The topic composition has a lead, for example, the lead of the composition topic of the college entrance examination in 2000 is: "Indeed, the world is ever-changing, with endless questions and colorful answers. There are many examples in life about how to look at problems, how to understand them, how to solve them and how to answer them. Do you have such experience, experience, knowledge and understanding? Please write an article on the topic' The answer is colorful'. " At the same time, it is specially stated: "The scope of this question is very wide, as long as it is related to the thoughts and feelings caused by the scholar's question, it meets the requirements." This sentence is the key hint. Many students noticed this, so they broadened their thinking and wrote some college entrance examination compositions, such as My Views on a Dream of Red Mansions, Being a Man, and Four-Act Drama. Other students didn't notice this, only saw "Please write an article on the topic of' The answer is colorful'", some understood the topic as a topic, some as a "center" and a "theme", so many students took "The answer is colorful" as a topic and just cited some news examples to prove that "the answer is colorful". Some students equate "topic composition" with material composition, and think that the four geometric figures given by the proposer are the supplied materials, so they deduct this material for discussion. Of course, it is not impossible to do so, but it is very difficult to write excellent articles.
It can be seen that there are two understandings of "topic composition": narrow and broad. The topics in a narrow sense are "composition topic", "composition theme" and "composition center". "Talk" means "talk". If understood in this way, the composition questions in the 2000 college entrance examination can be traced back to the reason that the answers are colorful, the purpose of which can be expounded, the methods of which can be sought and the narrative can be stimulated from the answers. It can be carried out according to the conventional thinking of "what to do-why to do it".
The broad understanding of dialogue composition is that as long as it is related to the topic, it is within the scope of the topic. The composition of college entrance examination in 2000 can describe the experience, knowledge and experience about "the answers are colorful", and "as long as it is related to the thoughts and feelings caused by scholars' questions" meets the requirements. In this way, the content will be more colorful and the topics will be wider. Some interpret the meaning of life from different angles, some describe different feelings about beauty, and some call on each individual's personality to show his elegance. "Eight immortals crossing the sea show their magical powers", and there are many works that are better than "narrow understanding".
2. Freedom. The "material" provided by "topic composition" is not the starting point and destination of conception like the "material" of previous "material composition", but only the "guidance before making" made by the proposer; It is a "topic" that causes candidates to think, an example that inspires candidates to open their minds, and a "one" that draws inferences from others. "Topic" is not a topic, but a standard of writing, which leaves a lot of room for candidates to choose and play freely in terms of conception, material selection, style and expression. In the examination questions in 2000, it was clearly written: "As long as it is related to the thoughts and feelings caused by the scholar's questions, it conforms to the meaning of the questions." "Topic composition" provides you with a broad creative space. The sky is high, birds can fly, the sea is wide, and you can jump freely in the blue sky and blue sea! Compared with the previous propositional composition, semi-propositional composition and material composition, topic composition gives candidates great freedom and autonomy in topic selection, material selection, style and imagination. Generally speaking, the specific performance is as follows:
(1) Free topic. A given theme can remain as a theme. You can write your own questions for the exam. It is best to reflect the stylistic characteristics of the questions.
(2) freedom of material selection. As long as you choose a topic related to the topic, it is effective.
(3) freedom of style. Topic composition requires poetry (this restriction may be lifted in the future). In fact, in some areas in 2000, the senior high school entrance examination has allowed candidates to write poems), and candidates are free to choose narrative, explanatory, argumentative or drama. Now people have a common understanding, and the styles are not limited. Students can give full play to their advantages and freely choose a suitable expression. They don't have to suffer from pandering to others' lies and empty words. Unlimited styles expand students' association and imagination space, and open up a broad world for students to boldly innovate and fully display their unique personality. However, style is not limited, which does not mean that style can be ignored. Style is a system gradually formed for a long time. No style has its own characteristics and requirements. In other words, once we choose a style, the article must meet the requirements and norms of which style. It is narrative, argumentative and expository. Although narrative, discussion, explanation and lyricism can be used comprehensively, the stylistic features must be clear. Just like gymnastics competition, optional movements are the key to scoring, but the prescribed movements must meet the standard requirements.
(4) Freedom of imagination. Rich imagination is one of the characteristics of masterpieces. Topic composition gives candidates a wide range of freedom on the basis of topic, material selection and style, so that candidates have a broader imagination space. Therefore, an excellent topic composition pays more attention to the innovation of candidates in the planning, conception, material selection, layout and writing-thinking what ordinary candidates have never thought of and writing what ordinary candidates have never written. Another point to be mentioned in Freedom of Imagination is the depth of thinking. The depth of writing is the depth of thinking. Only by seeing through the essence of what is written, grasping the relationship and development law between things and analyzing things dialectically can readers feel heavy and powerful.
