Why should Guangdong Hakkas be called Hakkas and not others?

(1) \xd\ endless Hakkas, where are your roots? Hakkas looking for their ideal homes, where is your paradise? The vast Central Plains, surging the Yellow River, crashing on the shore and roaring; Brilliant China, a vast country, has a long history and is profound. The Yellow River water surges and runs in the blood of Hakka people. The Central Plains is the hometown of Hakkas, where there are roots of Hakkas! The promised land of Hakkas is at their feet. Full of vigor and vitality, Hakka people can open up a new world wherever they go! \xd\ The Chinese nation is a great nation. Hakka is an outstanding branch of the Chinese nation. Hakka ancestors used to be the cradle of Chinese civilization-the Han people in the Jianghuai Valley of the Yellow River. From the Tang and Song Dynasties, due to natural disasters and wars, they moved to the south in large numbers. They first took root in the vast mountainous area at the junction of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi, and then spread to southern provinces and overseas. Now there are tens of millions of Hakkas in more than 7 countries and regions around the world. People often say: "Where there is the sun, there are Chinese, and where there are Chinese, there are Hakkas." Hakka has become one of the most widely distributed and far-reaching ethnic groups in the world today. \xd\ Nationalities and ethnic groups. Nation refers to all kinds of people in different stages of social development, such as primitive nation, ancient nation and modern nation. At the same time, there are other widely used, such as the Chinese nation, the Arab nation and so on. The concept of clan system is a new term invented by Luo Xianglin, an expert in Hakka studies, for studying Hakka in 193s. Its connotation is each independent branch or unit within the same nation. Today, the concept of various ethnic groups within the Han nationality has almost become a professional term in academic circles. \xd\ Today, the Hakkas in China are mainly distributed in Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Hunan, Guangxi, Taiwan Province and other provinces; Hakkas abroad are mainly distributed in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, the Philippines and other countries and regions. In the history of the development of the Chinese nation, the development of the Yangtze River valley and the triangle of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi by Hakka ancestors and their descendants had an immeasurable impact on the economic and cultural prosperity of South China, the development and expansion of the Han family, and the spread and development of Chinese culture and Central Plains civilization. Since modern times, Hakka ancestors have also played an important role in promoting economic and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. In the modern history of China, outstanding sons and daughters of Hakkas came forth in large numbers, fought bravely for national independence and national liberation, and wrote an epic and glorious historical chapter. In today's wave of world development, Hakkas are still elegant and have made great achievements. \xd\ Hakka clan does not exist since ancient times. From the fact that Hakka people are called "Hakka" but call themselves "Hakka", we can see that Hakka people are the product of historical immigrants. Migration-emigration-re-migration-re-emigration, Hakka ancestors experienced hardships. With its unique way of life and tenacious vitality, Hakkas have created their own unique cultural traditions and vast social areas, thus becoming a special ethnic group of the Han nationality with a large population, wide distribution and talented people. \xd\ So, what is a Hakka? It can be said that Hakka is an important ethnic group of the Han nationality; Hakkas are a unique and stable group of Han people. The gathering place of Hakkas is the triangle of southern Jiangxi, western Fujian and eastern Guangdong (there are 29 pure Hakka counties here, which are the base camp of Hakkas). Hakka dialect is the unique language of Hakka people. Hakka people have special Hakka culture and customs; Hakka people have a unique Hakka spirit. To sum up, Hakkas are a unique and stable ethnic group of the Han nationality formed due to historical reasons. They have the same interests and a unique and stable Hakka language, culture, folk customs and emotional mentality (that is, Hakka spirit). Anyone who meets the above stable characteristics can be called a Hakka. \xd\ (2) \xd\ Hakkas, this is a pronoun full of wandering and weather-beaten sufferings, and the migration process of Hakkas is full of blood, tears and bitterness; Hakkas, which is synonymous with the glory of hard work and pioneering, have created the famous Hakka spirit and culture through hardships-their glory and brilliance are worthy of being proud of. \xd\ When the Hakka ancestors traveled around and finally found this base camp in the border areas of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi, they were regarded as "guests" by other ethnic groups around them, that is, "outsiders". The Hakka people who are always guests and everywhere are not only called "guests" but also call themselves "guests", showing their generosity and openness. It is this kind of magnanimous and open-minded spiritual quality that the Hakkas can be "home when they are in another country", and can integrate the indigenous people in the triangle of southern Jiangxi, western Fujian and eastern Guangdong, and finally form a unique and excellent Hakka family. The formation process of Hakka clan is also the process of the formation, development and growth of the Chinese nation. Hakka is an outstanding member of the Chinese nation. Learning and understanding the formation process of Hakka clan will help Hakka descendants to have a deeper understanding of the historical footprint of the Chinese nation and enhance their sense of historical responsibility and mission to the country and the nation. \xd\ The formation of Hakka clan and the origin of Hakka appellation \xd\ What is Hakka clan \xd\ In the long history of thousands of years, Hakka ancestors were always in a state of mobility. Migration and re-migration are the important