Indirect lyric is the combination of lyric and other expressions, namely narrative, description and discussion, to achieve the purpose of expressing the author's feelings. Among these lyric ways, lyric reflects people's emotional thoughts and interests in a subtle and gentle way by shaping and explaining scenes, events, things and reasons. In narrative literature, even in many lyric literature, lyric often appears in the form of describing and narrating objective objects, and the writer's emotion is hidden in the narrative description of objective objects. Because I don't say my feelings directly, it looks subtle and intriguing, but this doesn't mean that there is no difference between description, narration, discussion and lyric, but it just shows the dependent characteristics of lyric. When description, narration, discussion and lyricism are combined, it is no longer a description, narration and discussion in the general sense, but a better means and path for the author to express his feelings. There are various ways of indirect lyric, and this paper mainly introduces them from the following aspects.
First, narrative lyricism.
Narrative lyricism, also called lyricism, is to put emotions in the things described. The author is emotional because of events, trying to integrate the narrative of events with emotional expression. Narrative lyric is a combination of narrative and lyric, but it is based on narrative and aims at lyric. Therefore, narrative lyricism is very different from general narrative. Its purpose is not to present the whole event completely like a general narrative, but to express the emotional experience caused by the author or lyric hero when he experiences this event. Therefore, it will not be as complete and detailed as the general narrative, but only the most representative fragments will be selected to tell, so that the narrative will become the basis and basis for lyricism, in order to achieve lyrical effects.
The masterpiece of Japanese contemporary writer Haruki Murakami's prose "Love is like a whistle in the middle of the night" expresses the author's romantic feelings about love by telling the conversation between two young people about love:
The girl asked the boy, "How much do you like me?"
The boy thought for a moment and said quietly, "It's like whistling in the middle of the night."
The girl waited quietly for the following-there must be a story in it.
"On one occasion, I suddenly woke up in the middle of the night." He began to tell, "the exact time is not clear, about two or three o'clock, that is, that time." It doesn't matter when, but it's already late at night. I'm completely alone and there's no one around. Ok, please imagine: it's dark everywhere, you can't see anything, you can't hear anything, you can't even hear the clock, or the clock may have stopped. Suddenly I feel isolated, far away from people I know and familiar places, too far to believe. In this vast world, I don't love anyone, I don't understand anyone, I don't remember anyone-I find myself such an existence. Even if I just disappear, no one will notice. That kind of mood is like being stuffed into a thick iron box and sinking into the deep sea. Because of the air pressure, my heart began to hurt, like it split in two. Do you know the smell? "
The girl nodded. I think she knows.
The boy continued: "this is probably the most unbearable feeling that people can experience in the process of living." Sad and uncomfortable, I wish I could die like this. No, no, that's not true. Not to die, but if you leave it there, it will really die, because the air in the iron box is getting thinner and thinner. This is not a metaphor, it is true. This is the meaning of waking up alone in the middle of the night. Do you understand this? "
The girl nodded silently again. The teenager stopped for a while.
"But at this time, I heard a whistle far away. Where is the railway? Without rhyme or reason. It's that far anyway. If there is a sound, but I know it is the whistle of the train, it must be. I listened in the dark, so I heard the whistle again. Soon, my heart stopped hurting, the hour hand began to move, and the iron box slowly rose to the sea. And all this is because of the faint whistle. The whistle is really weak. I can't tell if I heard it. I love you as much as I love that whistle. "
That's the end of the young story. This time, the girl began to tell her story. ...
There are thousands of kinds of love in the world, so what's it like to whistle at midnight? The whistle when the boy woke up in the middle of the night in loneliness and despair brought the breath of life. For him, the whistle is the sound of nature, the hope of life and the symbol of beauty. Boys compare their love for girls to the sound of a whistle in the middle of the night, which is undoubtedly to love her as their own life. It is extremely sacred to describe their love for girls to such an extent. An article about love, without vigorous vows and touching vows, perfectly presents such pure and deep love through seemingly dull and calm narration.
