From the perspective of historical data, as early as 1600 years ago, there was a wave of immigrants in Shenzhen, and mainlanders made great contributions to the development of Xin'an. Among the six counties under the jurisdiction of Dongguan County, the first one is Bao'an County. The county seat and the county seat are in the same place. It is a transportation hub for rivers and seas and an important coastal defense military town. Xin'an Ancient City created the source of Shenzhen's urban development and became the center of Shenzhen's political, economic and cultural life. Historical changes are often reflected in the saying that "if things are divided for a long time, they must be reunited, and if things are together for a long time, they must be divided." The same is true for the development and changes of Xin'an Ancient City. In the sixth year of Liang Tianjian (507), Dongguan County was changed to Dongguan County, and Chen moved the county administration to Zengcheng. In the second year of Emperor Suzong's reign (757), the name of Bao'an County was changed to Dongguan, and the county seat was moved from Nantou to today's Dongguan City. After the Five Dynasties, Song and Yuan Dynasties, Shenzhen's administrative affiliations underwent some changes. The Nantou City we see today is the "Dongguan Guard Thousand Households City" built on the site of the old city by Cui Hao, the left guard of Guangzhou in the 27th year of Hongwu's reign in the Ming Dynasty (1394). In the first year of Wanli of the Ming Dynasty (1573), Xin'an County was divided from Dongguan County, and the city was designated as the county seat. /According to archaeological discoveries in recent years, Shenzhen has a history of 6,000 years. According to information on underground archaeological excavations and ancient sites above ground, Shenzhen has a long history. Pottery and stone tools discovered at the Dahuangsha and Dameisha dune sites show that humans were living on this beautiful and fertile land as early as the Neolithic Age, five or six thousand years ago. Created Shenzhen's glorious history and culture. It has been identified that Shenzhen has 103 cultural sites, 234 ancient tombs, 68 ancient buildings and historical memorial buildings, 97 modern historical sites and revolutionary memorial buildings, and 12 old customs stations and boundary monuments. After screening, the municipal government has announced 36 cultural relics protection units in three batches. Among them, the boundary monuments of Dapeng City and "Zhongying Street" were recognized by the provincial government as provincial cultural relics protection units in 1989.
Shenzhen is located on the coast of the South China Sea, with coconut breeze and sea charm, fine waves and white sand, and pleasant scenery. It has always been regarded as the "Southern Gate of China and the Border Scenic Line". Since the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Shenzhen has played an important role in politics, culture, economy, transportation, coastal defense and military affairs. Archaeological materials prove that as early as the Neolithic Age, five or six thousand years ago, humans were working, living, and multiplying in the beautiful and fertile land of Shenzhen.
Since the Qin Dynasty, the Baiyue residents in Shenzhen have been under the feudal centralized control. The Han Dynasty has established salt officials in Shenzhen, including Nantou, Xixiang, Shajing, Dapeng and Li Zhengwu Village in Hong Kong. Han Dynasty tombs have been found in other places. From the funerals and unearthed cultural relics, it can be seen that advanced Central Plains culture was integrated at that time.
During the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties for more than 250 years, Shenzhen was at its peak. Dongguan County was established, and six counties including Baoan and Xingning were under its jurisdiction. Its jurisdiction included the Pearl River Delta and Huiyang. The jurisdiction of Baoan County at that time was probably what it is today. Dongguan City, Shenzhen City and Hong Kong region.
The waters of Shenzhen became a hub for sea transportation in the Tang Dynasty. A garrison town was set up in Nantou, where Lingnan Jiedu troops were stationed; a "sea patrol camp" was set up in the Song Dynasty. Since the Song Dynasty, Shenzhen has become a hub for maritime transportation and trade in southern China, and has experienced significant economic development.