characteristics of the formation of Hakka people, and when other people have basically settled down, Hakka people are still moving around in search of an ideal home. It was the great migration of the Central Plains civilization that formed a unique and excellent clan. \xd\ So, what is the Hakka clan? The so-called Hakka clan is a branch within the same body of the Han nationality. After a long-term migration, it finally arrived and settled in the border areas of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi, and formed a group with unique dialects, customs and other cultural phenomena different from other ethnic groups around it. \xd\ Criteria for the formation of Hakka clan. First, Hakka dialect. One of the basic and most important aspects that distinguishes Hakkas from non-Hakkas is language. Hakka dialect is not only the symbol of Hakka becoming a Hakka, but also the cohesive bond of Hakka people's self-identity. Specifically, the most direct and simplest reason why a Hakka recognizes another Hakka as his own group is that both sides speak the same Hakka dialect, not because of the same region and blood relationship. Second, the important cultural phenomena in the base camp area. The so-called cultural phenomenon refers to the deep cultural things that are closely related to people's daily life and directly or indirectly reflected in people's daily behavior. Such as folklore, religion, life philosophy, value orientation, psychological feelings and so on. The research results of contemporary cultural anthropology show that the self-identity between different groups (groups, genera, etc.) of human beings is mainly a cultural phenomenon, in addition to these congenital factors such as race and descent. \xd\ Hakka's base camp \xd\ The triangle of Gannan, western Fujian and eastern Guangdong is Hakka's base camp. The traffic jam in the base camp area is full of hills and mountains in the triangle, which is the concentrated place of the southeast hills. Here Wuyi Mountain and Nanling Mountain meet, forming a natural barrier separating the Central Plains from the southeast coast. It is in the heart of this natural barrier that three great rivers, Ganjiang River, Tingjiang River and Meijiang River, have been bred. On both sides of these three rivers and their numerous tributaries, small basins are dotted. Hakka ancestors migrated from north to south and finally found an ideal place to stay. Small basins here, after generations of hard development and construction by Hakkas, have formed a series of busy market towns and smoky villages. \xd\ Before the Hakkas came, the triangle of Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong was a primeval forest with few people and wild animals. In the mountains of this wilderness, there are local aborigines such as Baiyue, She nationality and Yao nationality. These ethnic minorities are backward in culture, in the wild era of slash and burn, and their productivity level is extremely low. A large number of Hakkas moved south, which brought vigorous vitality to this desolate and magical land. Hakkas brought the seeds of crops, advanced farming techniques and building techniques from the Central Plains. They cut down trees to reclaim land, build dams to cultivate fields, turn small basins or gentle slopes into patches of minefields or terraces, build ditches and slopes, and divert water to irrigate fields, making the silent mountains picturesque. Shan Ye, once desolate and isolated, has become noisy, and the level of productivity has been greatly improved. Hakka people open roads on every mountain and bridge roads when they meet water, and villages are connected by winding paths or thoroughfares. Some large villages with concentrated population have formed bazaars. In this way, the Hakkas brought the excitement into the valleys, the prosperity into the hinterland, and the civilization into the desolate Shan Ye. The pioneering work of Hakka ancestors in the triangle of southern Jiangxi, western Fujian and eastern Guangdong shows their spirit of diligence, courage and hard work, and their courage to fight against the dangerous environment. It is by this spirit and courage that we have forged a strong and unyielding and outstanding people. \xd\ "The birds are nostalgic for the old forest, and the fish in the pond miss their hometown". Hakkas have not forgotten the Han culture in the Central Plains. First, they insisted on speaking "Awei dialect" (the mother tongue of the Central Plains), and absorbed and integrated the local dialect, forming a relatively independent and self-contained Hakka dialect that preserved the phonology of the Central Plains. Secondly, they inherit and carry forward the benevolent spirit of Confucianism in ruling the world with benevolence and righteousness, dissolve the wariness and hostility of local aborigines, educate and assimilate them, and integrate local aborigines into Hakka people. Third, they actively spread the culture of the Central Plains. They actively run schools and develop education, and a group of Hakka intellectuals are born and raised in the ravine. \xd\ Hakka ancestors helped the old and took care of the young, shouldered the civilization of the Central Plains, smashed the thorns, smashed the blue wisps of roads, fought the rapids, crossed the Yellow River and the Yangtze River, crossed the southern ridge of Wuyi, took root in the triangle of Gannan, western Fujian and eastern Guangdong, cultivated men and wove women, developed production, lived and worked in peace and contentment, and sowed civilization, showing a vivid and wonderful self-sufficient cultural map of farming and reading. At this point, a Hakka clan with remarkable characteristics has been formed, which has a continuous relationship with the Han nationality in the Central Plains in terms of language, people's feelings, customs and culture. Then, Hakka traveled to Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou, crossed the Strait, spread all over the world, and developed into an outstanding ethnic group with a large population and far-reaching influence in the world. Huang Zunxian, a famous poet in the late Qing Dynasty, said: "The road and the peach arc have moved around, and the south has been far away for more than a thousand years. The