The Surrounding of Gaixia-Sima Qian?
Original text:
Xiang Wang Jun's wall fell, Serenade ran out of food, and the Han army and vassal soldiers surrounded him. At night, when he heard that the Han army was besieged on all sides, Xiang Wang Nai was frightened and said, "Have the Han army gained Chu?" There are so many people in He Chu! " Xiang Wang gets up at night and drinks in the account. If you have a beauty, you will always be lucky; A fine horse is famous and often rides it. Therefore, Xiang Wang was a sad and generous poet, and wrote a poem for himself, saying, "If you pull up the mountains, you will be angry with the world, and when it is unfavorable, you will never die." What can I do if I don't die? " Songs count, beauty and it. The king of Xiang wept several times, and both sides wept, so he could not look up.
So King Xiang got on his horse and rode, with more than 8 strong men riding with him. He fled south in the night. Pingming, the Han army was aware of it, and ordered the rider Guan Ying to chase it with five thousand horses. King Xiang crosses the Huai River, and the rider can belong to more than 1 people. Xiang Wang went to the Yin Mausoleum and lost his way. He asked Tian Fu, who said, "Left." Left, it is trapped in osawa, so Han can catch up with it. Wang Naifu led his troops to the east and reached the east side, but there were 28 riders. There are thousands of Han riders. King Xiang, unable to escape, said that he was riding a horse: "I have been eight years old since I started my army, and I have fought more than 7 battles. I have been defeated by those who have been attacked, and I have never lost, so I have dominated the world." However, today's pawn is trapped here, and the death of me in this day is not a crime of war. Today, I am determined to die. I am willing to fight for you quickly, and I will win three times. I will break the siege, chop the generals and cut the flags for you, so that you can know that it is not a crime of war. " It is divided into four teams and four directions. The number of Han troops is heavy. King Xiang said that he rode, "I will take one for the public." Ride on all sides, and visit Shandong for three places. So the king of Xiang shouted, and the Han army was invincible, so he cut a general of Han. At the right time, Chiquan Hou chased Xiang Wang for riding a general, and Xiang Wang was angry and scolded him. Chiquan Hou was surprised by his troops and horses, and it was easy to make a few miles. Instead of riding, there are three places. The Han army did not know where Xiang Wang was, but divided the army into three and surrounded it. Wang Naichi, the king of Xiang, beheaded a captain of Han, killed hundreds of people, reunited his rider, and killed his two riders. It means that he rides: "What?" Riders all fell down and said, "As your majesty said!"
So Xiang Wang wanted to cross the Wujiang River eastward. The director of Wujiang Pavilion waited in the boat and said to Xiang Wang, "Although Jiangdong is small, the land is far away, and there are hundreds of thousands of people, which is enough for a king. May the king cross in a hurry. Today, the only minister has a boat, and the Han army has arrived, so there is no way to cross it. " King Xiang said with a smile, "What can I do if the sky dies?"! Besides, 8, people with Jiangdong's children crossed the river to the west, and none of them have returned today. How can I see them? If you don't say anything, is it worthwhile to be alone? " It is said that the director of the pavilion said, "I know the elders. I rode this horse when I was five years old, and I was invincible. I tried to travel thousands of miles a day and couldn't bear to kill it to give it to the public. " So all the riders dismounted and walked, and engaged with short soldiers. Hundreds of Han troops were killed by Duji. Xiang Wang was also hit by more than ten times. Gu Jian Han rode Sima Lv Matong and said, "What if it weren't for my old friend?" Stable boy said to Wang Yi, "This is also a king." Xiang Wang Nai said, "I heard that Han bought my head and daughter, and I am a good man." He killed himself.
Translation:
Xiang Yu's army camped under Gaixia, with fewer soldiers and no food. Liu Bang's Han army and the troops of Han Xin and Peng Yue were surrounded by layers. At night, when he heard the songs of Chu being sung around the Han army, Xiang Yu was shocked and said, "Did the Han army occupy Chu?" Otherwise, why are there so many Chu people in the Han army? " Xiang Yu got up overnight and went to the chancellorsville to drink. Looking back on the past, there was a beautiful concubine who was favored and accompanied by her, and there was a BMW that she often rode. So Xiang Yu made a generous lament and wrote his own poem: "When you pull up the mountain, you will be angry with the world, and when it is unfavorable, you will never die." What can I do if I don't die? " I sang many times, and Yu Ji sang with him. Xiang Yu shed several lines of tears, and the guards around him cried. No one could look up at Xiang Yu. ?