Although the novel pursues meticulous characterization, complete and complex plot, and gives a concrete and full description of the environment when the characters start to act, it absorbs many characteristics of other styles in the process of development, so it has developed into a lyrical novel category with both narrative and lyrical characteristics. Among modern writers, Shen Congwen is the most typical writer who manages "sentimental" narration in novels. His novel Border Town is called the last lyric poem. At the end of Border Town, the author wrote:
The white pagoda in Bixi Village is related to the geomantic omen in the tea cave. The pagoda collapsed, so naturally no new one will be built. In addition to urban management, tax bureau, various merchants and civilians donated some money, and some people in the yard donated money with brochures. The achievement of this tower is not for anyone's benefit, so everyone should try their best to accumulate moral benefits, and everyone should have the opportunity to donate money. So a big bamboo tube with joints at both ends was put on the ferry, and the middle part was sawed off, so that people in transition could freely invest money. When the bamboo tube is full of cavalry, take it to the first person in the city and bring it back with another bamboo tube. When the transition man saw that the old boatman had disappeared and a white line was tied to Cui Cui's braid, he knew that the old man had finished his work and was lying quietly in the pit. He would look at Cui Cui sympathetically and put the money in the bamboo tube. "God bless you. If you die, you will go to the Western Heaven. If you live, you will be safe forever. " Cui Cui understood the meaning of those donors, and his heart was sour, so he quickly pulled her back to pull the boat.
In winter, the collapsed white tower was restored. However, the young man who sang under the moon and made Cui Cui's soul float gently in his sleep did not return to the cave.
……
This person may never come back, maybe "tomorrow"!
Shen Congwen likes to miss the past. In his memory of the past, he reveals it as a contrast with reality. The tone at the end of Border Town is full of nostalgia: "The collapsed white tower" symbolizes the good old days; The young man who dreams of Cui Cui may come back tomorrow. From this eager yearning and calling, we can realize Shen Congwen's strong desire to preserve and recreate the quaint local customs and simple folk customs under the erosion of modern civilization. The article exudes a lonely and beautiful atmosphere, which is inseparable from the characteristics of lyricism. The article permeates feelings with a quiet and slow narrative rhythm. Indifferent, but lasting.
Second, describe lyricism.
Describing lyricism refers to putting emotions in the way of description. Lyricism is manifested by describing objective objects or scenes, while the writer's emotions are hidden in his description of objective objects. Whenever there is obvious variation in the natural quality of the characteristics of objective things in the description, emotional components dominate and the description becomes lyrical. Feeling in the scenery is the most typical lyric description.
The feelings in the scenery specifically include borrowing scenery to express feelings and touching the scenery to create feelings, which means that the author describes the objective scenery with specific subjective feelings, not directly expressing feelings, but expressing feelings through painting the scenery. The difference between it and general description is that its description does not faithfully represent the natural form of the scenery, but integrates the author's emotion, will and mentality into the scenery of things in the process of description. It is characterized by "scenery gives birth to feelings, and feelings give birth to scenery", and the scenery blends into one, just as Wang Guowei said: "All scenery words are also emotional words." Wang Guowei believes that only by truly describing the scenery and expressing emotions, the situation is mutual, which can be called a realm.
Feeling in the scenery is common in prose and novels. For example, the lyrical application of emotion in the prose A Leaf by Japanese writer Kaii Higashiyama:
I stared at the trees in the yard, more precisely, at a leaf on the branch. Now, it is beautiful green, shining in the summer sun. I remember what I saw when it was a bud. It was the early winter of last year, just before the new leaves were exposed, there was a yellow leaf hanging, which quickly broke away from the branches and fell to the ground. On the original branch, you, a young and strong bud, were born vigorously.
Regardless of the cold wind and heavy snow, you silently wait for spring and slowly accumulate strength in your body. One morning, the light rain cleared up, and I saw that the branches were covered with pearls, which were newborn buds, shining with the rain. So I feel that all the herbs are sprouting, and spring is coming.
Spring has finally come, and ten thousand acres are beaming. However, the old leaves scattered on the ground have already rotted into the soil.
You soon grow into a young leaf, glowing green and gold in the early summer sun. For weak green leaves, early summer is not only a vibrant season, but also the most vulnerable season to insect erosion. Fortunately, you ushered in the summer safely, and now you are weaving thick shade with your friends to cover the branches.
I predict your future. In midsummer, cicadas will whistle in your shade. When a typhoon strikes, cicadas will become mournful and the weather will get cold. The cicada was broken and replaced by the chorus of autumn insects deep in the roots. This chirping sound can really add a lot of elegance to the silent autumn night.
