Why are most Tang and Song literati frequent visitors to brothels?

"Down and out with wine, chu waist slender palm light. I feel the dream of Yangzhou for ten years and get the name of brothel. " This is a four-line poem entitled "Farewell" by Du Mu, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, which undoubtedly reflects his enjoyment in the brothel when he was an official in Yangzhou. Poets in Song Dynasty are not far behind. Among the poets in the Song Dynasty, Liu Yong was probably the one who visited brothels the most. In officialdom, he has no talent, no ambition, and it is hard to pay, knowing that he has no chance of fame and fortune. Therefore, he devoted all his genius and energy to the creation of new words and sought solace among prostitutes. Ye Mengde's Notes on Summer Vacation said: "When raising children, Liu Yong tends to swim, be good at writing lyrics and teach musicians in workshops. Every time he gets a new song, he must seek eternal words and start walking in the world. " In other words, Liu Yong's ci is written entirely for prostitutes. There are countless Mu and Liu Yong who frequented brothels in the literary world. Then, why did most of the literary circles in the Tang and Song Dynasties have famous prostitutes in and out of brothels? Although the reputation of spiritual comfort has been criticized, brothel is an unavoidable place in the spread of ancient culture. At that time, whether it was a bustling city or a remote town, most of the brothels were places where people gathered, and all kinds of information and news were spread through brothels. Many literary poems and songs are also sung by prostitutes. Among the ancient cultural books and records in China, about thirteen of the Book of Songs are from brothels. There are 21 descriptions of brothels in Sima Qian's Historical Records. The Tang and Song Dynasties are a hundred gardens of poetry, with various styles and schools competing for beauty: rich as peony, cold as plum, fresh as Xia Lian's ... the poems of prostitutes in brothels, such as valleys and orchids, are pleasing to the eye. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, every time a poet had a new poem and a new word, he hoped that the geisha would sing and recite it in order to spread it faster. In addition, in the Tang and Song Dynasties, in the face of beautiful women in brothels with excellent color and art, different from the frivolous and eroticism of celebrities in the Southern Dynasties, scholars in the Tang and Song Dynasties showed more romance and pursuit, and prostitutes in brothels, as aesthetic objects, began to become emotional sustenance of celebrities. This laid the foundation for the spiritual exchange between celebrities and prostitutes-chanting poems and fu. As for the famous prostitutes with good color and art, they can sing on the same stage with famous poets and fu, get the opportunity to show their intelligence, and also improve their cultural taste and self-worth. For example, Bai Juyi and Su Fan Xiaoman, Yuan Zhen and Xue Tao. Among the prostitutes in the Tang Dynasty, Xue Tao was undoubtedly the best poet. According to legend, she had a love affair with Yuan Zhen. Once they fell out because of something, Xue Tao gave Yuan Zhen a poem "Ten Farewells", and they got back together. Her poem "Li Shishi" is full of things, which repeatedly expresses compassion and love for the Lord. It is ingenious and lyrical, and it is really "a woman without talent can't do it." Her poems about objects are novel in conception, simple in language, deep in emotion and full of poetry. Xue Tao is not only a geisha with excellent color and art, but also a "pupil" in the military camp. So Wang Jian, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, gave Xue Tao a poem saying, "There are girls' books on Wan Li Bridge, and loquat flowers live behind closed doors. It is better to lead the spring breeze than to sweep your eyebrows. " Besides Xue Tao, there were many talented women in the Tang Dynasty, such as Guan, Xu and Yang Zhu. They prospered the poetry circles in the Tang Dynasty with their intelligence. There are countless talented women among prostitutes in the Song Dynasty, the most famous being Yan Rui, a prostitute in Taizhou in the Southern Song Dynasty. At a Qixi banquet, the hero thanked her for improvising and stipulated that the surname should be used as rhyme. When serving wine, Yan Rui sang "Queqiao Fairy": "The sweet-scented osmanthus blooms at the beginning of Bitong, and the water in the pool fades slightly. The needle piercer is in He Huanlou, and the jade plate shows high diarrhea in the first month. Spiders are busy, magpies are lazy, ploughing and weaving are tired, and they have no time to tell ancient and modern stories. The world has just passed every other year, and I am afraid of a night in the sky. " This move greatly admired those literati. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, there were many Jinshi, especially Jinshi. If an official is not a scholar, it is a pity to be a prime minister. However, it is an enviable moment for new scholars and geisha to sing poems while drinking. Therefore, Zhang Ji's poem said: "No one does not borrow flowers for the night, and always walks around with wine vessels." Bai Juyi's "Jiangnan loves Xiao Jiuche, because of the old trip to Chang 'an, fifty rhymes are played" vividly describes the brothel environment, prostitutes' costumes, prostitutes' singing and dancing, and banquets. As for Pipa Xing, which is well-known for thousands of years, it uses the cup of geisha to pour down the pieces in the heart, pushing the geisha culture and poetry creation to the peak of art, and the Song Dynasty is the peak of ci development. Social stability in the early Song Dynasty, urban prosperity and poor public security in the Southern Song Dynasty all provided conditions for some literati to enjoy their lives. During this period, under the influence of Taoist thought, Song Ci "speaks with reason instead of emotion", which makes expressing love and describing amorous feelings become the specialty of Ci. On the one hand, it inherits the legacy of pronouns in the Tang and Five Dynasties; On the other hand, the scholar-bureaucrat class thinks that poetry and prose are orthodox styles, while words are unorthodox styles, belonging to the lower-class Balinese and close to folk literature. Moreover, the genre of ci is more vivid, which is more convenient for literati to sing about the moon. Famous poets in Song Dynasty, such as Yan, Qin Guan, Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi, Zhou Bangyan and Jiang Kui, were close friends of geisha and wrote many famous sentences about two of a kind. For example, Qin Guan's "Queqiao Fairy": "The thin clouds are smart, the flying stars spread grievances, and the silver and the Chinese cross in secret. When golden storms meet, they win, but there are countless people in the world. Common complaint against acacia, tender feelings like water, meet each other as if it were a dream, when it is hard to see the bridge. If the relationship between two people lasts for a long time, is it a matter of time? "Jiang Baishi's" self-singing new rhyme is the most charming, little red croons and I play the flute ". Xiaohong was given to Jiang Kui by Fan Shihu. Every time Baishi writes a new word, he plays the flute and Xiaohong sings it at once. Among many poets, Liu Yong is the most representative one. Liu Yong lived a dissolute and free life in Beijing when he was a teenager. When I was young, I tried the imperial examination again and again. He didn't enter the imperial examination until his later years, and later became a small official. He is the youngest poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, but he devoted his life to the creation of ci. It can be said that Liu Yong was the first professional poet. Liu Yong lived a poor life all his life, although he had different contents from the miserable life of prostitutes. But because he lived together for a long time and had the same unfortunate experience as us-till death do us part, Liu Yong understood prostitutes better, and showed deep sympathy for prostitutes in his poems, reflecting their thoughts and feelings and yearning for a happy life. For example, he described them as "Wan Li Xiao Dan, why not go hand in hand? "... abandon those fireworks partners forever. Avoid teaching people to meet concubines and face sex. Legend has it that Liu Yong was buried by a group of prostitutes after his death. And since then, every Qingming Festival, thousands of prostitutes from all over the capital will gather in groups at their graves to pay homage to the poet. This is the so-called "Liu Diaohui". In Sanyan written by Feng Menglong in Ming Dynasty, there is an article describing this scene, entitled "Many prostitutes hang on the willow seven in the spring breeze". Later, someone wrote a poem in front of Liu Yong's tomb, which said: "Go to the scenic spot of Leyuan Park to prostitute like a cloud, and go to Liu Yong's seven graves. It's ridiculous to marry a gentleman, but it's not as good as a red dress. " Text/Hong Fei (fish turns over in seven seconds)