In short, the freedom of topic composition is that composition gives candidates more choices. At this point, the topic composition reduces the space for limiting candidates' composition. Candidates can give full play to their strengths, write their own personality and reflect their creativity in their compositions. As early as 1986, Shanghai's college entrance examination essay title "Back to Alma Mater in 2000" re-examined the imagination. Judging from the national college entrance examination questions in the past ten years, the examination of imagination is also from small composition to big composition, from fragment to whole article, from small score to maximum. It can be said that the gold content of imagination in college entrance examination composition is gradually entering 100% every year. We might as well take a closer look at the specific content of the imagination test of the college entrance examination in the past decade. 1990 imagined the portrait of the little girl in the rose garden, 1997 imagined the "circle", 1992 imagined cleaning the broken glass jar, 1993 imagined the scene where father and son expressed their opinions under the buttonwood tree in summer, 1995 imagined two. 1997' s little shepherd's imagination of going to school, 1998' s imagination of Xiaole washing shoes, 1999' s approximate scientific hypothesis-the imagination of memory transplantation. Compared with the previous ten years, 1999 college entrance examination questions examined students' imagination in an all-round and three-dimensional way. This year's college entrance examination composition is not so much an examination of article content, language expression and Chinese character writing as an examination of imagination. This tendency of the proposer in the design of test questions is distinct and prominent, and its intention is to attach great importance to the cultivation of imagination in composition teaching in middle schools.
Let's take a concrete look at the example below.
Xiao Tie, who was identified as the best psychological quality by tests, was designated as the recipient of "war" memory and accepted a severe test.
"Ah," he was suddenly frightened by the bloody war scene. This is a battle of mountains, and Qin Jun is bleeding like a river, and there is no return; This is a crusade, and countless innocent people died; This is the battle of Valle River, and many flesh and blood have been ground to a pulp. ……? He got up from his hospital bed, and suddenly his brain exploded ... bombs exploded, houses collapsed, people fled everywhere, countless cities became ruins, and scenes of World War II flashed again and again ...?
At this time, Xiao Tie suddenly had an idea to do a memory transplant for those who made wars and those arms dealers.
Let them know the pain of war and let them lay down their weapons! (War memory)?
(brief comment)? The film takes "Little Iron" as the clue, "War" as the center, and the theme of praying for peace, and uses montage to organically splice the cruel war scenes together, highlighting the disasters brought by the war and strengthening the theme. ?
On March 1 2005, my memory was transplanted. The memory to be transplanted into my brain today is the memory of dozens of generations preserved in this research institute, including scientists and politicians, all of which are the memories of outstanding talents. I was sent into a sealed device ...? The memory transplant was successful. I walked in the street and looked at the tall buildings, but my mind flashed rows of bungalows, and many housewives were washing clothes at the door ... this is probably the memory I just moved in. ?
The news that my memory was transplanted spread like wildfire, and radio and TV stations came to me one after another. I take pains to answer almost the same questions over and over again. ? Archaeologists also flocked to search for ancient cultural relics from my memory, so I searched in memory movies. Historians came one after another to capture vivid historical materials, so I introduced the great events that greeted the return of Hong Kong and Macao hundreds of years ago. They left contentedly, but my voice was hoarse. Others came to ask if they were descendants of Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping ... so I was surrounded by crowds every day and lost my freedom. People looked at me strangely, and I became a monster. ? I couldn't stand it any longer, and I walked into the institute involuntarily. A few minutes later, my transplanted memory was finally taken out. I relaxed and took a long breath. Farewell to transplanted memories (fragments)?
[brief comment]? This composition describes a story of memory transplantation that has been thought for thousands of years, which runs through Wan Li. The imagination is exquisite and vivid, and the joys and sorrows of memory transplantation are vividly on the paper, and its advantages and disadvantages are self-evident. ?
I stood on 10 Avenue in M City and stepped on the tram that had just stopped. A hand grabbed me invisibly, and a cold voice sounded in my ear: "Be quiet, it's good for you." It suddenly dawned on me: I was hijacked. ? The invisible hand pulled me into a laboratory ... a syringe was inserted into my arm, and I felt numb. The cold voice rang again: "Are you Dr. S? I am entrusted by expert B. It is useless to boycott your research results. " Then he appeared and took off his invisibility cloak. I gradually fell into a coma. In a trance, I feel my head cut open and my scalpel is shaking around my eyes ...? After waking up, I can't remember my research results of prolonging human life. I ran back to the lab like crazy, the lab was copied, I ran home, my house was ransacked, and all the information was gone. The news is on TV: "Now report B"
Experts' unparalleled research results, after decades of painstaking research by B experts, a technology to prolong human life has been released, which will increase human life to more than 200 years old, which is a great gospel for mankind. Therefore, expert B was nominated as the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine. "My lungs are burning with anger. ?
