Huang Xing should be relatively famous in modern times
In 1902, he went to Japan to study, studied at the accelerated normal course of Tokyo Komon College, and participated in the founding of the magazine "Hunan Study Tour Translation and Compilation", organizing "Hunan Compilation and Compilation Society" introduces Western science and culture. In April 1903, in order to oppose Tsarist Russia's refusal to withdraw troops from the Northeast, he and more than 200 students studying in Japan organized the Anti-Russian Volunteer Team (later renamed the Student Army and the Military National Education Association). He later returned to Japan as an athlete of the Military National Education Association. After returning to Changsha, he taught at Mingde, Xiuye ??and other schools, and secretly carried out anti-Qing revolutionary activities. On November 4, 1903 (September 16), in the name of his thirtieth birthday, he invited more than 20 people including Chen Tianhua, Song Jiaoren, Zhang Ji, Liu Kuiyi, and Zhang Xingyan to discuss the establishment of a secret revolutionary group. Huaxing Hui, and was later elected president. He proposed the strategy of launching an attack first in Hunan to win response from various provinces, and decided to start with the liaison army, academic circles and the Party, preparing to take the opportunity to revolt on the 70th birthday of Empress Dowager Cixi. The incident was revealed, and Huang Xing and others were forced to flee to Japan. In Tokyo, he strongly supported Sun Yat-sen in organizing the National League of Revolutionary Groups.
In August 1905, the Tongmenghui was established and he was elected as a general (equivalent to associate director) and became an important leader in the Tongmenghui after Sun Yat-sen. After that, he devoted his main energy to the armed uprising, personally took charge of the recruitment of army students studying in Japan, and selected some staunch elements from them to form a tight-knit group "Husband Group" to prepare forces for armed struggle. From 1907 to 1908, he participated in or commanded the Qinzhou and Fangcheng uprisings, the Zhennanguan (today's Friendship Pass) uprising, the Qinzhou, Lianzhou, Shangsi uprisings and the Battle of Hekou in Yunnan.
In the autumn of 1909, appointed by Sun Yat-sen, he went to Hong Kong to establish the Southern Branch of the Tongmenghui and planned the Guangzhou New Army Uprising. After the uprising failed, Sun Yat-sen convened the "Bineng Conference" and decided to use all the party's manpower and material resources to hold another uprising in Guangzhou. In early 1911, a general coordination department to lead the uprising was established in Hong Kong, with Huang Xing as its minister. On April 27 (March 29), he launched the Huanghuagang Uprising. He led a death squad of more than a hundred people to storm the governor's office of Guangdong and Guangxi. Many revolutionaries died heroically. Huang Xing's right hand was injured and two fingers were lost. After the failure of the uprising, he recuperated in Hong Kong and supported Song Jiaoren, Tan Renfeng and others in establishing the Central Committee of the Tongmenghui in Shanghai. The Wuchang Uprising broke out on October 10. Huang Xing rushed to Wuhan on the 28th and was appointed as the wartime commander-in-chief of the revolutionary army. He led the people's army to fight against the Qing army on the Hanyang front for more than 20 days. After the fall of Hanyang on November 27, he moved to Shanghai. After the liberation of Nanjing, the conference of representatives of independent provinces first elected him as generalissimo, and later he was changed to deputy marshal to act as generalissimo, but he did not take up the post.
On January 1, 1912, the Nanjing Provisional Government was established and he served as the Army Chief and Chief of Staff. After Yuan Shikai stole power, the provisional government moved north. On March 31, Yuan appointed Huang Xing to stay in Nanjing and preside over the reorganization of the southern armies. Due to lack of military pay, the army mutinied and was laid off in large numbers. On June 14, Nanjing's stay-at-home order was cancelled, and he retreated to Shanghai. On June 30, he attended the summer regular meeting of the Shanghai branch of the Tongmenghui and expressed his political opinions, saying that half a year after the founding of the Republic of China, everything was not ready, "the reason is that the political party has not been established", and emphasized the need to implement the Three People's Principles, especially the People's Livelihood Principle. On August 25, the Tongmenghui united with the United Communist Party and the Party and reorganized into the Kuomintang, and Huang Xing was elected as a director. In December, he accepted the post of supervisor of Hanchuan Railway appointed by Yuan Shikai and resigned soon after.
In March 1913, Yuan Shikai sent people to assassinate Song Jiaoren, acting chairman of the Kuomintang. Sun Yat-sen advocated an immediate attack on Yuan, while Huang Xing advocated legal settlement because the southern provinces were not unified, their troops were weak, and they lacked confidence in attacking Yuan. In early July, Sun Yat-sen held another military meeting in Shanghai and decided to launch an army to attack Yuan. Huang Xing agreed. When the Second Revolution broke out, Huang Xing forced Jiangsu Governor Cheng Dequan to declare independence in Nanjing. Huang was promoted as the commander-in-chief of Jiangsu's army against Yuan. The "Second Revolution" failed quickly, and Sun Yat-sen, Huang Xing and many key members of the Kuomintang went into exile in Japan again. Sun Yat-sen summed up the lessons learned from the failure and blamed Huang Xing.
In 1914, Sun Yat-sen reorganized the Kuomintang into the Chinese Revolutionary Party in Japan. Party members were required to press their fingerprints when joining the party and swear to obey Sun Yat-sen's orders. Huang Xing disagreed with Sun's party formation and refused to join. In the summer of the same year, he left Japan and lived in the United States. When Yuan Shikai restored the imperial system, he propagandized against Yuan among overseas Chinese in the United States and raised military pay for the national defense army. After Yuan Shikai's death, he returned to Shanghai in July 1916 and restored his former close relationship with Sun Yat-sen. Passed away due to illness on October 31 in Shanghai. He is the author of "Huang Xing Collection" and so on.