First of all, the beauty of nature and simple innovation, the word nature is always new.
Tao's poems are unique and innovative in poetry theme, language tempering and expression techniques. His pastoral poetry follows "Sao" and inherits "Three Caos", creating a precedent for pastoral poetry. For example, "Returning to the Garden" (3) wrote: "The beans are planted at the foot of Nanshan, and the grass is full of bean seedlings; In the morning, I will treat the waste and take Yuelian home. " After reading this poem with friends, Su Shi wrote in Yuan Shuming with infinite emotion: "Reading this poem is a big sigh. Hey, you're guilty of getting wet by the night dew! " Through Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems, the literati praised the bitterness of labor for the first time in their creation. After the age of forty-four, the poet suffered misfortunes again and again, deepened his experience and had a more realistic and profound understanding of food and clothing work. "Take Early Rice in the Western Heaven" puts forward that "life belongs to the right path, so food and clothing are the end. Do not camp, but seek self-protection. " The poet is superior to Jin people and many excellent writers in the history of literature because he has found a new artistic conception of life through hard work. His "Liu Yu Yin Hou Yan, Tao Luo Li Tang Qian" is popular, simple, concise and affectionate, similar to "Tianjia dialect", and achieves the artistic effect of "a word is natural and meaningful, and luxury is the best to see the truth" (Yuan Haowen). There are many leaves in the green garden, so you know autumn. In the music of reviving the market, vegetation comes and goes. In the leisure time, the poet's new understanding and feelings about work are creatively reflected with simple language images, giving people a fresh and natural feeling.
Second, plain language is beautiful, and luxury is really pure.
The plain farming, pastoral scenery and tranquil mood in Tao's poems are all expressed through simple and natural language. The poet shows the meaning and significance of this charm by summarizing the art that fewer wins more. For example, the word "Jian" in the famous sentence "Seeing Nanshan leisurely" accurately conveys the poet's complacent interest in picking chrysanthemums. At first, he suddenly saw the mountain by accident, which was the inner joy of accidental discovery. A word "look" makes the artistic conception have unexpected interest. There is a saying in "Returning to the Garden" (3) that "the lotus returns on the moon". If it is "Dai Yue", it is just to wear a star for Dai Yue, and there is no emotional benefit. And "taking the moon" is to closely connect people with the moon, to integrate people's image with the scene of the moon, and to make the whole picture of poetry full of people's interest. A "belt" means that people walk with the moon. In this way, people's feelings are revealed and the subjective color of poetry becomes rich. Tao's poems seldom use exaggerated techniques, flowery words and antithetical allusions, but often tell the truth. The scenes described are the most common things in life, such as villages, chickens, dogs, bean sprouts, Sang Ma and alleys. And these ordinary things, in the poet's pen, seem dull, chewed carefully but beautiful, and have a pleasing charm.
Third, the emotional beauty of true feelings gives people a kind and simple feeling.
Tao poetry, whether narrative, scenery description or lyric, is unpretentious, without any trace of artificial carving. The theme is close to life, and the thoughts and feelings are true and profound. Tao Yuanming's works mainly focus on rural daily life and ordinary rural scenery, and write about everyday familiar ordinary things, such as grass houses, crows, barking dogs, streams, spring breeze, winter snow, pine chrysanthemums, birds and other extremely ordinary rural scenery, as well as daily rural life such as work, rest, drinking, reading and neighborhood communication. Ordinary rural scenes appeared as important aesthetic images for the first time. The poet deliberately portrayed the countryside as the opposite of corrupt officialdom and dirty society and praised it. Ordinary scenery, but he can realize the true meaning of life that is difficult to convey. After his description, it constitutes a quiet pastoral landscape. Between the lines, the poet's joy of "staying in the cage for a long time and returning to nature" flows happily, without deliberately carving or over-exaggerating, quietly conveying the true feelings and good intentions of life. Agricultural production and labor in the poet here, there is also a feeling of "heart to heart", such as "morning prosperity, waste filth, take the moon lotus home", see the new seedlings grow sturdily, feel the spring breeze, accompanied by stars and moons, how comfortable the poet's heart should be. The scene of rural prosperity and the image of Dai Yue written by the poet make us feel so kind and simple.
Fourth, the technique of blending scenes to achieve the realm of selflessness.
Tao Yuanming's description of the scenery in his poems is not the same, nor is it rich in color. In narrative, we don't pay attention to the integrity of the plot and the story of faltering, but only write about what we have seen and ordinary things, but express our true feelings about the world and life. He has no intention of accurately and vividly shaping mountains and rivers, but only wants to express a world in his heart. In his works, towering Nanshan, chrysanthemums blooming in the wild, lotus hoes returning in the moonlight, kitchen smoke rising, trees in front of the hall full of clear shade in summer, and pines, grasses and birds often appearing in poems all bear the poet's subjective feelings and reflect the poet's personality, which is both a concrete image and a rational light. For example, "Drinking" (V): "Building a house is in a human environment, and there are no chariots and horses. Ask what you can do, your heart is far from self-prejudice. Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, you can see Nanshan leisurely. The mountains are getting better and better, and the birds are back. There is a real meaning in this, and I have forgotten what I want to say. " In the noisy environment, the poet always kept his inner peace, was not disturbed by secular disputes, and wandered alone to enjoy the scenery in the wild, and his heart met Nanshan leisurely, reaching the realm of selflessness. When the sun goes down, the blue air rises and tired birds fly back to their nests. This scene constitutes a wonderful scenery in the poet's heart, leading to infinite pleasure. Life is like this, what can people expect? The reason in Tao Yuanming's poems is not abstract preaching, but his real experience of life. Through the contrast between emotion and scenery, interesting and reasonable words are naturally expressed.
