First, from the perspective of the distance between scenery and emotion.
1, moved the scene
Chunsi
Lipper
The grass in your north is as blue as jade,
Our mulberries bend branches with green threads here.
Finally, you want to go home,
Now when my heart is about to break.
Spring breeze, because I dare not know you,
Why did you separate the silk curtain beside my bed?
Li Bai has many poems describing the psychology of thinking about women, and spring thinking is one of them. The word "spring" in China's classical poems is usually a pun: it refers to both spring and the love between men and women. The word "spring" in the poem "Spring Thoughts" contains these two meanings. This poem is no different from Yan Qin's spring scenery, and it is far apart. It's sad to think of a woman and a distant husband. She rebuked the spring breeze, which was just right. The whole poem profoundly expresses all kinds of complicated feelings, describes Sifu's yearning for her husband, and shows her noble sentiment of loyalty to her love and constancy. It's a touch. Meng Haoran's Spring Dawn is simple in image. The poet just heard birds singing in the early morning of spring, and suddenly thought of whether the wind and rain last night blew off the spring flowers, which naturally revealed the feeling of cherishing spring. It implies the poet's affirmation and praise for seclusion. Under the touch of the scene, emotion constitutes the artistic conception and forms the tension structure with infinite charm.
2. Lyric by scenery (lyrical by scenery)
When a poet feels something about a scene or an objective thing, he entrusts his feelings and thoughts to the scene to express it, and expresses it through the description of the scene and the object. This lyric way is called borrowing scenery or borrowing things to express his feelings. In China's ancient poems, pines, bamboos, plums, orchids, rocks, streams, deserts, ancient roads, border crossings, sunset, jathyapple, cool breeze, drizzle and weeds are often the objects for poets to express their feelings. For example, Bai Juyi's "The Mountain Fire is Unfinished, and the Spring Breeze is High" expresses its irresistible natural law with the tenacious struggle of "the grass on the original".
Some lyric poems about scenery do not take the scenery described as the main body of the poem, but focus on expressing the poet's thoughts and feelings arising from the scenery described, and even describe the poet's thoughts and feelings arising from touching the scenery, shaping the poet's own image, creating artistic conception and expressing the theme. For example, when Xin Qiji had a blowhole in Ganzhou, facing the flowing water of the Ganjiang River, he remembered the old shame of the country and fondled the difficulties of state affairs, and wrote Bodhisattva Man:
How many pedestrians shed tears in the middle of Qingjiang River in Yugutai. Looking at Chang 'an in the northwest, there are countless poor mountains. ? Castle peak can't cover up, after all, it flows east. In the evening, the river is gloomy and there are partridges in the mountains.
When I first saw the flowing water of the Ganjiang River under Yugu stage, I couldn't help thinking of the southern nomads who invaded and killed the people in exile. I feel that the flowing water is full of the blood and tears of the exiled people. Combined with the scenery, express your thoughts and feelings: "Looking at Chang 'an in the northwest, lamenting countless mountains", lamenting that great rivers and mountains are still occupied by the enemy; Castle peak can't be covered, after all, it flows eastward. "There are patriots in grief and indignation, and it is difficult to pull down the country; The river is worried at night, and the mountain is deeply aware of the partridge. "It's really hard to worry about state affairs. It can be seen that the poet's inner image is national humiliation and worrying about the country and the people, creating a gloomy and boundless artistic conception and expressing his deep patriotic feelings and resentment towards the corrupt and incompetent rulers of the Southern Song Dynasty.
3. Landscape design based on emotion
Su Dongpo said that Wang Wei was "painting in poetry and poetry in painting". "Painting in Poetry" is a landscape created by emotion; "Poetry in painting" is the feeling in the scene. The former should be good at choosing and depicting scenes suitable for expressing their thoughts and feelings, while the latter should express their thoughts and feelings through vivid pictures. The unity of form and spirit is what people often say. Liu Zongyuan's famous poem "Jiang Xue" is a very representative example: "There are no birds in a hundred mountains, and there are no footprints in a thousand paths. A boat, a bamboo cloak, an old man fishing in the cold river-snow ",this poem is like a beautiful landscape painting-a picture of fishing alone in the cold river, which makes the picture of snow flying in the cold river and fishing alone very vivid, making people feel that the snow is all over the ground and the north wind is threatening, but the fisherman is willing to fish alone in a harsh and lonely environment; This is a hint of the author's situation and mood at that time. The author was exiled because he failed to participate in political reform. This photo shows his unyielding ambition in a bad political environment. This is "there is a picture in the poem and a poem in the picture". At first glance, I may think that this is just a plain landscape painting, but the more I appreciate it carefully, the more I think it is meaningful and far-reaching in artistic conception.