Your green leaves, unconsciously eclipsed, finally turned into a yellow leaf and hung in the cold rain. At night, the autumn wind knocked on the window, and the next morning, you disappeared from the branch. I only see another bud on the branch where you are. By the time this bud blooms green, you will have fallen into the ground and been buried in the soil.
A falling leaf is by no means meaningless. It is these yellow leaves that bring the vitality of the whole tree. The life and death of this leaf marks the constant transformation of life in the four seasons. Through the description of the life and death of a yellow leaf, the author laments the importance of human life and death cycle, mutual cherish and giving.
Describing lyricism is often used in novels, such as Uncle Tom's Cabin, the representative work of American realistic writer Mrs. Stowe. In the seventh chapter of the novel, in order to avoid the pursuit of slave traders, Alicia desperately jumps on pieces of ice floes on the river with her son in her arms and reaches the other side.
In a flash, Alicia suddenly seemed to have a thousand times the vitality. There is a door in her room facing the river. She picked up the child, jumped down the steps and ran towards the river. Just as she was about to disappear under the river bank, the slave trader saw her. He dismounted and shouted to Sam and Eddie. He chased Alicia like a deer. In an instant, Alicia flew to the river almost without touching her feet, followed by her pursuers. With the help of God's extraordinary power over the desperate, she jumped over the mixed water on the shore and onto the ice raft in the distance. It was a desperate jump, which only happens when you are crazy or desperate. Looking at Ellie to check such a jump, Hurley, Sam, Eddie instinctively shouted and raised his hands at the same time.
The huge green ice raft she jumped on swayed from side to side under the weight of her body, making a creaking sound, but she couldn't stay for a moment. Screaming, she jumped on an ice raft with all her strength, and then the other one slipped, stood up and jumped again. Shoes fell off, socks were cut, and every step left blood. But she saw nothing, heard nothing and felt nothing. Finally, as if in a dream, she vaguely saw the shore of the Ohio River, and a man helped her ashore.
Here is a vivid description of Alicia's thrilling scene of jumping on pieces of ice floes on the river with her son in her arms to avoid being taken away by slave traders, and finally reaching the other side. Through such a detailed description, she praised a mother's courage to protect her children by instinct, and all this stems from the greatness of maternal love.
Third, talk about lyricism.
Talking about lyricism is to express feelings through discussion, which is also called feelings in the scene. The difference between lyricism and general discussion is that its purpose is not to explain or prove the correctness of a certain point of view like general discussion, but to express the author's emotional experience when forming or understanding a certain point of view. Therefore, when writing, instead of using arguments to demonstrate arguments and paying attention to rational logic, we use perceptual language to directly express our views and comments on something. In short, the integration of emotion and reason is to guide reason with emotion and bring emotion with reason to achieve the effect of blending reason and reason. For example, Lu Xun's prose "Hope" has a long discussion, but it contains profound emotions behind it:
My heart is very lonely.
However, my heart is very peaceful: there is no love and hate, no sadness and joy, no color and sound.
I'm probably getting old. My hair has turned white, isn't it obvious? My hands are shaking, isn't it obvious? Then, my soul's hands must be shaking and my hair must be pale.
However, this was many years ago.
Before that, my heart was full of blood songs: blood and iron, flame and poison, recovery and revenge. And suddenly these are empty, but sometimes they are deliberately filled with helpless self-deception hopes. Hope, hope, use this shield of hope to resist the empty night, although it is still empty night behind the shield. However, this is the case, which has exhausted my youth one after another.
Didn't I know my youth was gone? But I think the youth outside is fixed in: stars, moonlight, dead butterflies, dark flowers, ominous words of owls, tears of cuckoo's blood, faint laughter and dancing of love. ...
Although it is sad and ethereal youth, it is youth after all.
But why are you so lonely now? Is it that even the youth outside the body is gone, and the youth in the world is getting old?
I want to fight hand-to-hand in this empty night alone. I put down the shield of hope, and I heard petofi Sando's Song of Hope (1823-1849):
What is hope? It's a prostitute:
She bewitched everyone and gave everything;
After you sacrificed a lot of precious things-
Your youth-she will abandon you.