Fifth, the artistic style of pastoral poetry has created an unprecedented era.
Tao Yuanming's poetry created a brand-new aesthetic way and artistic realm, and made outstanding contributions to the development of China's poetry. Although some previous poets have noticed the philosophy of understanding life through nature, they have produced the seeds of pastoral poetry. But they didn't turn their attention to the ordinary and quiet rural life. It is only in Tao Yuanming's works that rural life and rural scenery are regarded as the first aesthetic perspective for the first time. Tao Yuanming regarded agricultural labor as a simple way of life and praised its aesthetic taste, which opened up a unique space for future generations. The artistic features of Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems have long been summarized as "simplicity, naturalness and truthfulness". But this is not influenced by folk songs, but the poet's conscious aesthetic pursuit. Fundamentally speaking, this is also determined by his "natural" philosophy. In his view, the man-made complex consciousness destroys the naturalness in social life, the pretentious behavior of human beings destroys the naturalness in human nature, and the excessive pursuit of poetic appearance and form destroys the naturalness of feelings. Therefore, it is difficult to find gorgeous words in his poems, let alone profound sentences. Contradictory sentences are also commonly used in Tao poems, but they are simple and do not deliberately pursue exquisiteness. Tao Yuanming's poems are full of feelings, but his feelings are not restless and irrational, but more calm thinking. This combination of thinking and philosophical thinking has reached a Qingyuan artistic conception. This aesthetic realm was unprecedented and groundbreaking in his time. Tao Yuanming's poems inspire people to pursue a better life and deny and resist the dark society. Plain, natural and simple style is its basic theme, and criticizing the current disadvantages and realizing the ideal is its main content. The work "Glaring at King Kong" is the expression of its bold and strong personality and a harmonious whole.
Extended content: Brief introduction of poet Tao Yuanming.
Tao Yuanming
Superb and indifferent, he was a first-rate figure in Jin and Song Dynasties. When it comes to hunger, he is always empty and has no food at home. Speaking of cold, he is a coarse cloth and short coat, and he still wears kudzu clothes in summer in winter without changing clothes. His house is empty, so it is difficult to keep out the cold wind and the sun. Poverty can be said to be extreme. After reading his "The Dissipation of Harmony", I said: "I often hate myself for not having a wife like Mrs. Chu, an old woman, to enlighten me, so I have to embrace such pains myself. Although not born of one mother, we should also think about the meaning of being brothers in the world. Guan Zhonghe of Qi is a friend, and there is no doubt that they share profits in business. Outsiders can do this, not to mention that you are half brothers! " So, Tao Yuanming is still the son of my concubine. His "responsible son"
It is said that "Yonghe Duan is thirteen years old", so it seems that these two people must not be half-brothers. When Tao Yuanming was a county magistrate in pengze county, he ordered all public fields to plant sorghum, saying, "In this way, I can always get drunk and be satisfied." However, his wife and son insisted on planting japonica rice, so he ordered two hectares and fifty acres of sorghum to make wine and fifty acres of japonica rice as food. He also said in his autobiography, "The harvest of the public field is enough to make wine, so I asked Peng, a small official." He had hoped that the crops he planted would mature and he would leave his post after one year. However, from the Mid-Autumn Festival to the winter, he only took office for more than 80 days and was automatically dismissed. The so-called sorghum japonica rice can't eat a grain, which is pathetic!
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Tao Yuanming was the first generation in Jin and Song Dynasties. Hungry is empty, no millet; Its cold brown knot, its winter old; Its home is bleak around, and windy days can't be covered. Poverty can be described as extreme. After reading Shu Yu Yan Zi, Yun said, "I hate having no wife in my room, so I took great pains. Although you are not born the same, you should think that the four seas are brothers, Guan Zhong and Uncle Bao, who are rich and wealthy, and who are nice and in the same situation as their father! " However, there are still bastards. The poem "Responsibility" says: "Harmony is the end of the thirteenth year." These two people must be different mothers. Yuanming is in Pengze. He told Gong Tian to grow crops. He said, "I often get drunk." My wife invited me to plant japonica rice, so I planted 20 hectares and 50 acres of japonica rice. His self-report is also like this: "The benefit of the public field is enough for wine, so I ask for it myself." I still hope to die in an instant, but from the Mid-Autumn Festival to the winter, I have been in office for more than 80 days, that is, I was relieved of my post. The so-called glutinous rice, covered with particles that have never been taken, sad husband!