Step 4 feel the scenery
In this way, it is an indirect and implicit lyric way to integrate feelings into specific natural scenery or life scenes and express feelings by describing these natural scenery or scenes. For example, Du Fu's "Good rain knows the season, when spring comes." Sneaking into the night with the wind, moistening things silently ",the scenery contains the joy of spring rain; Liu Yong's "Where to Wake Up from Drunk Tonight, Yang Liuan, the Wandering Moon" contains the poet's sadness and hatred in the description of the scenery. Generally speaking, scenery and affection in poetry refer to scenery, and affection refers to human feelings. Emotion is the key to scenery. If there is no sincere, profound, full and intense emotion, then the scenery it depicts is just a landscape painting without artistic processing. Therefore, when students master this skill, they should carefully consider the relationship between emotion and scenery contained in poetry.
Wang Changling's "Parting Xin Qiji at Furong Inn" (entering Wu on a cold rainy night, leaving Fujian alone.
Friends, if my friends in Luoyang invite me; Just say I'm still Bing Xin Okho, and stick to my faith! ) This is a farewell poem. The conception of the poem is novel, which describes the parting feelings of friends and rewrites its own integrity. The first two sentences, the boundless river rain and the solitary hanging Chushan, set off the loneliness when bidding farewell; The last two sentences compare themselves to curling to express their open mind and strong character. The whole poem is full of emotion, scene blending, meaningful meaning and endless charm.
5. Scenes blend together
Scenery blending is an indirect and implicit lyric way. It combines feelings in specific natural scenery or life scenes and expresses feelings by describing these natural scenery or scenes. Whether the scene blends is a sign to judge whether the classical poetry has artistic conception; Whether there is artistic conception is also a sign to judge whether classical poetry is excellent or not. Such as Zhang Kejiu's "[double tone] Qingjiang Yin Yin? Qiu Huai: Xifeng came to Wan Li and asked me if I would come back. Wild geese crow in red leaves, people get drunk in yellow flowers, and banana rains in Qiu Meng. The poet firmly grasped the meaning of the topic and painted a bleak autumn scenery with west wind, wild geese, red leaves, yellow flowers, plantains and the sound of rain. And because of the arrival of the "west wind", it is related to the uncertainty of "return date"; Because of The Sound of Banana Rain, I was worried about fame and fortune, tossing and turning. Every sentence is a description of the scenery, and every sentence is the unity of lyricism, emotion and scenery.
Such as the following poem.
Listen to the flute at night in Yili surrender city
Before returning to Lefeng, the sand was like snow, and the moon outside the city was like frost.
I don't know where the bleak reed flute blows and I look at my hometown all night.
The first two sentences of this poem use figurative rhetoric to describe the scenery. The first sentence says that the desert in front of the beacon tower is like snow, the second sentence says that the moonlight outside the city is like frost, which creates a desolate, cold and bleak environment, showing the loneliness of life in the frontier, and the third and fourth sentences cleverly set the situation to express homesickness. The whole poem is mixed with scenes and deeply expresses the theme.
Second, look at scenery and emotion from the perspective of emotional color.
In general, it is the happy scene of Syaraku's feelings, and the sad scene expresses sadness, but there are also ways to write the sad scene with the happy scene, or write the sad scene with Syaraku's feelings.
1, enjoy the feelings of Syaraku.
Meng Jiao's After Graduation: "In the past, it was not boastful enough, but now it is debauchery. Spring breeze is proud of horseshoe disease, and you can see Chang' an flowers in one day. " The last two sentences of the poem vividly describe the poet's high spirits and express his triumphant pride. The beauty of these two sentences lies in emotion and scenery, which vividly depicts the poet's proud scene of galloping on Chang 'an Road with blooming spring flowers.
(Song) In "The Song of the Wind (The Wine Shop)": "Long spring fee, drunk by the lake every day. Yu Qian used to know West Lake Road and was arrogant in front of the restaurant. Singing and dancing in the fragrance of red apricots, swinging in the green Yang Ying. The spring breeze is ten miles beautiful, and the flowers on the head are biased. The original boat carries the spring home, and I pay for the lake smoke. Help the drunkard tomorrow and find the flowers on strangers. " It says here that when the spring is bright, among the apricot blossoms and poplars, tourists take a boat trip, drink, sing and dance. Let readers fully feel the joy of spring outing.
2. Write a sad mood with a happy scene.
For example, the metabolism of the Tang Dynasty was rather muddy, and "Xie Ting Farewell" said: "When my brother misinterpreted the boat, the red leaves and green hills rushed. It's still far from waking up at sunset, and it's raining down the west building. " The beautiful and poetic scenery of the first "Red Leaves and Castle Peak" in the League reflects the poet's feelings of leaving sorrow and not hating. "Jiang Zhai Shi Hua" said: "Write sorrow with happy scenes, mourn Syaraku with sad scenes, and its sorrow and joy are multiplied."
3. Write a sad mood with a happy scene.
In China's classical poems, the scenery sometimes reflects psychology from a negative angle. Using the contradiction between sad mood and its instantaneous beautiful atmosphere, sad feelings are written in a happy scene, but good artistic effects can be achieved. For example, Yuan Zhen's Palace:
In the empty and desolate old palace, there is only the lonely brilliant red of Hua Gong.
