Zhong Wei, Director of Education and Teaching Research Office of Rongxian County, Sichuan Province.
Editor's Note: I divide the Lecture on Education and Teaching into nine series: lesson preparation and discussion, lesson analysis, lecture evaluation, case analysis, classroom regulation, teaching benefit, preparation for the college entrance examination, quality education and scientific research, and divide the Lecture on Education and Teaching (preparation for the college entrance examination) into several topics. This article is "Lecture on Education and Teaching (Education and Scientific Research) No.9 (No.0/4)"
The 14th Lecture on Education and Teaching (Writing Essentials of Project Opening Report) is divided into three sections: 1. The structure and writing method of project opening report; The second is the format and writing method of the opening report; The third is how to write the project opening report.
1. Structure and Writing of Project Opening Report
Author: Bai Yunke
The opening report is a topic selection plan written by the project leader on the basis of investigation and research, and submitted to the superior for approval after the project direction is determined. This paper mainly explains that this topic needs to be studied, and how to prepare it when conditions permit, which can also be said to be the demonstration and design of the topic. The opening report is an important link to improve the quality and level of topic selection. Compared with the research plan, there are great similarities in content, but more attention is paid to the specific schedule and activity arrangement in the research stage.
1. 1, project name.
If the title of the project is inaccurate and inappropriate, it will affect the image and quality of the whole project. Then, pay attention to the subject name: (1) The name should be accurate and standardized. Accuracy is the name of this subject. It is necessary to make it clear what the subject is and what the research object is. For example, there is a topic called "Research on the Process of Educational Modernization in Lianshan District", the object of study is Lianshan District, and the problem of study is educational modernization. Sometimes it is necessary to write out the research methods, such as "Experimental Research on Mental Health Education for Primary School Students", in which the research object is primary school students, not middle school students or college students. The main method of research is experimental research, which makes it clear that others will know what the subject is studying at a glance. In short, the title of the topic must be consistent with the content of the study, neither too big nor too small, and it should accurately summarize the objects and problems you are studying. Standardization means that the use of words and sentence patterns should be standardized and scientific, and specious words, slogans and conclusion sentences should not be used. Because we are conducting scientific research, we should express our thoughts and opinions in scientific and standardized language. There is a topic called "Cultivating students' autonomous learning ability and improving classroom teaching efficiency". If this topic is an empirical paper or research report, I think it is good, but as a topic, I think it is not very good, because the topic is the problem we want to solve, and this problem is being discussed and studied, so there can be no final tone. It is more appropriate to change it to "the influence of the cultivation of autonomous learning ability on improving classroom teaching efficiency" (2) The name should be concise, not too long. Whether it is a paper or a topic, the name should not be too long. Try not to use words if you can, generally no more than 20 words.
1.2, the purpose and significance of the study.
The purpose and significance of research is why we should study and study its value. This can generally be based on the actual needs, pointing out that there is this problem in reality, which needs to be studied and solved, and what practical role the research of this topic has, and then writing out the theoretical and academic value of the topic. These should be written more specifically and pertinently, and we should not shout slogans aimlessly. Don't write all the general slogans such as adhering to the party's educational policy, implementing quality education and improving the quality of education and teaching.
1.3, research status, level and development trend at home and abroad.
It is whether this subject has been studied, what level the research has reached, what shortcomings it has, and what direction it is developing. Writing these contents in the opening report, on the one hand, can highlight the status and value of this research, on the other hand, it also shows whether the researchers have a good grasp of this research. In any scientific research, we must have a clear understanding of the research status of this problem.
1.4, the theoretical basis of the research.
What we are doing now is basically applied research and development research, which requires that our research must have some basic theoretical foundations to ensure the scientific nature of the research. For example, to carry out experimental research on activity classes, we must take curriculum theory, learning psychology theory and educational psychology theory as the theoretical basis of research experiments. When we carry out innovative experiments in teaching mode, we must take teaching theory and educational experiment theory as the theoretical basis.
1.5, the main research contents and methods.