so Xiang Yu got on his horse, followed by more than 8 strong men. that night, he broke through from the south and fled with his horse. At dawn, the Han army realized it and ordered the cavalry general Guan Ying to lead five thousand cavalry to pursue Xiang Yu. When Xiang Yu crossed the Huaihe River, only more than 1 people could keep up with Xiang Yu's cavalry. Xiang Yu got lost when he walked to Yin Ling, so he asked a farmer for directions. The old farmer lied to him and said, "Turn left." Xiang Yu left and fell into a low-lying field, so he was caught up by the Han army again. Xiang Yu led his troops to the east again. By the time he arrived in Dongcheng, there were only 28 cavalry left, and there were thousands of Han cavalry chasing him. Xiang Yu himself estimated that he could not escape this time. His opponent said to the cavalry, "It has been eight years since I started fighting, and I have personally experienced more than 7 battles. All the enemies I resisted were defeated, and all the enemies I attacked were surrendered. I never failed, so I dominated the world. But today I'm finally trapped here. It's God who wants me to perish, not my mistake of fighting with soldiers. Today, of course, I am going to fight to the death. I am willing to fight happily for everyone, and I will win three times. I will highlight the encirclement for you, slay the Han generals, and cut down the handsome flag, so that everyone can know that this is the fate of God, not my mistake in fighting. " So he divided his entourage into four teams and headed in four directions. The Han army surrounded them layer by layer, and Xiang Yu said to his cavalry, "I'll cut him off for you again." Ordered four teams of cavalry to attack down together, and agreed to meet in three places on the east side of the mountain. So Xiang Yu shouted and rushed down, and the Han army was defeated and fled. Sure enough, he killed a general of the Han army. At this time, Hou Yangxi of Chiquan served as a cavalry general and was responsible for chasing Xiang Yu. Xiang Yu glared at him and drank heavily. Hou Yangxi of Chiquan panicked and retreated for several miles. Xiang Yu met his cavalry at three appointed places. The Han army didn't know where Xiang Yu was, so it divided the army into three parts and surrounded it again. Xiang Yu rushed out and beheaded another captain of the Han army, killing more than a hundred people. Assembling his cavalry again, he found that only two people were lost, so he asked his rider, "How's it going?" The cavalry all admired and said, "It's just like what you said!"
So Xiang Yu wanted to cross the Wujiang River eastward. The pavilion leader of Wujiang River waited for Xiang Yu by punting ashore. He said to Xiang Yu, "Although Jiangdong is small, there are thousands of miles of land in Fiona Fang, and hundreds of thousands of people are enough to be kings. Please hurry across the river. Now only I have a boat, and even if the Han army catches up with it, there is no boat to cross. " Xiang Yu smiled and said, "Heaven is going to kill me. Why should I cross the river? Besides, I, Xiang Yu, had led 8, children of Jiangdong to cross the Wujiang River and advance westward. Now, no one survived. Even if my elder brothers in Jiangdong loved me and made me king, how could I face them? Or even if they don't say it, don't I feel guilty in Xiang Yu? " Then he said to the pavilion director, "I know you are a loyal elder. I have been riding this horse for five years, and I am invincible. I have traveled thousands of miles every day. I can't bear to kill it and give it to you!" " So he ordered all the riders to dismount and walk, fighting with short and light swords in their hands. Xiang Yu alone killed hundreds of Han troops. Xiang Yu himself was injured in more than ten places. Suddenly I turned around and saw Lv Matong, a cavalry horse of the Han army, and said, "Aren't you an old friend of mine?" Lv Matong looked at Xiang Yu closely, pointed out that Xiang Yu showed it to Wang Yi and said, "This man is Xiang Yu." Xiang Yu said: "I heard that Hanwang offered a reward of 2, gold for my head and named it Wan Huhou. I will give you this benefit!" Then he committed suicide. Wang Ming took Xiang Wang's head, and other cavalry trampled on each other for Xiang Wang's body. Dozens of people were killed because of the struggle. Finally, the card shark rode Yang Xi, rode Sima Lv Matong, and the card shark Lv Sheng and Yang Wu each won a limb. Five people come together to put their limbs together, which is exactly right. Therefore, Xiang Yu's land was divided into five parts: Lv Matong was named Zhongshui Hou, Wang Ming was named Du Yanhou, Yang Xi was named Chiquan Hou, Yang Wu was named Wu Fanghou, and Lu Sheng was named Nie Yanghou.