Several white-haired footmen were sitting around talking about the emperor of the Tang Dynasty.
This poem uses this technique. What the poem wants to express is a sad mood, but it deliberately depicts the red palace flower. Red flowers usually show lively scenes and set off happy emotions, but they play an important role in setting off here: the blooming red flowers set off sparse palaces and strengthen the sense of ups and downs that change with time; The red flowers in spring set off the white hair of ladies-in-waiting, showing the feelings of life that beauty is easy to get old; The beauty of safflower contrasts with the sad mood, which highlights the sad mood of the maid-in-waiting being confined. Red flowers have played a great role here. This is to use the contradiction between good scenery and bad mood to highlight the central idea, that is, Wang Fuzhi's "Jiang Zhai Shi Hua" said "writing sorrow with joy", which doubled his sorrow. Bai Juyi's "Shang Yang White Haired Man", "Gong Ying is worried about happiness, and Yan Liang is jealous in both places", which can also be said to be based on happiness. However, Bai Juyi's writing directly reveals the contradiction between music and sadness, while Yuan Zhen's Palace is a more subtle contrast with music and has more aftertaste.
In addition, such as Qin Guan's Millennium: "Outside the sand by the water, the spring city is cold. Liu Ying's flowers, the lightness turns, are heard too fast and too thin. Oh, wandering alone, worrying that the wine is getting thinner, it is rare to get drunk. Missing day after day, body and mind have been burned to ashes. Recalling yesterday's Xichihui, Heron Qi Fei. Hand in hand, who is here today? Ah, the ship goes around the sun and the moon, and the dream is broken, only the bronze mirror, and the blushing face is gone. Spring goes and spring comes, flying red like the sea. " The last two sentences are written in the form of flowers shaking warblers, which are vivid and accurate. The words "chaos" and "broken" are used to describe many flowers, but also convey the confusion and vacillation of the poet's mood. It can be said that writing sad feelings with happy scenes gives people a sad feeling. Du Fu's quatrains: "The Jiangbi birds are too white, and the mountains are blue and white. I saw it again this spring. When is the year of return? " The whole poem expresses the feeling of being stranded in a foreign land. The poet reveals the sadness of homesickness through the fresh and beautiful description of spring scenery, and expresses the sadness with music scenes, which has a unique charm.
4. Write a sad mood with a sad scene.
Liu Zongyuan's "The Leaves of the Banyan Tree in Liuzhou": "The official feelings are melancholy, and spring and half autumn are fast. The mountain city is full of rain, and the banyan trees are full of leaves. " Liu Zongyuan's My Topic is a work that combines things with my feelings. When the poet wrote this poem, as a guest, he was far away in a foreign land, with an independent courtyard and a bunch of feelings. The poet saw the unusual autumn scenery in February in spring, and his poems "follow things" and "swim with the heart". The world in the eyes is in harmony with the sad and confused feelings in the heart.
(Tang) Jiang Wei's "Title of Jinling Map": The rain falls on the river and the grass is neat, and the birds in the Six Dynasties are like dreams. Ruthlessness is a willow in Taicheng, but it is still a smoke cage. The poet was very sad to see the scene of the rain clearing, the grass growing and the warblers flying, and the desolation and decline in front of him. He thought that the extravagance of the Six Dynasties had passed away like a dream. But when he came to Taicheng, he saw that ten miles away, the spring was bright, catkins were flying and smoke cages were lingering. He thinks that the natural scenery is still so beautiful, and the personnel are all wrong. The glory of the past is gone forever, and there is another sadness. Therefore, this little poem has both background and contrast. In this way, the combination of the two enhances the appeal and effect of the poem, which is a very successful work.
(Song) Fan Zhongyan's "Fisherman's Passion" (Qiu Si): "The scenery in Qiu Lai is different, and Hengyang geese leave inadvertently. The four sides are connected with each other. Thousands of miles away, the long smoke closes. A glass of turbid wine is Wan Li's home, but Ran Yan hasn't come home yet. The pipe strength is covered with frost. People are not sleepy, and the general has white hair and tears. " At that time, Fan Zhongyan was sent to Yan 'an to guard the border and defend Xixia. This word is his personal experience. Xiaxia, Autumn, Biansheng, Zhang Qian, Long Smoke, Sunset, Lonely City and Guanqiang are all bleak and bleak, full of cold air. What you have seen and heard gives people a sad feeling. The general and the recruiter left home in Wan Li, and when they saw the geese flying beyond the Great Wall, they heard the sad sound and Qiang Guan, hoping for a great victory. However, if the war situation has not progressed for a long time, it is inevitable to miss my hometown and dream of my wife and children. Patriotic passion and strong homesickness are intertwined, which constitutes their complex and contradictory feelings. The sad scenes written in the ci fully fit people's ambivalence at that time, and the scenes blended, making the artistic conception of the whole ci desolate and tragic.