This great lyric poet, a Hungarian patriot, sacrificed 75 years for his motherland on the spear point of Cosac soldiers. It's sad to die, but it's even sadder that his poem is not dead.
But what a miserable life! As brave as petofi, I finally stopped at night and looked back at the vast East. He said:
Despair is futile, just like hope.
If I have to drag out an ignoble existence in this "illusion", I will still look for the sad and ethereal youth that passed away, but I might as well be outside. Because if the youth outside my body disappears, the twilight inside my body will wither.
However, there are no stars and moonlight, and there are no frozen butterflies, so that the smile becomes slender and love dances. However, young people are safe.
I want to fight hand-to-hand in this empty night alone. Even if I can't find youth outside, I will throw away my old age myself. But where is the night? Now there are no stars, no moonlight, even faint laughter and love dance; Young people are safe, but there is no real night in front of me.
Despair is futile, just like hope!
"Hope" was written by Lu Xun, who was surprised by the negative sexiness of young people. This article describes a lonely and calm heart, an old man, and his despair after his hopes are shattered. The question the article wants to ask is: How can life continue after losing hope? The whole article is full of thinking about philosophy of life, but it can be felt from the article that when the author is thinking about hope and despair, deep emotions, deep pain and despair surge in his heart, and these emotions come from his great love for life and youth.
Argumentative writing and lyricism are also used in novels. In Marquez's "One Hundred Years of Solitude", there is such an emotional passage that has been cited as a classic for countless times by later generations: "Two kinds of homesickness are like two mirrors. He is caught in the middle and cannot stay out of it. Finally, he even persuaded them to leave Macondo, forget all the knowledge he had taught about the world and people, and let Horace go to hell. He also said that no matter where you are, you should remember that the past is false and remember. This passage seems to express the meaningless and illusory view of life in very calm words, but in fact it is full of helplessness to the sense of human existence, and deep pain and despair that human beings are constantly circulating in a hundred years of loneliness and cannot get rid of the shackles of fate.
The above contents mainly introduce direct lyric and indirect lyric, but in literary works, except for a few lyric works represented by poetry, most texts adopt a comprehensive application of various lyric methods, because only in this way can the lyric effect be better achieved.
Primitive reading
Sad Motherly Love in Sharks in gabrin
Johnson
Johnson is a member of the American Oceanographic Association. In the spring of 2004, when he and his colleague Jila participated in an ocean expedition, they came across a big shark and a small shark in gabrin. When they caught the baby shark, the mother shark insisted on saving her son with her own blood. After discovering that the young shark has died, the mother shark explained a kind of maternal love and sadness from animals to human beings in a tragic way of self-explosion.
It was a sunny Wednesday in April, and 12 and his party got into a submarine with excellent performance and started our trip to the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean. The team is led by Mr. Dimon, a 50-year-old professor of biology at the University of Virginia. He is enthusiastic and talkative, and has a wide range of research on marine life, and he knows the living habits and characteristics of almost every marine life like the back of his hand.
The Atlantic Ocean is rich in marine resources. Where the submarine passes, we can see groups of herring, cod and ugly scaly fish swimming by, and crayfish and various algae also come into view from time to time.
At this moment, I suddenly found that the fish on the right side of the window suddenly scattered and fled, and all those small fish disappeared instantly. Then two shadows, one big and one small, swam over. Oh, my God, what kind of fish is that? The gray fish skin with metallic luster looks very ugly and fierce. Its snout is longer and sharper than the tiger shark, which is famous for its ferocity. Its sharp teeth are like handfuls of upright triangular scrapers, and the cold light flashes, which makes people shudder.
"Oh, dear, what is that? Like a shark I've never seen before? Look at those sharp teeth, yes, they must be a kind of shark. " Gila looked straight out of the window and muttered to herself.
"I see," Damon said excitedly. "This is gabrin shark. Very precious. We have never had a complete shark specimen from gabrin. It's rare that we met this time. "
Gabrin shark is a fierce man-eating shark, which only moves in the deep sea. It is so fierce that people used to call it "devil shark". It is also a very special kind of shark. When it is trapped in a fishing net and can't get away after several struggles, it will expand through its own body pressure change similar to that of the swim bladder, and finally it will explode into large and small pieces, preferring to be smashed into pieces rather than being captured alive, which is a bit unyielding. So until now, no country in the world has ever caught a complete gabrin shark. People usually see only fragments of devil sharks, with uneven fractures, much like broken bricks or porcelain. Their thick skin has almost no toughness and elasticity, especially the fish skin is as hard as ceramic products. The fragments of the devil shark after the explosion are like a piece of porcelain that we usually break, and the fractures can be accurately spliced together.
