"National Style·Tang Style·Cricket" comes from the "Book of Songs", the first collection of poems in the history of Chinese literature. It is a Chinese folk song from the Tang State (Jin State) in the pre-Qin Dynasty. This poem is mainly about the poet admonishing himself and others to be diligent when he feels sad about things, or it also means to persuade people to enjoy themselves in time. The whole poem comes out of the mouth with feelings, speaks directly from the heart, is frank and sincere, expresses it repeatedly in heavy chapters, and the language is natural and mid-section, without any modification. After research, this poem is an art form integrating poetry, music and dance. It not only has its own unique music and dance imagery, but as an ideology it also reflects the characteristics of the Jin Dynasty at that time.
Cricket
Explanation: The poet advises himself and others to be diligent.
Original text
Crickets are in the hall ①, and the years are endless (2). I am not happy now, the sun and the moon will get rid of me③.
There is no self-made happiness (4), and I think about my job ⑤. There is no shortage of happiness (6), and the good scholar Qu Qu (7).
Crickets are in the hall, and the years pass away. I am not happy now, because the sun and the moon are advancing (8).
If you don’t have a good life, think about other things (9). There is no shortage of happiness, but good men are in trouble (10).
The cricket is in the hall, and the chariot is resting (11). Today I am not happy, the sun and the moon are miserable (12).
If you don’t have a good life, you should think about your worries (13). There is no waste of happiness, and a good man will rest in peace (14).
Notes
①Tang: main room. When the weather is cold, crickets come from the wild into the main room.
② Yu: Modal particle, no real meaning. Mo: Same as "twilight".
③Exception: disappear, past.
④: excessive, excessive. Dakang: happiness, peace and happiness.
⑤Position: Regular. Habitat: the position in which one is located.
(6) Good: I like it. Waste: desolate.
(7) Zhai Zhai: He was on guard.
(8) Mai: disappear, past.
(9) Outside: refers to things outside the scope of work.
(10) Jue: Hard-working and agile.
(11) Service car: a car used for military service and business trips. Hugh: rest.
(12)慆(tao): Pass away.
(13) Worry: worry. Xiuxiu: A leisurely and contented look.
[Translation]
Crickets are chirping in the main room, and the year is coming to an end in a hurry. A wise man knows how to exercise restraint. Crickets are chirping in the main room,
If I don’t have fun now, my life will be in vain when I turn around. Don't go too far in your pursuit of pleasure, and remember your status.
Enjoyment cannot be neglected as the year comes to an end in a hurry. If I don't have fun now, all my life will be in vain.
Don’t go too far in your pursuit of pleasure, and be mindful of extra things. Having fun can't be a waste of real work. A wise man knows how to be diligent.
Crickets chirp in the main room, and at the end of the year, the carts also rest. If I don't have fun now, all my life will be in vain.
Don’t go too far in seeking pleasure, keep the country’s worries in mind. Having fun should not be a waste of good work. A wise man knows how to exercise moderation.
Appreciation
As far as poetry is concerned, the meaning of this article to encourage people to be diligent is very obvious, but the "Preface to Mao's Poems" says that it is "to assassinate Duke Xi of Jin. Frugality is not in line with etiquette." , I pretended to write this poem out of sympathy for him, hoping that he would be able to entertain himself with courtesy in a timely manner." Fang Yurun of the Qing Dynasty refutes it well: "Today's view of poetry, there is no such thing as 'thorn', nor 'frugality and lack of propriety'. Is it safe to think that it must be for Duke Xi? The "Preface" is easy to follow, but it is unreasonable. It is often like this, so it must not be done. From "(The Original Book of Songs)", it was Wang Zhi of the Song Dynasty who first corrected the "Preface to Poems", and his "Poetry General Wen" pointed out that "this doctor is the one who warns", and the content of "warning" is " There is no harm in taking pleasure, but not doing so would be too much. Don’t be too well, always think about your duties; don’t be desolate, always have the attitude of a good person, and then do good.” The explanation is reasonable and reasonable and consistent with the original poem. It is better than what he said. My "Selected Annotations to the Book of Songs" defines this chapter as "a poem that encourages people to be diligent", which was inspired by Wang Zhi's theory.
The three chapters in this article have the same meaning, and the first two sentences are sentimental. The poet moved the crickets from the wild to the house. The weather was getting colder and colder, and he thought that "seasons suddenly change" and this year has reached the end of the year. The ancients often used the response of migratory insects to climate change to express the time sequence more easily. "The Book of Songs·Binfeng·July" writes: "July is in the wild, August is in the sky, September is at home, and in October crickets come under my bed." "September at Home" and "Crickets in the Hall" in this poem should refer to the same time. "July" uses the lunar calendar, while this poem uses the weekly calendar. The ninth month of the lunar calendar is the eleventh month of the weekly calendar. The poet in this article is feeling the crickets entering the house in November and lamenting that "the year has passed so badly." The first sentence in Fengfang's "Shi Shuo" is regarded as "Xing", while Zhu Xi's "Collected Poems" is regarded as "Fu". The understandings are from different perspectives and each has its own truth. As "Xing", it is different from some "Xing" containing "bi" in the Book of Songs. It has no direct meaning connection with the following, but it is inseparable from the deep emotional level, that is, it plays an emotional role. Therefore, from the perspective of "telling the story directly", it is "fu". From the perspective of triggering emotions, it is "Xing". This writing method of expressing feelings about things and cherishing them has a great influence on the poetry of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. It is widely used in "Nineteen Ancient Poems". It is also commonly used in Ruan Ji's "Eighty-two Songs of Huai", such as the fourteenth poem (according to "Ruan Ji Ji Collector's Notes" No. 1):
Autumn brings cool air, and crickets chirp on the bed curtains. Feeling the things with deep sorrow, quietly making the heart sad.
