? On Du Fu's Lecture Notes of A Night Abroad
First of all, talk about textbooks.
One Night Abroad is the second poem recommended by the second unit of the elective textbook Appreciation of China Ancient Poetry. The appreciation guidance of this unit requires being in a poetic realm and understanding the scenery. The goal of the syllabus requires that Chinese teaching in middle schools should cultivate students' feelings of loving the language and writing of the motherland and the excellent culture of the Chinese nation, cultivate noble aesthetic taste and certain aesthetic ability, improve cultural taste, meet the learning needs of different students, develop and improve their personality and form a sound personality.
Poems about immortals are an important theme in China's classical literature. Du Fu expanded and deepened this theme in his own creation, wrote new meanings and created new images. Therefore, by grasping these images and words, we can have an overall grasp of the poems about immortals. To sum up, the knowledge structure of this course is: Du Shaoling, who is wandering between heaven and earth in southwest China, wrote many poems about his journey. One night in a foreign country is the masterpiece of these poems, with profound feelings and delicate words, especially? Fluttering? What kind of heartfelt words is this? Sha Ou? The strong feelings expressed by this typical image have fascinated countless literati. ? Travel? It is an important theme in Shao Ling's poems, which not only shows the wandering in troubled times, but also shows his political frustration and wandering with hard-won ambitions. This lesson will analyze and discuss these contents.
As a wonderful flower of China literature, poetry is an important part of China culture. Appreciating poetry is of great significance for cultivating students' sentiment and enriching and accumulating students' humanistic quality.
According to the syllabus, Chinese teaching in senior high school should be? Let students feel the image of the work, taste the poetic language and grasp the author's emotion? Established the knowledge goal of this lesson: 1. Verbal expression of wandering emotion II. Image expression of wandering emotion III. The content expression of wandering emotion; According to the requirements of cultivating cooperative inquiry and autonomous learning in the new curriculum standard, combined with unit guidance and tips, the ability goal of this course is established: 1. Students can improve their poetry appreciation ability, grasp images and taste language through cooperative inquiry. 2. Students can improve their ability of being in a poetic environment and understanding scenery through image linking and supplementary association. According to the dimension of cultivating students' own emotional experience and the unity of aesthetic experience and values required by the new curriculum standard, the moral education goal of this course is established: to deeply understand the life situation of Du Fu and Southwest China wandering between heaven and earth.
The focus of poetry appreciation is to cultivate students how to restore boring and abstract language into three-dimensional vivid pictures through association and imagination, so as to grasp the inner feelings of the poet hidden behind the text. According to students' own characteristics, the key and difficult points of this course are: the ability to grasp the image and taste the language, the specific content of wandering feelings, the poetic realm and the ability to feel feelings.
Second, talk about teaching methods and learning methods.
The original intention is to weaken the knowledge in the classroom, and only take One Night in a Foreign Country as the starting point, mainly to grasp the images and words with universal significance embodied in Du Fu's exile poems in different periods, so that students can have an overall grasp and understanding of Du Fu's exile poems. but
The teaching of this course, in terms of teaching and learning, mainly adopts the following methods:
1, teacher guidance, students' autonomous learning
Students already have a certain knowledge and understanding of Du Fu, but their memories are all completed at the request of the teacher. In this class, I ask students to draw the key content for memorization, which trains students' ability to choose key information and master key content, and they can try to grasp the "learning focus" of an article in future study, which will help students cultivate their autonomous learning ability.
2. Teachers' guidance and students' cooperation.
As for the appreciation of Du Fu's exile poems, because students have limited contact time with the text and limited knowledge accumulation and life experience, it is necessary to supplement the important information about poetry creation by using the tutoring plan I involved in teaching and give a brief explanation. Chinese classroom teaching is a process of equal dialogue and spiritual communication between teachers and students on the text platform. Only when teachers, students and classmates participate in the discussion and talk on an equal footing can it help to cultivate and stimulate students' reading interest and inspiration, pay attention to individual differences, meet the learning needs of different students, and let each student develop more fully.
