Qi Baishi (1864- 1957), a native of Xiangtan, Hunan Province, was a master of Chinese painting in the 20th century, one of the top ten painters in the 20th century and a world cultural celebrity. Qi Baishi 1 864 65438+1October1(22nd of the third year of Qing Tongzhi) was born in Xingziwu, Baishipu, Xiangtan County, and1September 1957 16 (August 23rd of Ding You) died in Beijing at the age of 97. The imperial clan sent Chunzhi, posthumous title, Huang, Zi, Lanting, alias Baishishan, and died in the name of Qi Baishi; There are a large number of pen names and self-names, such as Da Qi, Mu Ren, Mujushi, Hongdousheng, descendants of the former residence in the Tang Dynasty, borrowing Shan Weng, borrowing the owner of Yin Shan Pavilion, sending Garden, Pingweng, sending Pingtang Owner, President of Longshan, the rich man of three hundred lithographs, and the owner of Bai Shu Pear Flower.
Qi Baishi was born in poverty, worked as a farm worker and studied carpentry. Starting from a folk painter, I studied the original works of the ancients, studied poetry and calligraphy, traveled mountains and rivers, and served as aides and guests. Finally, he became a great man through the ages who combined poetry, calligraphy, printing and painting. He perfectly unified the spirit of Chinese painting with the spirit of the times, which made Chinese painting gain international attention. His simple and modest spirit, self-confidence and self-improvement make his works both rigid and flexible, and his works are excellent, and he deserves to be called a people's artist. Generally speaking, flowers, birds, insects, fish and landscape figures are all refined and new, creating a simple and fresh art world for the history of modern painting in China. He successfully conveyed the modern artistic spirit of Chinese painting with the classic brushwork, and was good at innovation because of the classic brushwork, so his paintings can directly hit people's hearts and convey the wisdom and philosophy of life to all beings in the world. His landscape paintings express his confidence and profound understanding of artistic innovation, his figure paintings are good at expressing emotions, and his simple and generous calligraphy and vigorous brushwork are integrated into figure paintings, which improves the expressive force of characters' inner expression.
Qi Baishi's family was poor, and he studied for a year when he was young. He studied painting after herding cattle and chopping wood. 65438-0877 apprenticed as a carpenter, and changed to woodcarving the following year. He copied the Biography of Mustard Seed Orchard as a new sample of sculpture. 1888 began to learn painting, president of Longshan Poetry Society. 1890 at the age of 26, he turned to study portrait painting from Xiao Peng and Wen Shao. At the age of 27, he began to learn poetry and calligraphy from Hu Qinyuan and Shao Chen. At the age of 37, he studied with Confucian scholars and became a mentor with Li, Yang Du and others. Qi Baishi lived in his hometown, where he was born: Xingdoutang, Meigong Temple and Jiaruchong Jipingtang. From the age of 40, he left his hometown and traveled to Shaanxi, Henan, Beijing, Hebei, Hubei, Jiangxi, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Guangdong and Guangxi, enjoying the famous mountains and rivers and making friends with contemporary celebrities. Fan Fanshan, Xia Wuyi and Guo Baosun are all close friends. Painting styles range from meticulous painting to calligraphy, from calligraphy to Wei Bei, and seal cutting from Ding to Zhao. At the age of 55, he fled to the north and settled in Beijing two years later. Chen Shiceng, Xu Beihong, Luo Yinghong, Lin Fengmian, etc.
