Wang Anshi was born in an official's family, and in the second year of Song Renzong's Qingli (142), he was the fourth scholar. In the third year of Jiayou (158), he wrote thousands of words to Song Renzong to criticize the current disadvantages and demand reform. In 169, when Song Shenzong was involved in political affairs, he introduced new reforms, such as the Young Crop Law, the Farmland Water Conservancy Law and the Levy Law. In 17, he was promoted to prime minister. Because the land reform in the new law affects the landlord class and related bureaucrats, the reform is strongly resisted by them. In the folk, because the reform is difficult to implement, it has an adverse impact on the lives of ordinary people and is hostile to the landlord class intellectuals. He has always had a bad image among the people. He was dismissed twice in 174 and 176. After Song Shenzong's death, Sima Guang, the former opposition (who was excluded because of his political disagreement with Wang Anshi), became prime minister, and almost all bills were abolished. After the failure of political reform, he retired to Jiangning (Nanjing, Jiangsu).
Lenin, the leader of Russian Communist Party in the 2th century, praised him as a "reformer in the 11th century".
Wang Anshi is a maverick. According to reports, he often goes out to meet people without washing and dressing, and when he is absorbed in reading, he will take something to eat at will, and he doesn't know when he eats fish food. It is generally believed that Su Xun's "On Distinguishing a Rape" alludes to Wang Anshi, in which he wrote: "A husband does not forget to wash his dirty face and wash his dirty clothes, and this person is also very affectionate. Today, it's not the same. I'm a servant, eating the food of dogs, and talking about poetry and books with my head in mourning. Is this also true? Su Shi and Wang Anshi have always been at odds. Wang Anshi is good at making amazing remarks, and Su Shi once wrote sarcastically. There are also many stories of two people fighting wits among the people.
Meng Jiao (751 ~ 814) was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. The word dongye. Wu Kang, Huzhou (now Deqing, Zhejiang) was born in Pingchang (now northeast of Linyi, Shandong). He lived in Luoyang (now Henan). Father Tingjun was born in the suburbs when he was a lieutenant in Kunshan County. Meng Jiao lived in poverty in his early years and traveled around Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi and other places. When Zhang Jianfeng in Zhenyuan town Xuzhou, the suburbs went to pay homage. 46 years old (45 years old), only to enter the Jinshi. Then return to the east and travel to Bianzhou (now Kaifeng, Henan) and Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). In the seventeenth year of Zhenyuan (81), he was appointed as the captain of Liyang. When he was in office, he did not attend to Cao affairs, and often took pleasure in writing poems, and was fined half a salary. At the beginning of Yuan and the beginning of Yuan Dynasty, Yin and Zheng Yuqing from Henan played for the land and water transportation in Henan Province, tried to help Langlang and settled in Luoyang. At the age of 6, he died because of his mother. Zheng Yuqing town prospered Yuan, and played as a staff officer and tried Dali to evaluate things. Jiao was invited to go to Gan Township (now Lingbao, Henan Province) and died of a sudden illness. Zhang Ji privately married Mr. Zhen Yao. People in the Tang Dynasty thought that Meng's poems were a kind of "Yuan He Ti", "Yuan He has fallen behind" and "Learning is too exciting for Meng Jiao" (Li Zhao's Supplement to the History of Tang Dynasty). At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Wei wrote The Poet's Subject-Object Diagram, regarding him as a "lonely and eccentric bitter master". Song poets Mei Yaochen and Xie Ao, and Qing poets Hu Tianyou, Jiang□ and Xu Chengyao were all influenced by him in writing. After Han Yu and Li Guan, there were Guan Xiu, Huang Tingjian, Fei Zhou, Pan Deyu, Liu Xizai, Chen Yan, Qian Zhen □, Xia Jingguan and so on. Those who hold derogatory views include Su Shi, Wei Tai, Yan Yu, Yuan Haowen and Wang□ Yun. Both he and Jia Dao are famous for their bitter songs. Su Shi called it "thin on a cold island" (Yu Wen in Sacrifice to Liu Zi), and later critics took Meng Jiao and Jia Dao as representatives of bitter poets. Yuan Haowen even ridiculed him as a "poet prisoner" (On Thirty Poems). The ten volumes of Meng Dongye's Poems, which were published by Song Minqiu in the Northern Song Dynasty, are now invisible in Huang Pilie's collection of Shu books in the Northern Song Dynasty. Lu Xinyuan's fine copy of the shadow of Jiguge in Song Dynasty belongs to Japan today. There are two popular books: Jigu Pavilion Book and Minke Zhu Mo Book. Photocopying of Four Series by Ye's Tibetan Minghong in Hangzhou. In 1959, People's Literature Publishing House published Hua Chen's revised Poems of Meng Dongye, with Meng Jiao's Chronicle and a compilation of his legacy. Annotations include Chen Yanjie's Notes on Meng Dongye's Poems and Xia Jingguan's Selected Notes on Meng Jiao's Poems. For deeds, please refer to Han Yu's Epitaph of Mr. Zhen Yao, the new and old biographies of Tang Shu, Xia Jingguan's Chronicle of Mr. Meng Dongye and Hua Chen's Chronicle of Tang Meng Jiao.