Tai Shigong said: I heard from Zhou Sheng that "Shun's eyes are heavy pupils" and that Xiang Yu is also heavy pupils. Is Xiang Yu a descendant of Shun? Otherwise, why did you make such a sudden fortune! When the Qin Dynasty lost its politics of governing the country, Chen She first challenged it, and heroes swarmed in, vying for the world with each other, which was countless. However, Xiang Yu did not have a fief of any size, but took advantage of the situation to rise in the fields of Gansu. After three years, he led the army of the five princes to perish the Qin Dynasty and divide the world. However, all major policies were formulated by Xiang Yu, known as the "overlord". Although his position did not end well, it was unprecedented in recent times. It will be difficult for Xiang Yu to achieve great things when he leaves Guanzhong and thinks deeply, banishes the righteous emperor and stands on his own feet as king, and resents the princes for betraying themselves. He is proud of his own merits, acting according to his own ideas instead of imitating the ancient times, and thinks that the achievements of the overlord should be conquered by force to govern the world. Five years later, his country finally perished, and he died in Dongcheng, still unable to realize and blame himself. This is really a great mistake. Isn't it ridiculous that he used the excuse that "God wants to destroy me, not because of my mistakes in using soldiers"?
Notes:
Notes
1) Place: the land is a thousand miles away (the land is a thousand miles away in Fiona Fang)
2) Death: I was unlucky when I was running Mercedes-Benz, but I didn't die
3) Years old: I was eight years old since I started my army
4) Pity: I sympathized with my father and brother in the east of the Yangtze River, but I was king and me
.
7) wall: camp; It is used as a verb here, that is, to camp.
8) Songs sung in Chu dialect are heard in all directions. Metaphor means that many Chu people have surrendered to Han.
9) Fortunately, I was favored and followed by Xiang Yu.
1) zhuī: a horse with black and white coat. Here is a horse named after its coat color.
11) generosity: indignation and passion.
12) What will you do? If, you.
13) què: several times. The end of the music is called que.
14) mo: nobody.
15) Riding (j √): noun, one person and one horse are riding.
16) Subordinate: Subordinate.
17) straight night: that night. Straight, preposition, when.
18) Break through the encirclement.
19) Pingming: At dawn.
2) Riders: cavalry who can follow. A subordinate.
21) yinling: a place name in Qin dynasty, in the northwest of Dingyuan county, Anhui province.
22) Tian Fu: Farmer
23) dài: It's the same as "Fu" in ancient times, cheating and cheating.
24) Dongcheng: the place name of Qin Dynasty, which is in the southeast of Dingyuan County, Anhui Province.
25 degrees (duó): guess, estimate.
26) take off: get away.
27) body: attend in person.
28) The person you are dealing with: the enemy you encounter.
29) Taste: Zeng.
defeat: defeat, defeat.
31) pawn: finally.
32) solid: definitely, definitely.
33) Quick Fight: Fight a good fight.
34) mow (y): cut, chop.
35) Four directions: all directions.
36) period: agreed.
37) Shandong: East of the mountain.
38) is three places: it means gathering in three places.
39) invincible: like grass falling with the wind, it describes the appearance of shock, collapse and chaos.
Sima Qian described his character from different angles and levels through three scenes, namely, the siege of Gaixia, the quick battle in Dongcheng and the strangulation in Wujiang, which showed that he was affectionate with his children and brave and good at fighting when Dongcheng was besieged. There are both the ignorance and conceit of Yin Ling who lost his way and lost to heaven, and the shame and kindness of Wujiang who refused to cross the river, gave Ma Tingchang and gave his head to an old friend.
The Surrounding of Gaixia describes the last career of Xiang Yu, a tragic hero, and mainly shows his heroic demeanor when he failed. Through the description of three scenes, namely, the siege of Gaixia, the quick battle in Dongcheng and the suicide of Wujiang River, the author depicts his character from many angles and at many levels, which is not only affectionate to farewell my concubine, but also brave and good at fighting when Dongcheng is besieged. There are both the ignorance and conceit of Yin Ling who lost his way and lost to heaven, and the shame and kindness of Wujiang who refused to cross the river, gave Ma Tingchang and gave his head to an old friend. The author is also good at artistic processing of historical facts, and has written many vivid and vivid details, such as the sorrowful elegy of the ages, the chance of life and death of "Tian Fu said", the shame of being ashamed of one's parents, and the last act of giving a gift to Ma Ci-tou, which makes this article reach a magnificent and tragic aesthetic realm and make people feel sad when reading it.
For the detailed translation course, please refer to the comments of Baidu Encyclopedia: Web links
Teaching video reference: Web links.