When we have the research goal of the subject, we must determine the specific content of our subject according to the goal, and the research content is more specific than the research goal. And a goal may be achieved through several aspects of research, which are not necessarily one-to-one correspondence. When we determine the research content, we often don't consider it very specifically. The research content written is particularly general and vague, and it is very unfavorable for our whole research to regard the purpose and significance of the research as the research content. So learn to break down the topic and do it bit by bit. The definition of research scope and content is mainly to appropriately narrow the original too large research scope and define the original unclear research scope, such as the study of kindergarten games, so as to make it clear whether it is a rural kindergarten or an urban kindergarten, because there are many differences between the game conditions and the resulting characteristics of these two types of kindergartens. In addition, the research contents of some topics are relatively general, so when writing the opening report, these general and vague research contents should be decomposed in detail to make them specific issues, which can be studied later. Which research methods should be chosen from the problems to be studied, and the corresponding research methods should be determined according to the nature of each specific problem. In the report, it is necessary to write clearly what methods are used to solve what problems, and write out the specific operation process as detailed as possible. In addition, we should pay attention to the comprehensive use of various research methods in order to obtain more comprehensive research conclusions.
1.6, steps of research work.
The step of project research is the arrangement of project research in time and order. The steps of research are the concretization of research ideas and the timetable for guiding and unifying research behavior. Therefore, according to the actual situation, the research tasks should be carefully decomposed, and what kind of research tasks should be completed within what time and what kind of phased results should be achieved. We should fully consider the relationship and difficulty of the research content. Generally, we should start with the basic problems and proceed in stages. When each stage starts and ends, there should be rules.
1.7. Composition and expertise of project participants.
It mainly depends on the overall quality and level of the participants, especially the level of the project leader. According to the expertise and energy of each research group member, arrange them to undertake different practical research tasks.
1.8, with existing foundation.
Mainly personnel base and material base. Each subject has different requirements for personnel and equipment, so it is necessary to make clear the basic research conditions that have been met in this study.
1.9, capital estimate.
That is, where the project needs money, how much money it needs and how to manage it. (This item can be omitted).
1. 10. After writing the opening report, the research group can organize an opening demonstration meeting.
This meeting, first, can make the members of the research group enter the research state, clarify their roles in the research, and at the same time make each member play a full role in the initial stage of the research, especially in the research design. Second, it can make the research ideas clearer: the exchange and collision of views among the members of the research group is more conducive to improving the comprehensiveness and scientificity of the research design. With clear research ideas, we can ensure the research direction of the subject and make the members of the research group carry out the research work step by step and systematically as planned. Third, we can make the research plan more specific: redesign the research plan in the project, and at the same time make it concrete and operable, making it a blueprint that can guide the whole research process. Make those ideas that are not clear during the project application period into concrete ideas and research plans. After the meeting, according to the opinions of experts and the researchers' own understanding of the problem, the opening report was revised again. After approval, the research work entered the actual research stage.
2. Format and writing of project opening report
Author: Li Ruan Xiuhua (from Journal of Fujian Education College, 2004,438+0,
With the deepening of the new round of national basic education curriculum reform, the concept of "teachers become researchers" has gradually taken root in people's hearts. Carrying out and participating in project research is the best way for teachers to acquire self-sustainable development ability. Facts have proved that many teachers have gradually become research-oriented by carrying out research on topics and practicing while studying. Project research is an important part of educational and scientific research activities. "Everything is established in advance, and it will be abolished if it is not planned." For project research, the opening report (scheme or scheme) is like the architect's blueprint. With a good opening report, researchers can carry out scientific research in a planned, systematic and organized way to ensure the smooth completion of scientific research tasks. Therefore, making the opening report is a key step in transforming the topic from imagination to practical action. At present, many teachers have never done research on projects in the past, and now they have to declare projects and write project opening reports, and they don't know where to start. In order to enable teachers to carry out research activities more actively and effectively, and to cultivate and improve teachers' ability and level of writing opening reports, this paper discusses how teachers should standardize the writing of opening reports from the aspects of the significance, function and structure of current educational research. Combined with my own experience in educational research and guiding teachers to write topic opening reports during the self-taught practical examination in primary education college, I try to provide some enlightenment to teachers who want to carry out educational research.
2. 1, the significance and role of the opening report of scientific research projects.
Einstein, a famous physicist, said that it is more important to ask a question than to solve it. What is a valuable original question? Where does such a problem come from? This requires long-term practice, careful observation and careful consideration by researchers. When the topic or the question raised by oneself wins social recognition, it is necessary to design one's own research plan, that is, to write the opening report of scientific research topic.
