Poetry is the art of language. In order to make the language of poetry more vivid and vivid, poets often borrow some rhetorical techniques. Rhetoric is an important artistic means of "poetizing" language. Yuan Mei wrote in "Suiyuan Poetry Talk": "All poetry and prose must be written standing on the paper, not lying on the paper." The "standing" mentioned here actually requires the poetic language to be vivid, vivid, and three-dimensional, rather than abstract and lifeless. The use of rhetorical techniques gives the poetic language a three-dimensional sense and makes various images more lifelike, thereby showing a colorful and vivid visual beauty, giving the work a higher aesthetic value and artistic appeal.
For example, in Wang Changling's "Lotus Picking Song", "The lotus leaves and skirts are cut in one color, and the hibiscus blooms to both sides of the face." These two sentences depict an extremely vivid painting of a beauty, with lotus leaves and skirts. It seems to be cut out, and the human face is in full bloom like a lotus. The poem uses two metaphors to describe the image of the lotus-picking girl vividly, gracefully, freshly and uniquely. The poem "Song of Everlasting Sorrow" describes Concubine Yang's "natural beauty": "Looking back and smiling, she is full of beauty, the pink and white in the sixth palace are colorless." Because of the use of contrast and exaggerated rhetorical techniques, it not only makes the poem read ups and downs, but also full of music. , and the beautiful image of the imperial concubine captivating the country is also painted very vividly and vividly, ready to be seen. The reason why these verses are good is that the author used various rhetorical methods to make these sentences and even the whole poem more vivid, more three-dimensional, more profound, and more touching to readers. It is the use of various rhetorical techniques that make these poems leave a very deep impression and aesthetic experience on readers.
It is generally believed in the linguistic community that rhetoric is the basic technique for modifying words or words, and rhetoric is an important means to produce aesthetic effects in language expression. "Rhetoric cannot exist without language. Rhetoric is actually an attribute of language. To a large extent, there would be no language without rhetoric. Let's talk about two big issues.
(1) The expressions in ancient poetry Common rhetorical techniques in poetry
Common rhetorical techniques in poetry include metaphor, personification, exaggeration, contrast, foil, parallelism, truth, pun, synaesthesia, etc.
I will discuss them in detail below. , Metaphor
Metaphor is an analogy, using something that has similarities to compare another thing. It can be divided into simile, metaphor, metonymy, inverted metaphor, comparison, etc. The use of metaphor can highlight the characteristics of things. , making the expression more vivid and vivid, turning profound abstraction into simple concreteness, such as "The water surface of a pond is flat after rain, and a light polished mirror reflects on the eaves" (Liu Zong's "On the Pond after the Rain"), the water surface is like a lightly polished mirror, reflecting. The eaves and pillars beside the pond are used to express the calmness of the pond water after the rain.
2. Personification
Personification is to write objects as people. Use personification to describe things. The colors are bright, the images are depicted, and the expressions are vivid. For example, "The wild geese take away the sorrowful heart, and the mountain carries the beautiful moon" (Li Bai's "Climbing the Yueyang Tower with Xia Twelve"). The wild geese deliberately take away the sorrowful heart of the poet, and the love of Junshan brings the poet's title. "Lai Haoyue" describes the poet's joy in being pardoned after being exiled. "When I came to Chunshe, I went to Qiushe, and I moved away from the cold and heat every year. The words are murmured, busy with tribulations, looking for the king to thank the king in the spring breeze hall, the evening sun is shining in black clothes on the alleys.
If you are prosperous, see more of them; if you die, tell them all." (Zhao Shan