Wandering Poems
Author: Meng Jiao Age: Tang Style: Yuefu
the thread in the hands of a fond-hearted mother, makes clothes for the body of her wayward boy. Before departure, a needle was stitched together, afraid of the son came back late clothes damaged.
but how much love has the inch-long grass, won the third spring festival.
note:
1. inch of grass: the metaphor is very small.
2. Sanchunhui: Sanchun refers to Meng Chun, Zhongchun and Ji Chun in spring; Hui, sunshine; Describe maternal love as the warm sunshine in spring.
rhyme translation:
The kind mother has a needle and thread in her hand.
To make new clothes for children who travel far away.
Before leaving, she was busy sewing.
She was worried that the child would never come back.
who can say that a little filial piety like grass can
repay the kindness of loving mother like Chunhui?
Comment: This is an ode to maternal love. The poem eulogizes the great beauty of human nature-maternal love. In the first two sentences of the poem, the person written is mother and son, and the thing written is thread and clothes, but it points out the love of flesh and blood between mother and son. The middle two sentences focus on the actions and attitudes of loving mothers, showing the deep affection of mothers for their sons. Although there are no words and no tears, it is full of pure love, gripping and tearful. The last two sentences are the sublimation of the first four sentences. With the metaphor of popular images, we pin our fervent feelings on the childlike. How can we repay the children like spring maternal love and grass? The whole poem is full of rich and mellow poetic flavor in fresh and smooth, simple and plain language, which has touched the heartstrings of many readers for thousands of years and caused thousands of wanderers to sing.
Boarding Guazhou
Wang Anshi
Guazhou in Jingkou is a water room,
Zhongshan is only separated by several mountains.
The spring breeze is green in Jiang Nanan.
When will the bright moon shine on me?
[ Notes ]
1. Berthing: Stop the ship and dock.
2. Guazhou: On the north bank of the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province, south of Yangzhou City.
3. Jingkou: On the south bank of the Yangtze River, now Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province.
4. Zhongshan: It is now the Purple Mountain in Nanjing.
5. Weight: several floors.
6. green: green is blown.
7. also: it refers to returning home under the purple mountain.
[ Brief Analysis ]
This is a famous lyric poem, which expresses the poet's deep feelings of overlooking the south of the Yangtze River and missing his home.
The poem points out the poet's foothold with the theme of "Boating in Guazhou". The first sentence, "Jingkou Guazhou is a water room", describes the scenery in sight. The poet stood at Guazhou Ferry and looked south. He saw that Jingkou and Guazhou on the south shore were so close, separated by a river. From this, the poet thinks that Zhongshan, where his home is located, is only a few floors away, and it is not far away. The second sentence "Zhongshan is only separated by several mountains" implies the mood of the poet anxious to return. The third sentence also describes the scenery, pointing out that it is spring in season and depicting the scenery on the south bank of the Yangtze River. The word "green" means blowing green, and it is used in a wonderful way. Legend has it that Wang Anshi changed the word more than ten times to make good use of it, and finally chose the word "green" from more than ten verbs such as "to", "to", "to" and "to". Because other words only express the arrival of spring breeze, but they do not show the changes of a new green landscape on the banks of a thousand miles of rivers after the arrival of spring. At the end of the sentence "When will the bright moon shine on me?", the poet has been looking forward to it for a long time, but he doesn't realize that at the beginning of the bright moon, the poet imagines a picture of "the bright moon shines on me" with interrogative sentences, further expressing the poet's feelings of missing his home.
Literally, this poem shows nostalgia for my hometown, and I am eager to fly across the river to go home and reunite with my relatives. In fact, there is also a strong desire between the lines to return to the political arena and implement the New Deal.
this poem is a famous example of "the words are frequently changed, and the time is self-produced" ("Tong Meng Shi Xun").