The Ming Dynasty was the renaissance period in the history of Shenzhen. In the 27th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1394), Nantou Dongguan Guarded Qianhusuo City and Dapeng Guarded Qianhusuo City were built. Later, Nantou Village was established and a large military organization was formed, serving as "the outer guard of Humen and the screen of the provincial capital" to resist Japanese crowns, pirates and other foreign invaders. In the 16th year of the Zhengde reign of the Ming Dynasty (1521), the soldiers and civilians of Nantou, led by Wang Hong of Patrol Sea Road, annihilated the Portuguese fleet in the waters of Nantou.
By the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, the number of residents in Xin'an County had reached 225,979. The population increased greatly, and agricultural production, fishery, and salt industries developed greatly.
In the second year of the Republic of China (1913), Xin'an County was renamed Bao'an County, and the administrative seat was still located in Nantou City. During the period between the old democratic revolution and the new democratic revolution, the people of Shenzhen wrote an epic chapter for national liberation. In particular, the Anti-Japanese Dongjiang Guerrilla Column was active in the Huidong and Bao areas, severely attacking the Japanese invaders and escorting cultural figures trapped in Hong Kong to the liberated areas, making significant contributions to China's cultural undertakings.
Shenzhen has a long history and developed culture, so it is rich in cultural relics and historic sites, and there are many scenic spots, such as the "Jinji Suiyuan" Temple in the Jin and Sui Dynasties, Haiguang Temple in the Tang Dynasty, and Lingdu Temple in the Southern Tang Dynasty. The Huaidu Temple in the Song Dynasty, the Chiwan Tianhou Temple in the Song Dynasty, the "Eight Scenes of Xin'an" in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, as well as Lingding Mountain, Longqi'ao, Qiniang Mountain, etc.
In the 1980s, after Shenzhen was designated as China's first special economic zone, the tourism industry developed extremely rapidly. The newly built tourist attractions and facilities were uniquely charming, with their novel, unique and unique style. Famous at home and abroad.
Answer: Shui Weixing - Juren Level 4 10-5 12:20
According to historical data, as early as 1600 years ago, there was a wave of immigrants in the Shenzhen area. People have made great contributions to the development of Xin'an. Among the six counties under the jurisdiction of Dongguan County, the first one is Bao'an County. The county seat and the county seat are in the same place. It is a transportation hub for rivers and seas and an important coastal defense military town. Xin'an Ancient City created the source of Shenzhen's urban development and became the center of Shenzhen's political, economic and cultural life. Historical changes are often reflected in the saying that "if things are divided for a long time, they must be reunited, and if things are together for a long time, they must be divided." The same is true for the development and changes of Xin'an Ancient City.
In the sixth year of Liang Tianjian (507), Dongguan County was changed to Dongguan County, and Chen moved the county administration to Zengcheng. In the second year of Emperor Suzong's reign (757), the name of Bao'an County was changed to Dongguan, and the county seat was moved from Nantou to today's Dongguan City. After the Five Dynasties, Song and Yuan Dynasties, Shenzhen's administrative affiliations underwent some changes. The Nantou City we see today is the "Dongguan Guard Thousand Households City" built on the site of the old city by Cui Hao, the left guard of Guangzhou in the 27th year of Hongwu's reign in the Ming Dynasty (1394). In the first year of Wanli of the Ming Dynasty (1573), Xin'an County was divided from Dongguan County, and the city was designated as the county seat. /According to archaeological discoveries in recent years, Shenzhen has a history of 6,000 years. According to information on underground archaeological excavations and ancient sites above ground, Shenzhen has a long history. Pottery and stone tools discovered at the Dahuangsha and Dameisha dune sites show that humans were living on this beautiful and fertile land as early as the Neolithic Age, five or six thousand years ago. Created Shenzhen's glorious history and culture. It has been identified that Shenzhen has 103 cultural sites, 234 ancient tombs, 68 ancient buildings and historical memorial buildings, 97 modern historical sites and revolutionary memorial buildings, and 12 old customs stations and boundary monuments. After screening, the municipal government has announced 36 cultural relics protection units in three batches. Among them, the boundary monuments of Dapeng City and "Zhongying Street" were recognized by the provincial government as provincial cultural relics protection units in 1989.