(1) The opening report of scientific research project (research design) is the design, planning and formulation of research scheme. That is to say, after the subject direction is determined, the topic selection plan written by the subject leader on the basis of investigation and research is submitted to the superior for approval. The opening report mainly shows that this topic has research value, and it can also be said to be the demonstration and design of the topic.
⑵ Writing the opening report of scientific research topic selection is an important link to improve the quality and level of topic selection, and it is an innovation and new knowledge, which is not dispensable. As scholar Wen Weng said, "The main purpose of making a good opening report is to urge everyone to sort out the research ideas and improve the research design". Making the research plan and arrangement of the subject is an exploratory solution to the problems raised by yourself. The report of scientific research project preliminarily stipulates the specific contents and steps of various aspects of research, which plays a key role in the smooth development of the whole research work. For people with less scientific research experience, a good scheme can make them clear the direction of research, avoid the situation that they don't know what to do next after a period of time, and ensure that the whole research work is carried out in an orderly way. It can be said that the level of project opening report is an important embodiment of the quality and level of a project. Without scientific opening report (research and design), there will be no scientific and valuable achievements. With the standardization of education and scientific research management, the problem of subject demonstration has been paid more and more attention by education and scientific research management departments.
(8) Research organization and personnel division. How to divide the work and cooperate among the members of the research group? In the plan, the team leader, deputy team leader, research team members and division of labor should be determined. The leader of the research group is the person in charge of this topic. A research group should include people from three aspects, namely, people with power, people with insight and people with aspirations. If you have the right, you can get more support. If you have knowledge, the quality and level of the project will be higher. If you are interested, you can do it, not afraid of hard work. The division of labor of the research group must be clear and reasonable, so that everyone can understand their work and responsibilities. Of course, on the basis of division of labor, we should also pay attention to the cooperation of all staff, so that everyone can study and discuss together to overcome various difficulties and problems in the research process. At the same time, we should also pay attention to the overall quality and level of the members of the research group, especially the level of the project leader. If the project team members and leaders have neither theoretical experience nor practical experience, the project will not be completed well and it will be difficult to get approval.
(9) Need research funds and equipment. Any research needs certain research funds and equipment, and educational research is no exception. Information that is valuable for research, such as the needs of research work and information, budget and equipment conditions, such as test questions and questionnaires, must be clearly written. But we should seek truth from facts, not write nonsense, strengthen management and supervise the use.
3. How to write a topic opening report
Author: Zhou Hongmei, Teaching Section of Baoying County Education Bureau
3. 1, demonstration meeting.
The opening meeting is an important link in educational research. The opening meeting was held on the basis of the project design, which further deepened and refined the project design demonstration scheme. Under normal circumstances, after the project leader receives the notice of project initiation, the opening meeting shall determine the specific project implementation plan as soon as possible and organize the opening within 3 months. The research plan discussed at the opening meeting is also called the opening report.
⑴ From the management point of view, three things should be done well in the meeting: ① Clear the research direction and objectives. Let the participants know the key points and difficulties; (2) clear division of labor. Let each participant know his responsibilities in the project and tasks at each stage; (3) clearly study the main tasks of each stage, especially the tasks of the first stage.
⑵ The opening report is the design blueprint of a research project, an important basis for carrying out research activities and a guiding document for unifying researchers' thoughts and actions. Some people say that having a good research plan (opening report) is almost equivalent to completing half of the research.
(3) The project declaration of the research plan was written after the approval of the competent department, and it was produced on the basis of project demonstration (written according to the requirements of the project declaration issued by the competent department), literature research (consulting the theory, experience and scientific research results related to the project), investigation and research (understanding the research object and the current research situation of the project) and serious thinking. It is also the main content of the report at the opening meeting of the research project, so it is also called the opening report.
⑷ The research plan is mainly written for the members of the research group to read and use. Its characteristics are: clear research purpose, clear research ideas and concrete and operable research methods.
3.2. Selection of the title of the research project.
(1) The topic is usually an inquiry into the relationship between the studied problem and its influencing factors, which is expressed in declarative sentences.