At that moment, I heard many people shouting, "Great, follow them quickly. We need to take pictures of them. This is definitely a female shark with a baby. Maybe we can bring the little shark to land in one piece. Prepare to spread Internet cafes. " Gila shouted, eager to rush into the sea and bring the little shark back at once.
At this point, Mr. Dimon's powerful voice sounded, and everyone suddenly became quiet. "We will follow the sharks to see if there is a chance to catch them, but don't hold out too much hope. For many years, no shark in gabrin has been completely preserved. Their temperament is very strong, and we can only hope for this little shark. If it is really successful, then our investigation will make a breakthrough in shark research in gabrin. " The submarine followed them quietly, waiting to seize their opportunity.
Mother and son love each other. Obviously, shortly after the baby shark was born, it followed its mother closely and has been carefully hiding under her body. The little guy is easily frightened, always careful, and the slightest shadow scares him.
I suddenly feel a little strange. Usually, every time a shark mates, it will give birth to at least seven young sharks, but why does this shark only bring one child?
Mr Dimon explained, "Sharks can't protect their children. They also have many enemies. After the baby shark is born, it should quickly adapt to the environment and learn to take care of itself, otherwise it will be in danger of being eaten. This little shark seems to be only a few days old, and its brothers and sisters must have disappeared, so we should be careful and its mother will do her best to protect it. "
Because the shark's eyes are on both sides of the head, the female shark can feel the light in almost all directions. We pay special attention to extinguish the high-brightness lights of submarines, leaving only a few small lights for illumination. Nevertheless, the female shark noticed our existence, because her sense of touch mainly depends on the network of nerve endings under the skin surface. It is alert to our submarine and quick and sensitive.
Mr. Damon suddenly remembered something, ran to the cab and said a few words, then found that the two sharks slowly relaxed. Damon said proudly, "I asked them to open a newly installed device that can emit the magnetic field of deep-sea fish." Now they must have eliminated their vigilance and regarded us as a harmless big fish. "
We observe their every move. The mother shark loves her baby very much. She slows down from time to time, waiting for the little shark to swim over and take her to a place with fish, but she doesn't eat anything and waits patiently there. When it saw that the little shark had been able to prey on the fish quickly and accurately, it was very happy and rushed to swallow a lot of cod. It turns out that mothers have been hungry for a long time. In order to teach their children to hunt, they resisted hunger and did not attack at will.
The little shark soon became full and began to coquetry around his mother. She stopped paying attention to the fish swimming around her, even the obese sturgeon, which obviously angered the female shark. When the little shark swam naughtily to his mother's tail, the strict mother suddenly practiced family law. I saw the mother shark's tail suddenly swept the little shark, and the poor defenseless little shark was thrown to a rock at once. Many of us can't help but exclaim, for fear of any accident. Fortunately, the little guy was not hurt, but he looked scared. It approached its mother slowly, with a wronged expression in its eyes, while the female shark was still swimming ahead.
"This is the mother shark educating her children," said Gila. "This requires her children to learn to hunt as soon as possible, know the area of fish and the characteristics of catching fish, and be independent as soon as possible." She looked at us and added, "This is really a clever shark."
Our submarine slowly approached the little gabrin shark, and everyone was eagerly waiting. When Mr. Damon aimed the camera at the little shark, he shouted "Let it go" and only heard a muffled "dong". A big net came at two sharks. The little shark didn't react as fast as the mother shark and was caught in the net.
The mother shark disappeared for a while, and we were so happy that we slowly dragged the little shark up. To return to the port, the little guy swam anxiously in the net, stroking his tail wildly, trying to break free from the fishing net, but how could he succeed? The more it struggled, the tighter the net wrapped it, and we could almost hear its cry for help through the thick steel plate.
"His mother will come back to save him. We must be more careful. " Gila is much calmer now. She looked anxiously out of the window, waiting for the female shark to appear.