According to historical documents, the history of Shenzhen City can be divided into four periods:
The era of affiliation
The era of affiliation (that is, the era before independent establishment of the county, prehistoric- 1573 AD) during the Xia and Shang dynasties, four to five thousand years ago, the Baiyue tribe living in the Shenzhen area was called the "Nanyue tribe". Qin Shihuang unified China and established the three counties of Nanhai, Guilin and Xiangjun in Lingnan, and relegated 500,000 people to develop it. At this time, Shenzhen, which belonged to Nanhai County, was included in the layout of China and integrated with the culture of the Central Plains. In the 6th year of Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Dongguan County was established with jurisdiction over six counties. Its scope included the Pearl River Delta and Huichao area, and the county seat was in Bao'an County. In the 10th year of the founding of the Sui Dynasty, Dongguan County was abolished and Bao'an County was transferred to Guangzhou. In the 2nd year of the Tang Dynasty, Bao'an County was renamed Dongguan County, and the county seat was moved from Nantou to Dongguan. During the Song Dynasty, Shenzhen was not only an important hub for sea trade in southern China, but also a salt production area and famous for spices. By the Yuan Dynasty, the pearls produced here were already very famous. In the 27th year of Hongwu's reign in the Ming Dynasty, Shenzhen established the defensive guard organizations of Dongguan Qianhu Station and Dapeng Qianhu Station. Later, Nantou Village was established on the Nanshan Peninsula, which was "the outer guard of Humen and the screen of the provincial capital". It was a huge military organization. When China sent envoys to Southeast Asia, before the fleet sailed, they would go to Shenzhen Chiwan Tianhou Temple to offer sacrifices and pray. Only then can the trip be made.
The County-Building Era
In the first year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1573-1841 AD), the imperial court took the meaning of "reforming the old and making new changes, turning danger into peace" and guarded the Thousand Households in Dongguan. The base was expanded and Xin'an County was established. The area includes today's Shenzhen City and Hong Kong, and its economy is mainly based on salt production, tea, spices and rice cultivation. In the early Qing Dynasty, in order to prevent Zheng Chenggong and the Ming Dynasty survivors from carrying out anti-Qing activities on the coast, a "border relocation" of 50 miles inland was carried out in coastal provinces. Two-thirds of the land in Xin'an County was once incorporated into Dongguan County. Restoration world.
The Era of County Boundary Division
The Era of County Boundary Division (1842-1898) In 1842 AD, that is, July 24, the second year of the Qing Dynasty, China and Britain signed the unequal Treaty of Nanjing. Treaty, Hong Kong Island in Xin'an County was occupied by the British. In 1860 AD, that is, on the 11th day of the 10th year of Xianfeng's reign, the Kowloon Peninsula in Xin'an County was also forced to cede to Britain due to the Treaty of Beijing. In 1898 AD, that is, April 21, the 24th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, the Qing government signed the "Special Treaty on the Expansion of Hong Kong Boundary Sites" with the United Kingdom, and leased the New Territories to the United Kingdom for a period of 99 years. Since then, the county seat of Xin'an County's original 3076 counties has remained in Nantou. During the Anti-Japanese War, Nantou fell to the Japanese invasion from the south, and the Baoan County government moved to Dongguan County. Although Shenzhen became a Japanese-controlled area at that time, there was a powerful Dongjiang guerrilla column operating in the mountains in southern Xinjiang. In 1953, after the liberation of the country, because Shenzhen was connected to the Guangzhou-Kowloon Railway, with convenient transportation, a large population, and prosperous industry and commerce, Bao'an County was moved eastward to Shenzhen Market. The ruins of Shenzhen were built in the early years of the Qing Dynasty. Because this area is densely covered with water and there is a large ditch beside the fields, it was named Shenzhen.