Third, talk about classroom teaching procedures
1, on the introduction of new courses
Preparation before class:
Yesterday, I had a brief exchange with the students after picking up the class number, but I found it difficult for us to reach a tacit understanding, let alone complete a good classroom exchange, because of the strangeness between us and the nervousness of the students who participated in this large-scale open class. In order to eliminate the bad feelings between us, I used my name advantage to design the introduction of this lesson:
Zhuangzi said saints are unknown? The life of a suffering saint? The wandering life of poet Du Fu
2. About the classroom process
(1) Learning guidance, tamping and independent appreciation.
The basis of learning guidance is mainly to use the guidance plan to sort out the basic knowledge in class. This link is basically carried out according to the time of teaching design. When it comes to independent appreciation, the first student can't fully grasp the answer image, and can only analyze individual images, which will lead to inaccurate and delicate artistic conception construction; What's more, when answering questions, the class representative said: According to the translation, we can see that the artistic conception of poetry is delicate and broad. This gives me more motivation, because I find that students' ability to grasp the artistic conception through images is still very weak at this time. In the long run, this course is like a castle in the air, which is meaningless for students to improve their poetry appreciation ability in the future. Therefore, I temporarily adjusted the allocation of class time, extended the time occupied by grasping and analyzing images inside and outside class, and adjusted the problems in independent appreciation to students' cooperative inquiry. Thus weakening Du Fu? What is the specific content of wandering emotion? And then what? How to treat both? Frustrated? Poetic Du Fu? Explore the problem.
(2) cooperative exploration? Image? And then what? Words?
The basis of this teaching design is that the learning objectives in the new syllabus should cultivate students' ability to find, explore and solve problems, and carry out teaching according to the principle of promoting the new curriculum standards by layers. Specifically, the principle of poetry teaching is that students must deeply understand the thoughts and feelings of poetry, the images and language of poetry, and learn through cooperation and inquiry. To this end, in line with the teaching principle of "easy first, then difficult, step by step", I designed two questions in the whole class.
The first question: What typical images in Du Fu's wandering poems can express his wandering feelings? The answers are: Hongyan, Lonely Boat, Duckweed, Zhuan Shed and Sha Ou. In this process, through grasping the typical images in One Night Abroad, students' understanding gradually matures, and they can even open their minds and briefly analyze other images. This shows that the previous adjustment is necessary.
The second question is: What are the words and expressions of wandering feelings, and what are their characteristics? This problem design comes out with the trend, aiming at cultivating students' ability to explore problems and logical thinking. Considering the limitation of thinking time, reading experience and knowledge accumulation when students are thinking about this problem, it is estimated that most students will only understand the typical words such as drifting, wandering, wandering and so on. Therefore, I am here to make the necessary explanation, combined with the students' answers, to guide the author to the profound connotation of mental wandering such as old age, illness and disability.
(3) Knowledge transfer part
This part will make an in-depth analysis of the specific content of Du Fu's wandering feelings and give a spontaneous evaluation of Du Fu's life. This link can be discussed in detail with ten poems developed by the teacher. This should be the most anticipated part of this class. However, due to the previous adjustment and time constraints, the specific content of dealing with Du Fu's wandering feelings can only be weakened, and the evaluation and understanding of Du Fu is left as homework, which is a great regret for teachers. But from the last link, students can grasp the images and words and make accurate judgments and analysis, which still has more advantages than disadvantages for students.
(iv) Concluding remarks
This part is aimed at students' understanding of Du Fu (poetic? Frustrated? ) I have done all the preset parts of the evaluation of life. The design intention is to hope that students can understand Du Fu's wandering feelings and feel Du Fu's desolate and heavy life, so as to have a correct evaluation of Du Fu, and then summarize the students' evaluation conveniently, and finally feel Du Fu's depressed and frustrated style and desolate and heavy life through reading again. However, because the previous questions didn't go as planned, they served as the components of homework, and the summary of this paragraph became my tips and guidance for students, so I discussed the right ones as topics.