonious melody, like the famous music played on a Buddhist bell." The flowing light waves, originally silent, are described as beautiful music, giving people a visual and auditory experience. Logically speaking, fragrance, light and shadow have nothing in common with singing and piano sounds, but the author uses the artistic technique of "synaesthesia" often found in classical poetry to transform the images of smell and vision into auditory images, imitating The incense and light continue and seem to be absent, making the indescribable feeling concrete through another sensible image. The use of this rhetorical method can inspire readers to have broader and far-reaching imaginations and associations, allowing readers to understand the ideological content and artistic realm of the work based on their own life experiences and cultural literacy. This kind of superb artistic processing method is rare in modern prose creation.
"Moonlight over the Lotus Pond" is Zhu Ziqing's representative work of landscape prose. His charming vernacular descriptions of scenery, superb writing skills and simple language embody sincere and deep emotions in simple descriptions. It is vividly reflected in this article, and he is worthy of being a master of beautiful writing.
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Reference books
1. Zhu Ziqing's "Mountain Pickups", Beiyue Literature and Art Publishing House, December 2003
p>2. Zhu Ziqing's "Preface to "Miscellaneous Notes on Travels in Europe"", Beiyue Literature and Art Publishing House, December 2003
3. Zhu Ziqing's "Poetry and Feelings", Beiyue Literature and Art Publishing House, December 2003 Month
4. Zhu Ziqing's "On Realism and Picturesque", Beiyue Literature and Art Publishing House, December 2003
5. Zhu Ziqing's "Today's Poetry", Beiyue Literature and Art Publishing House, 2003 December 2003
6. Zhu Ziqing's "Collection of Zhu Ziqing's Works", Beiyue Literature and Art Publishing House, December 2003