City Founding Period
City Founding Period In February 1979, the State Council issued Document No. 38, proposing to build Shenzhen into a considerable level of export commodity production base integrating industry and agriculture within a few years. ; Build it into a tourist area that attracts tourists from Hong Kong and Macao; Build it into a new type of border city. In March, the central government and the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee decided to change Baoan County to Shenzhen City, under the dual leadership of the Huiyang District and the Provincial Party Committee. In November, the Guangdong Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to change Shenzhen into a provincial-level municipality at the regional level, directly under the provincial leadership. In May 1980, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued Document No. 41, which clearly stated that the construction of special zones should be actively and steadily carried out and the "export special zones" should be changed to "special economic zones". Since then, Shenzhen has been officially designated as a "Special Economic Zone". In August of the same year, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress passed and promulgated the "Regulations on Special Economic Zones of Guangdong Province", announcing that "certain areas will be set aside to establish special economic zones in Shenzhen, Zhuhai, and Shantou." In October, the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee announced the restoration of Baoan County was established, and at the same time it was announced that the political treatment of Shenzhen City would be the same as that of Guangzhou City.
In November 1988, the State Council officially approved Shenzhen to include separate fiscal plans in the national plan, and granted it economic management authority equivalent to the provincial level.
In July 1992, the 26th meeting of the Standing Committee of the Seventh National People's Congress passed a resolution granting the Shenzhen Municipal People's Congress and its Standing Committee and the Shenzhen Municipal People's Government the power to formulate laws and regulations.
In 1992, the organizational structure of Baoan County was abolished, and two municipal districts of Baoan and Longgang were established in Shenzhen City. They were officially listed on January 1, 1993. Yantian District was established in 1998 and opened for business on March 30.
There are currently 6 municipal administrative districts of Luohu, Futian, Baoan, Longgang, Yantian and Nanshan, 24 sub-district offices and 19 towns. Futian District is located in the middle of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone. It is the seat of the people's government. The district was established on January 4, 1990, and the district people's government was established on October 7 of the same year. The district government is located in Tianmian, Shennan Middle Road. The total area of ??the district is 78.8 square kilometers. The administrative area starts from Hongling Road in the east and is connected to Luohu District, to the west to Chegongmiao Industrial Zone and Nanshan District, to the south is the Shenzhen River and is adjacent to Hong Kong, and to the north is Baoan District. It has jurisdiction over 7 sub-district offices: Yuanling, Nanyuan, Futian, Shatou, Meilin, Huafu and Xiangmihu. The total population is 677,200, including 258,000 registered residents.
Luohu District
is located in the middle of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone. It is the earliest commercial central area in urban development in the Special Economic Zone. The district was established on January 4, 1990, and the district people's government was established on September 21 of the same year. The district government is located on Wenjin Middle Road. The total area of ??the district is 74.2 square kilometers. The administrative area borders Yantian District to the east, Hongling Road to the west and Futian District, Luohu Bridge to the south and Hong Kong, and Longgang District to the north. It has jurisdiction over six sub-district offices: Huangbei, Jiaohu, Nanhu, Guiyuan, Cuizhu and Sungang. The total population is 570,000, including 279,900 registered residents.
Nanshan District
Located in the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone Department. The district was established on January 4, 1990, and the district people's government was established on September 24 of the same year. The district government is located in Nantou. The total area of ??the district is 150.79 square kilometers, of which the second line is 119.4 square kilometers, and the second line is 31.39 square kilometers (including Neilingding Island and Dachan Island). The administrative area is connected to Chegongmiao Industrial Zone in the east and Futian District. It reaches Lingdingyang in the west, Yangtai Mountain in the north and Bao'an Gong, and Hong Kong in the south. It has jurisdiction over 7 sub-district offices in Shahe, Xili, Nantou, Nanshan, Yuehai, China Merchants and Shekou. The total population is 447,000, including 108,000 registered residents.