(1) name should be accurate and standardized. In the topic, researchers should explain clearly what the topic is and what the research object is, and sometimes write research methods, such as "Experimental Research on Mental Health Education for Primary School Students in Baoying County", in which the research object is primary school students in Baoying County, not middle school students or college students. The main method of research is experimental research, which makes it clear that others can know what the subject is studying at a glance. Standardization means that the use of words and sentence patterns should be standardized and scientific, and specious words, slogans and conclusion sentences should not be used. Because we are conducting scientific research, we should express our thoughts and opinions in scientific and standardized language. Here is a topic called "Cultivating students' autonomous learning ability and improving classroom teaching efficiency". If this topic is an empirical paper or research report, I think it is good, but as a topic, I think it is not very good, because the topic is the problem we want to solve, and this problem is being discussed and studied, so there can be no final tone.
(2) the name should be concise, not too long. Whether it is a paper or a topic, the name should not be too long. Try not to use words if you can, generally no more than 20 words. Problem analysis:
(1) The topic expression is not standardized. Some topics don't look like plans from the topic, such as using too literary language or using paper topics. For example, "Open a' stack room' to enjoy reading" and "How to optimize physics and chemistry classroom teaching by using modern information technology in rural junior high schools".
② The name does not match the method. If the expression "experiment" is used in the title, it shows that this study mainly adopts experimental methods, which should reflect the basic requirements of experimental methods, but from the content point of view, it is not entirely the case. For example, "the experiment and research on constructing the teaching mode of students' autonomous learning and cooperative learning under the environment of modern information resources" and "the experiment and research on improving the socialization level of primary school students' mental health education based on the network environment".
(3) The scope of the proposition is unclear or too large. The research scope is directly related to the basic research conditions of the subject unit or individual, and we should do what we can. If the proposition is improper, there may be a situation of "small horse-drawn cart", such as the topic of a junior high school, Research on Modern Distance Education Project and Teacher Training and Professional Level Improvement in Rural Primary and Secondary Schools, Research on Teachers' Information Literacy and Teachers' Professional Development, Research on Digital Campus and School Management Modernization, Research on Effective Integration of Information Technology and Subject Teaching, and About
3.3. Write the text of the research plan.
(1) the background and significance of the topic.
We can demonstrate the background from three aspects: "practical problems", "the need of educational development" and "the research status of similar topics at home and abroad" to answer why we should study this issue.
② The significance can be demonstrated from two aspects: "practical significance" and "theoretical significance", that is, the innovation of this topic and the value of answering this question.
③ Some of them are written in three parts: ① setting out the background; ② Problems to be solved; ③ Research status at home and abroad, and the connection and difference between this topic and it.
Problem analysis:
(1) "Introduction" is too long. The research background of the subject is often general, from international to domestic, from rejuvenating the country through science and education to rejuvenating teaching through scientific research, from the harm of exam-oriented education to the significance of quality education, from curriculum reform to the integration of information technology and subject teaching. It's too late to get into the research topic, which involves the reality of local schools.
② Material stacking. Quoting the words of various factions, the list is chaotic, lacking due analysis and induction, and there is no place where researchers agree or disagree.
⑵ Definition of subject. Definition is to clearly explain the "keywords" in the topic and limit the accurate research of the topic.
Range. The research scope should be specific and appropriate, and it is better to be "practical" and "small" than to be perfect.
Problem analysis: key concepts are lack of definition or inaccurate. The key concept is the "finishing touch" in the title, which needs special explanation. Because there are many schools of pedagogy, many concepts (such as personality, individuality, subjectivity, non-intellectual factors, emotional intelligence, etc. ) has different meanings. If they are not defined, it will lead to ambiguity. There are also some unscientific expressions of concepts, such as moral education and aesthetic education.
(3) The theoretical basis or principle to be followed. What we are doing now is basically applied research and development research, which requires that our research must have some basic theoretical foundations to ensure the scientific nature of the research. Educational research is a conscious research activity under the guidance of scientific theory, and we can't "cross the river by feeling the stones" at will.
Once the expected results of the study. The research results can be divided into three levels:
First floor. Final report (1 ~ 3 writers can draft).
The second layer: several experience summaries and papers (you can draw up the title or content scope of each article and the author of each article).
As a supplement and extension of the closing report;
③ The third layer: case collection, students' works, school-based textbooks, testing tools, etc. (The person in charge can draw up it separately).
(8) Organization and management of research.
(1) Establish a research group, including group leader, deputy group leader, team members, consultants, etc. , and write down their names, positions, titles and tasks in the research.
② Establish necessary systems, such as project management system, learning system, discussion system, data storage and use system, and reward system.
(3) the source and use of funds. Indicate the source, quantity, budget and use of funds.
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