dialect fully proves the original rhyme, and the manners and customs still remain three generations ago." The poem refers to the historical fact that Hakka ancestors left their homeland in the Central Plains, went through hardships and hardships, moved to Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi, and then developed to southern provinces and overseas. \xd\ Origin of Hakka appellation \xd\ The formation of Hakka clan in the triangle of Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong has made the southeast corner of Chixian county dazzling and full of vitality. The mysterious and colorful Hakka base camp proudly announces to the world that there are a group of people with Chinese blood in their veins, who are working hard to sow and cultivate Chinese civilization. The name of this group of people is "Hakka". \xd\ So, how did the name of Hakka come from? Wang Li, a well-known linguist, believes in Chinese Rhymes that "Hakka means' guest' or' outsider', so Hakka is a foreigner." It can be seen that Hakka is a kind of symmetry relative to the "master" (indigenous people), and Hakka's "guest" means the meaning of outsiders. "Being a guest makes you feel at home", and those who are a guest in another country and take it as their home are called Hakka. \xd\ The word "Hakka" generally reflects the historical opportunity of Hakka people to be a guest at all times and everywhere, and the generosity and openness of "calling on the guest". "People often do Kun Zhi's work in all directions, and you can set up a regular program everywhere. I am still in my hometown when I am in a foreign land. " This is a long-standing ballad in Hakka area. This ballad reflects the historical experience of the Hakkas who are far away from their homeland and far away from home, and shows the spirit of the Hakkas who are happy and broad-minded. The magnanimity of "people are willing to work hard and be ambitious in all directions" and the spirit of "being in a foreign country is home" show the heroic spirit of Hakka people who are "guests to me and call themselves guests". Without this heroic spirit, how can Hakkas be proud of being called or calling themselves "guests"? \xd\ Hakka, this resounding name, makes Hakka descendants proud of it. The formation process of Hakka clan makes people clearly see the formation and development process of the Chinese nation; The Hakka spiritual culture in Hakka people reflects the profound and long-standing civilization glory of the Chinese nation. The magical and colorful Hakka spiritual culture needs us to inherit, carry forward and develop \xd\ (3) \xd\ Chinese culture is brilliant and has a long history, just like a grand symphony with extraordinary verve, and Hakka culture is one of the exciting colorful passages. In the past, Hakka traditional culture brought up a batch of outstanding Hakka talents; Today, Hakka culture, which shines with the brilliance of humanistic ideals, nurtures a new generation of Hakka children to grow sturdily. \xd\ Hakka culture \xd\ The foundation of Hakka traditional culture "Where does Hakka come from? Ben Huang Yi Han Zhou (zh_plainu), a adherent of three generations, lived in Heluo. Since the early Jin Dynasty, when soldiers were fierce in the war, he was dressed in clothes and went south. After the disaster in the Tang Dynasty and the robbery in the Song Dynasty, he was sent to a remote place, and he created four industries. Tracing back to his origins, he was called a guest for thousands of years. Where is your hometown? Several ancestors and ancestors of the Central Plains moved to Guangdong and Fujian. From the end of the Song Dynasty, they settled in Ju 'an, stopped in Meizhou, resumed broadcasting in Ming Dynasty, and then moved to Qing Dynasty. The group was divided into border counties, and di_plain stretched all over five States, with the same root (d_plain), and home in the four seas was home. " (Huang Huoxing: "A Couple of Long Couples" is taken from the first issue of Hakka Culture Research) \xd\ In the unprecedented national migration in history, countless hardships have tempered the tenacious and resolute Hakka people. The sacred flame of the Central Plains civilization is lit everywhere in the drift from place to place; Burning in the wandering suffering. Perhaps it can be said that if there were no Hakkas carrying the Central Plains civilization to the south, so that the ancient civilization could be maintained and continued, the Chinese civilization might be interrupted or even destroyed. It can be seen that Hakkas are the oldest carriers of Chinese civilization and the "living fossils" of the ancient Han nationality. \xd\ So, what is traditional culture? Traditional culture usually refers to the cultural elements that belong to the stable existence of the past, spread to this day and still play a role. Hakka has its own traditional culture, which is the inheritance and development of the Central Plains and Heluo culture. Its long history, historical migration and environmental conditions in remote mountainous areas have made it a Hakka cultural tradition with its own characteristics. Therefore, Hakka culture is a sub-culture of Han culture with ethnic color and regional characteristics. \xd\ Heluo culture is the root of Chinese culture and Hakka culture. Heluo culture, the core and symbol of Chinese culture, originated from the ancient traditional culture of China in the Yellow River and Heluo region. Heluo culture is the most mature main vein of China's ancient cultural development, and it is the central axis, cradle and holy land of Chinese cultural development. Heluo culture has a long history and rich connotations. As early as the Paleolithic, human beings lived and engaged in production activities in Heluo area, and Heluo culture was born from then on. In the Neolithic Age, Heluo culture developed greatly. Heluo took the lead in entering the civilization era in China and became the core of China civilization for a long time. China characters first appeared in Heluo area. China's four schools of academic thought, Taoism, Buddhism, Confucianism and Rationalism, trace their origins to Heluo. Paper-making and block printing, the four great inventions in China, originated in Luoyang. Zhang Heng made an "armillary sphere" in Luoyang.