Yantian District
is located in the eastern part of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone. The district was established with the approval of the State Council in October 1997. The district government is located in Shatoujiao Town. The total area of ??the district is 67.36 square kilometers. The administrative area starts from Dapeng Bay Beizijiao in the east and is connected to Longgang District, to the west is Luohu District, to the south is the New Territories of Hong Kong, and to the north is Longgang District. It has jurisdiction over Shatoujiao Town and two sub-district offices, Meisha and Yantian. The total population is 120,000, including 26,000 registered residents.
Baoan District
is located in the northwest of Shenzhen City. The district was established on November 11, 1992. The district government is located in Xin'an (formerly Bao'an County). The district has a total area of ??733 square kilometers. The administrative area borders Longgang District in the east, Nanshan District and Futian District in the south, Lingdingyang in the west, and Dongguan City in the north. Shenzhen Airport is within the jurisdiction of the district. The district governs 8 towns, Xixiang, Fuyong, Shajing, Songgang, Gongming, Shiyan, Longhua and Guanlan, and 2 sub-district offices, Xin'an and Guangming, with a total population of 1.246 million, including 242,000 registered residents. .
Longgang District
Located in the east of Shenzhen City. The district was established simultaneously with Bao'an District on November 11, 1992. The district government is located in Longgang, with a total area of ??940.9 square kilometers. The administrative area borders Daya Bay and Dapeng Bay to the east, Luohu District, Yantian District and Hong Kong to the south, Bao'an District to the west, Huizhou City, Dongguan City, and Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station to the north. within the jurisdiction of this district. The district governs 10 towns including Buji, Pinghu, Henggang, Longgang, Pingshan, Pingdi, Kengzi, Kuiyong, Dapeng and Nan'ao. The total population of the region is 984,000, including 168,000 registered residents.
After twenty years of reform, Shenzhen has been bathed in the spring breeze. The old city of the past has disappeared without a trace, and has been replaced by the extraordinary "King of Land", densely lined high-rise buildings, streets, and shopping malls. The endless flow of people and the dazzling neon lights when the lanterns first come on... a prosperous and prosperous scene, revealing vitality everywhere. Even the pioneers who witnessed the development and growth of the special zone were filled with emotion when they saw this miracle.
Compared with today’s Special Economic Zone Shenzhen, Shenzhen in the old days was just a sparsely populated border town. At that time, there were basically only two types of house structures, namely vertical houses and large flat houses. The houses of local people (people who speak Cantonese) are mostly vertical. The entrance is the kitchen, followed by the patio. Beyond the patio is the main hall. Behind the hall are the bedrooms, and the bedrooms have corridors. In a wealthy home, a patio is added, and a living room and a room are built in front of the patio. The former is called the vertical "two-advance", and the latter is called the "three-advance". The building materials are mostly made of triple soil (yellow mud, sand, lime), and the roof is extremely dark. Hakka houses are mostly of a large one-piece style, with a living room at the entrance and side rooms on both sides, used as bedrooms and kitchens. A small window is opened against the wall and exposed tiles are used for lighting. There is insufficient light, and the building materials are the same as those of the locals. In the Hakka area, there is a kind of enclosed house which is called one of the five characteristics of Han folk houses by the architectural circles.
The enclosed house is generally square and castle-like, with high walls on all sides and pavilions at the corners. There are gun holes under the walls and pavilions. There is a Tianjie within the enclosure. Most residences have patios. For example, Dawanshiju in Pingshan, Longtian Shiju in Kengzi, and Luo Ruihe in Longgang are all relatively famous Hakka enclosed houses in Baoan. Among them, the double-layer composite structure of Dawanshiju in Jiutianshibajing is the most remarkable and is a key cultural relic in Shenzhen. Protective unit. Fishermen generally use boats as their homes, and those with small boats and many people will build huts to live in higher places along the coast. The building materials are made of bamboo and wood as the frame, and thatch as the walls and roof. They can only barely provide protection from wind and rain, and are often destroyed by typhoons.