The next day, I went to the federal prosecutor's office and told the prosecutor angrily that I would accuse expert B of stealing the knowledge in my memory. Unexpectedly, the prosecutor said to the assistant beside him, "This is a madman. Get out of here ..."?
[brief comment]? This science fiction story is both exciting and exciting. In this article, the shortcomings of memory transplantation are not mentioned at all, but its concept is very clear. It is difficult to write such a work without considerable reading and writing ability. ?
3. openness. Judging from 1999 college entrance examination composition questions, there are few restrictions on writing, as long as the specific angles and writing methods can be varied on the premise of "if memory can be transplanted" ... except poetry, other styles are not limited. Therefore, the topic of this kind of composition is open, which is mainly reflected in the style, expression, time and space of the subject, the process of the plot, the outcome of the event and so on. Composition questions, students draw up by themselves; There are almost no stylistic restrictions except poetry, and narratives, argumentative essays, stories, novels, and miscellaneous feelings can be used. Can be used; The expression can be given priority to in some way, or it can be used comprehensively; You can imagine the subject matter boldly and strangely, and your thinking tentacles can extend to any corner and any field; From the results, once memory transplantation is successful, it will have a great impact on the optimization of human intelligence, the convenience of scientific research, the development of social history, production and the relationship between people. This gives students unlimited time and space to imagine, unlimited freedom to deal with the subject matter, and everyone has something to think about and talk about. This is the real open composition topic. ?
From the perspective of examination, we can also fully feel the necessity of "openness" in composition training. 1987, Shanghai college entrance examination question "the feeling of today fifty years ago". It should be said that this test is not difficult. Students have something to say after choosing the right angle, but the result of marking is surprising. Many students don't know that "Today" (1July 7th, 987) is the 50th anniversary of the Lugouqiao Incident and the full-scale outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, so we can only talk about him from Wang Gu's side. Some people know something, but they only know a little about it, so there is no "feeling" to send, or it is difficult to send "feeling".
(4) innovation. The key to composition innovation is to stimulate creative thinking and promote the development of creativity. In short, it is to let students have novel and unique ways of thinking. One of the characteristics of this way of thinking is originality, which dares to question "platitudes" or "perfect" things, and the other is linkage, that is, "thinking from one thing to another", being good at association, and immediately thinking about deep, negative or similar and related things after seeing a phenomenon; The third is multidirectional, that is, divergent thinking. Think by changing elements, turning and creating Excellence; Fourth, leap, that is, increase the span of thinking through imagination, transformation and association; The fifth is comprehensiveness, that is, convergent thinking ability, which synthesizes external information through intelligent compounding, thinking control and dialectical analysis. 1999 The composition "If Memory Can Be Transplanted" for college entrance examination is widely regarded as "refreshing" and "unexpected surprise" because it highlights innovative ideas and breaks the old pattern of conformism, and strongly responds to "If Memory Can Be Transplanted" just published one month before the college entrance examination (1999 June 13). In 2000, the composition of the spring college entrance examination in Beijing and Anhui was like this again:
When the first sunshine of the new millennium illuminates the earth where human beings live, looking back on the past century, we will be deeply moved by the great achievements and progress made by human beings in the 20th century, and at the same time feel uneasy about the troubles and crises suffered by human beings in the 20th century. For the better survival and development of mankind in the new century, Century Youth magazine has specially set up columns such as "Century Perception", "Century Exchange" and "Century Message" to collect manuscripts from young people across the century. Please write down what you want to say and face the stories and feelings of the new century.
Requirements: 1, with concrete content and rich imagination and association; 2. Except poetry, the style is not limited; 3. Self-made topics; 4, not less than 800 words.
The college entrance examination composition questions in the spring of 2000 fully showed the development direction of the college entrance examination composition proposition. Judging from the topic, the materials given are very extensive. In recent years, the national college entrance examination composition proposition mostly adopts the form of feeding, and the length and quantity of feeding are different. In 2000, the composition topic of the Beijing-Anhui Spring College Entrance Examination was still writing for materials, but the materials given only defined the scope of writing, gave students some hints, and established the purpose and content of the topic. This not only reduces the difficulty of composition examination, but also gives students a wide choice of materials. Composition tends to be open, which has just been verified by the composition questions of the national college entrance examination in 2000. Encouraging innovation is also a major feature of topic composition. Imagination in the face of the new century is an open topic, and we should also have an open mind in writing. Students can write from different angles. Looking back at the century, achievements and troubles coexist, and crisis and progress coexist. Students can indulge their imagination and give full play to their inner potential.