Suddenly the submarine shook violently, and many people looked pale. I feel very dizzy. When it finally calmed down, I found a difficult rescue outside the window. The female shark rushed back, biting the fishing net desperately. When the little sharks saw their mother, they struggled desperately in it. Their mouths were cut by barbs on fishing nets, and their blood drifted in the water and dyed red.
Without success in tearing the fishing net, the female shark finally found the monster in front of her and was furious, and launched an attack on the submarine. First, it slammed into the submarine's head in an attempt to stop it from rising further, and then it slammed around wildly. Its extremely sharp teeth flashed out of the window again and again, and its big mouth seemed to curse something and desperately beg for something.
I watched its failed attacks again and again, and felt that if I had enough ability, it would tear up the whole submarine. It found the small fish dragged behind the submarine and chewed them into mud with one punch. Gila covered her eyes and cried, "Oh, my pearl fish, poor pearl fish."
We continue to rise, and we can already feel the brightness in the water increasing bit by bit. The attack of the female shark has therefore become more fierce. Because of its impact, the hull shook violently and some people began to vomit. "Hold on, accelerate the rise, and be sure to succeed." Mr Damon shouted.
Seeing that the rescue was hopeless, the female shark turned to see her baby. She followed us step by step and watched the baby struggling in the net. Obviously, this little guy who was just born a few days ago has no strength and his speed is much slower. Suddenly, the mother shark opened her mouth and bit her baby viciously ... "Oh, my God, she already knows our intention. She wants to bite the little shark and won't let us take it away completely. " A man in a white coat shouted.
None of us can stop this atrocity. In other words, none of us expected the female shark to do such a thing. Everyone crowded in the narrow window and watched the crazy mother biting her baby fiercely through the fishing net.
The little shark was tightly wrapped in a fishing net and could hardly move, so he had to let his mother bite him to pieces. Blood poured out violently, a piece of red sea water swept by, and we saw pieces of broken meat scattered from the fishing net. The little shark stopped moving soon, but its mother didn't give up biting. Its mouth was wide open, its teeth were covered with blood, and it kept biting the body in the fishing net. The body that was still flowing happily in the water just now is now riddled with holes and terrible.
We are all dumbfounded. We have forgotten the violent shaking of the ship and looked straight at the mother shark, watching it tear up her children mercilessly.
This time, the desire to bring the little gabrin shark back to study was completely shattered, so we had to go back to China. A large part of the shark's body is in the fishing net, but we have to drag it forward because we can't open the fishing net.
The female shark is still doggedly following us. Several times, because of the current, the little shark's tail wagged. At first, its mother rushed up in ecstasy, thinking that her child had come back to life. When she found that it was only a virtual image, she was so angry that she bit it twice and bit off all the tail fins of the little shark. It seems that it will follow us like this until we can't walk any further. Even once, it has been dragging the fishing net in an attempt to stop the submarine from moving forward, and the result is in vain.
The surrounding scenery is becoming clearer and clearer, and we can see fish in shallow water. There must be good sunshine on the sea. The female shark moves harder and harder. This deep-sea fish can't stand shallow water. I think it will soon give up following us and return to its own territory.
"Look, we will reach the ground in a few meters." Someone shouted happily, but just then, the stubborn mother shark still followed the submarine and swam around beside the dead shark. But her body seems to be swollen and fat, and her fierce little eyes are protruding outward, which looks scary.
Mr. Damon looked at the female shark and shivered. He couldn't help but take a step back: "Oh, my God, what is it going to do … what is it going to do?"
His voice did not fall, but he saw a bang outside the window, and the submarine shook violently. When we came to our senses and looked outside, the surrounding sea water was all red with blood and there were pieces of meat everywhere.
That female shark committed suicide! It exploded into countless pieces and scattered in this ocean.
The cabin was so quiet that no one spoke before we landed.
(Excerpted from Wan Rong's Your Hug is the End of My Life, Beijing United Publishing Company, Wanjuan Publishing Company, 20 10 edition)
Thinking practice
1. What should I pay attention to in direct lyric?
2. How does indirect lyric combine lyric with narrative, description and discussion perfectly?
3. How to make lyric natural and sincere?
4. How to choose an appropriate lyric way?
5. What should I pay attention to when expressing my feelings with arguments?
6. composition: self-made topic.