After the reform and opening up, the traditional house structure was eliminated. All rural houses were built with more than two or three floors, with unique styles, bright colors, good air circulation, good lighting, and carefully cultivated small gardens. Residential buildings in urban areas are all new-style buildings with five or six floors and above, equipped with a number of suites (two bedrooms and one living room, three bedrooms and two living rooms, four bedrooms and one living room). The old-style tile-roofed houses no longer exist.
Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, the fabrics worn by Shenzhen residents were self-woven and self-dyed "Shizhangwu", which was strong and durable, and the colors were mostly black, green, and dark red. The style of clothing is Tang Dynasty casual clothes. Men's tops are open-chested, with seven knuckles and four pockets or five knuckles and two pockets. The women's top has a button placket on the right side. Men's and women's trousers are the same, with wide trousers and wide feet, tied with belts. A small number of teachers, students, government staff, and some urban residents wear Chinese tunic suits, suits, shirts and trousers. A few female teachers and female students wear skirts. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, there was a gradual transition to Mao suits, and young people wore youth clothes, but the old farmers did not change much. The fabrics are mainly cotton, with some khaki and woolen fabrics. Suits and various styles of clothing became popular after the 1980s.
In the early years of the Republic of China, men cut their braids and shaved their heads, then gradually adopted flat-top or dome hairstyles, and later Western-style hairstyles became popular. Women's feet are bound and braided from childhood. In the early years of the Republic of China, it was forbidden to bind feet, young girls wore braids, and married women wore buns. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Western-style hairstyles and hair wax were still popular among men. It is popular for women to wear their eyebrows and hair in short braids. After the 1980s, some men and women like to perm their hair, and women also have hairstyles such as waves, flowing clouds, and chrysanthemums.
In terms of decoration, the residents of Shenzhen in the old days wore simple clothes and changed according to the customs. Women's headbands, aprons and Hakka women's hats are quite distinctive. The headband is commonly known as "winter skirt" or "baotouzi". It is three feet long and one foot wide of black fine cloth with white patterns embroidered on the edge. Decorated with laces, unmarried women wear white embroidered laces, married young women wear red embroidered laces, and middle-aged and older women wear cyan or black laces. Women like to add a plain apron to their tops. Unmarried women wear white skirts, and married women wear cyan or red skirts. In Buji area, unmarried women wear red aprons, and married women wear cyan or black aprons. The hat is made of bamboo strips woven into a flat circle, with an empty hat frame on the top of the head and a black hat skirt on the edge. Women weave their own laces, with white laces for unmarried women, red laces for married young women, and cyan or black laces for middle-aged and older women. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, when people went out on happy occasions, men usually wore cloth shoes, and women wore cloth shoes. At home, men, women, old and young all wore clogs. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, there were various types of shoes, including cloth shoes, leather shoes, rubber shoes, artificial leather shoes, with various styles and brands, and the traditional clogs almost disappeared.
In addition, before the founding of the People's Republic of China, women wore their hair in a bun and decorated it with hairpins, hairpins, earrings, bracelets, rings, necklaces, etc. Hakka women like to wear silver earrings and bracelets after marriage. Elderly women wear longevity bracelets engraved with the words "long life, wealth and honor". A silver lock is hung on the child's chest. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, women's wearing of jewelry decreased and almost disappeared in the 1960s and 1970s. However, men and women wearing watches gradually increased. After the 1980s, women began to wear earrings, rings, and necklaces again, and men also generally wore rings.
Looking back at the history of Pengcheng, ancient mainland immigrants came here to create the ancient civilization of Pengcheng, while modern mainland immigrants came to Shenzhen and recreated Shenzhen's glory.
From this point of view, the new Shenzhen should be the continuation and innovation of the old Shenzhen. History cannot be forgotten. Innovation of national culture is ultimately inseparable from the profound accumulation of traditional culture