There are many words to tell, and the words will be accurate...
The beginning and the following are almost inseparable, and they are in the same vein as the starting sentence of "Cricket", but here the meaning of "sensing things" is clarified, and the third sentence of "Cricket" , the fourth sentence is directly introduced into the narration: "Sui Mo" arouses the poet's emotion about the passage of time. He declares that he must seize the opportunity to have fun, otherwise it will be a waste of time. In fact, this is nothing more than retreating because of the desire to advance. The next four sentences are in response to the third and fourth sentences. The fifth and sixth sentences of the three chapters of the poem together mean: Don’t pursue pleasure excessively, you should think carefully about the work you are responsible for, and you should not be indifferent to extraneous matters. In particular, you should not just focus on the present, but also think about the worries that may arise in the future. . It can be seen that the word "thinking" is the main focus of the whole poem, and the "three precepts" have profound meaning. This repeated warning contains the poet's valuable life experience, and is a warning to himself and others. The last two sentences and three chapters are connected to say: If you like to have fun, don't waste your career. Like the wise men, you should always remind yourself to be diligent and progressive. Although the last four sentences are preaching, they are very measured. The poet affirms "good joy", but requires restraint within limits, that is, "good joy has no waste." This warning is still relevant today.
Some people judged the author of this poem to be a farmer based on the sentence "he rested on his cart", but this was actually a misunderstanding. The poet did not say that he "rested on his cart", but just used the things he saw to arouse his emotions, because " The carts are resting, which means that the farmers and workers have nothing to do" (Kong Yingda's "Mao Shi Zhengyi"), so it is used to express the change of time sequence, which has the same meaning as "years of change." It is difficult to determine the identity of the author of this poem. Yao Jiheng said: "The word 'good scholar' in the poem does not mean that it is a king, nor does it necessarily mean that it is a humble citizen. It is a poem by a scholar-bureaucrat." ("The Book of Songs") You can prepare one. explain.
The whole poem is blurted out with feelings, straight from the heart, frank and sincere, expressed repeatedly in heavy chapters, and the language is natural and mid-section, without any modification. The rhyme is different from most articles in the Book of Songs. Two rhymes in one chapter are interlaced. The first, fifth, and seventh lines of each chapter have the same rhyme; the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth lines of each chapter have the same rhyme. The latter is a regular interline rhyme. The translated poem retains the original rhyme pattern.
Interpretation
Life is short, and a hundred years pass in the blink of an eye. "The bright mirror in the high hall has sad white hair, and the morning is like a blue tile and the throne is like snow." The ruthlessness of the years and the shortness of life have long been fully understood by poets and they can be described in detail. What kind of way of life, in the minds of the ancients, it seems that there are only two ends: enjoyment and making contributions to the family and honoring the ancestors. Either he enjoys himself in time, is dissolute and drunk, or he makes meritorious deeds and establishes his reputation.
What we see here is another way of living: we must have fun in time, but also be restrained; we must fully enjoy life, but also maintain a spirit of devotion to duty and a sense of urgency. Choosing a middle path between debauchery and asceticism seems to be a way of living that is in line with modern consciousness. The Japanese believe in working hard and enjoying themselves (actually they work more than they enjoy), and now we use them as a specimen of their way of life. In fact, such specimens have already been demonstrated by our own ancestors, so there is no need to learn from the Orientals.
The "middle" way of living that is full of worldly spirit and atmosphere of both enjoyment and work is very realistic and very attractive. It can probably be regarded as a relatively ideal way of life. It does not require us to constantly enterprising, pioneering, and discovering like Faust, and there is no need to take risks to seek excitement. We are not required to push boulders up the mountain in vain like Sisyphus, nor are we required to go to the monastery to practice asceticism like the believers and not eat the fireworks of the world.
However, if you want to actually implement it, the middle method may be quite difficult. Man is a weak animal who cannot easily withstand temptation. After all, there are very few people with self-control and rational spirit, but there are many people who indulge themselves unconsciously or consciously. When we practice, most of us will not be biased towards asceticism and workaholics, but will be biased toward the side of being indulging in the sensual, sensual, sensual, phoenixes, flowers, snow, moon, and the moon and being unable to extricate ourselves.
Nietzsche once used the Dionysian spirit and the Apollonian spirit to represent the two spirits of human carnival and rationality. Perhaps this is God's intentional arrangement to put these two opposites into our bodies and let us make our own choices: either indulge in enjoyment or work hard. Only unusual people can combine the two well. The choice is the test, and we have to fill in the answer sheet ourselves.
Full text explanation and appreciation of "Guo Feng·Tang Feng. Cricket"