It is said that eating moon cakes in the Mid-Autumn Festival began in the Yuan Dynasty. At that time, the broad masses of the people in the Central Plains could not bear the cruel rule of the ruling class in the Yuan Dynasty and rose up against the Yuan Dynasty. Zhu Yuanzhang joined forces with various resistance forces to prepare for the uprising. However, the officers and men of the imperial court searched very closely and it was very difficult to pass on the news. Liu Bowen, a military strategist, came up with a plan and ordered his men to hide a note with the words "Uprising on the 15th of August" in the cake, and then sent people to the uprising troops in different places to inform them to respond to the uprising on the 15th of August. On the day of the uprising, all the rebels responded together, such as a single spark can start a prairie fire.
Soon, Xu Da captured the Yuan Dynasty and the uprising was successful. When the news came, Zhu Yuanzhang was overjoyed and quickly sent a message saying that all the soldiers should have fun with the people in the upcoming Mid-Autumn Festival, and they should give the "moon cakes" secretly sent at the time of the war as seasonal cakes to the ministers. Since then, the production of "moon cakes" has become more and more elaborate, and there are more and more varieties, such as dishes, which have become good gifts. After the Mid-Autumn Festival, the custom of eating moon cakes spread among the people.
2, send plum blossoms, fish hands,
An idiom refers to delivering letters. It originated from the ancient Yuefu "Drinking Horses in the Great Wall Cave". "Guests come from afar and leave me a pair of carp. Hu Er cooks carp with books in it. "
Mail plum blossoms and ask the postman to deliver them. Metaphor is to express your thoughts to friends far away.
Lu Kai of the Northern Wei Dynasty wrote a poem "To Ye Fan": "Plum blossoms are sent to leading people. Jiangnan has nothing, talk about a spring. "
3. Flying pigeons pass books, while Hongyan passes books
Flying pigeon and Hongyan have the same meaning, which is a way of contact for the ancients.
Flying pigeons pass books, tie letters to pigeons' feet and pass them on to people who want to pass them on.
Third, the spread of espionage.
To some extent, information transmission is information transmission. In ancient times when economic and social conditions were underdeveloped, in order to prevent leaks, the transmission of espionage was still very brain-consuming.
In ancient times, the representative communication tools were pigeons, kites, bonfires, cannons, postal delivery, wax pills and so on. In the Tang Dynasty, homing pigeons appeared in China. In the Song Dynasty, it was very common to send messages by pigeons, and even some military orders were sent by pigeons. Kites are not very reliable in transmitting information, and they are often used out of desperation. But kites appeared earlier and were used in the field of military intelligence in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Beacon towers were used in the Zhou Dynasty, mainly for border defense. By agreeing in advance, important information such as the number of future enemies can be quickly transmitted, which is convenient for leaders to make decisions as soon as possible. The book Mozi also talks about the method of transmitting information with flags and bonfires. Gun No.1 is actually an extension of bonfire and a form of transmitting information based on the development of firearms in Qing Dynasty. Delivery is an important form of information transmission. China has formed a post-delivery network in Shang and Qin dynasties. Postal transmission is not only located on land, but also on water. Post-transmission is widely used and transmits information more reliably. Wax pills are often used as the carrier of secret letters. In ancient times, the traffic was underdeveloped, and spies often had to climb mountains and mountains. In order to facilitate carrying and prevent secret letters from being destroyed, wax pills are widely used. The spy hid it in his hair, in his belt and even in sewing clothes to avoid being found.
In addition to the transmission of material form, there is also the confidentiality of information form. The original spies used argot, including oral argot, written argot, physical argot, human body argot and so on. It is worth mentioning that Hong Men, who appeared in the Qing Dynasty, used many ways to cover up his behavior, such as verbal argot. They have a set of special contact poems to identify the enemy and the enemy, and use specific code names to refer to realistic nouns, such as calling the wine glass Lianmi, chopsticks Shuangmace, monks Niansan and officers and men Feng Meng. Hong Men also creatively created a "tea array" in which teacups, teapots and chopsticks were placed to express specific meanings. The use of these argots has greatly protected the activities of China people in Hong Men. The symbols used by the ancients in military struggle are also very distinctive, often relying on size and pattern to convey specific information. The reason why Xin tried to steal the symbol to save Zhao was because the tiger symbol could not be copied, so he tried his best to steal the symbol and deceive the general. Of course, due to the limited information, the ancients often mixed it with argot. But this still can't solve all the problems, so the password appears. During the Northern Song Dynasty, Ceng Gongliang listed 40 kinds of conventional military terms in General Theory of Wu Jing, which realized the ciphering of Chinese characters. When the general went to war, the Ministry of War and the general agreed on a five-character quatrain, and numbered the words in the quatrain with numbers from one to forty. In this way, individual words in regular poems are linked with military language. When a general needs to communicate with the Ministry of War, he will mix the words in ordinary official documents and stamp them to show the difference. After receiving the official document, the Ministry of War can know the general's requirements by consulting the password table. This method solved the problem of secrecy well, but it didn't get great development in the subsequent dynasties.
The above information comes from Baidu Encyclopedia, Zhihu and Baidu Library.
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