1926, Qi Baishi was appointed honorary professor of National Beiping Art College, honorary president of Beiping Artists Association, honorary professor of Central Academy of Fine Arts, research librarian of Central Museum of Literature and History, director of China People's Association for Foreign Culture, honorary president of China Painting Academy, chairman of Beijing Chinese Painting Research Association and chairman of National Artists Association. 1July 1949,1September 1953, attended the National Congress of Literary and Art Workers in China twice and was elected as a member of the National Federation of Literary and Art Circles. 1August, 954, elected as the representative of the first National People's Congress; He has a deep friendship with President Mao Zedong and has been received. 1953 1 The Ministry of Culture awarded him the honorary certificate and the title of "People's Artist"; 195565438+In February, German Democracy and China Academy of Art awarded him the honorary certificate of Communication Academician; 1956 In April, the World Peace Council awarded him 1955 International Peace Prize, and an award ceremony was held in September; 1963 was selected as a world cultural celebrity by the World Peace Council. During his stay in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he said that "the paintings are not for sale to the government". From 65438 to 0946, he resumed his career of selling paintings and managing printing. In the same year, he went to Nanjing and Shanghai to hold a solo exhibition, and served as honorary professor of Beiping Art Institute. He is the author of Poem Grass by Borrowing Mountain, Poem Grass by White Stone, Print Grass by White Stone, Autobiography of White Stone Old Man, etc. There are nearly 100 kinds of paintings such as The Complete Works of Qi Baishi. At the age of seventy-four, he went to Shu and met Huang and Jin Songcen.
Qi Baishi had two wives, seven sons and five daughters. 1874, parents decided to marry child bride Chen Chunjun. 188 1 year had sex with Chen Chunjun and had three sons (Liang Yuan, Fu Liang and Liang Kun) and two daughters. 1940, their first wife, Chen Chunjun, died in Xiangtan. 19 19, Hu Baozhu, a native of Sichuan, was hired as an assistant office. 194 1, she became an assistant office and gave birth to four sons (Liangchi, Liangsi, Liangnian and Qiliang) and three daughters. Hu Baozhu died on 1943.
[Edit this paragraph] Artistic features and ideas
Qi Baishi advocates that art is "between similarity and dissimilarity"; Painters in his later years include Fa, Shi Tao and Wu Changshuo. Formed a unique freehand brushwork style of Chinese painting, with a school of red flowers and ink leaves, especially flowers, fruits and vegetables, flowers, birds, insects and fish, figures and landscapes in Qi Baishi's works, enjoying the reputation of "Southern Wu and Northern Qi" with Wu Changshuo. With its simple folk art style and traditional literati painting style, it has reached the peak of modern flower-and-bird painting in China. Ding Jing and Huang studied seal cutting at first, and then Zhao? Uncle, and take French, Chinese and Indian; See "Sangong Mountain Monument" and "Tiantan Monument". The seal cutting method is changing again and again, and the printing style is magnificent and unrestrained, which is a representative figure in the evolution period of modern printing style. His calligraphy is widely spread in inscriptions, and he once lived in He, Jin Dongxin and other places, especially in seal script and running script. Poetry does not ask for work, has no meaning of Tang and Song Dynasties, learns from nature, has a clever brushwork and has a unique style. His painting and printing poets call it the four musts. I have worked hard all my life, worked tirelessly, earned my own living, and have high moral character, especially national integrity. He left more than 30,000 paintings, more than 3,000 poems, self-reports and other manuscripts, and wrote many volumes. His works have been printed repeatedly in various forms.
Qi Baishi was greatly influenced by Chen Shiceng in painting art, and he also learned from Wu Changshuo. He specializes in flowers and birds, and his pen is full of ink. But drawing insects is meticulous and extremely fine. He also praised Xu Wei, Zhu Da, Shi Tao and Jin Nong. Shrimp, crab, cicada, butterfly, fish, bird and ink are especially vivid, full of the vitality of nature. Landscape composition is unique and unconventional, full of creative spirit, unique seal cutting and outstanding calligraphy, which is well known to everyone. Qi Baishi's paintings are against unrealistic dreams. He often pays attention to the characteristics of flowers, birds, insects and fish and tries to figure out their spirit. He once said: To draw a picture of all kinds of insects, to draw a picture of all kinds of birds, you must draw your own face. His sentences are very witty and clever. He drew two chickens fighting for a bug, and the title said, "I'll call you tomorrow." A picture of cotton reads: "Flowers warm the world, but flowers cool the world". The title of "Tumbler Map" is "Autumn fans shake white on both sides, and official robes are black."
[Edit this paragraph] Market quotation of the work
Qi Baishi worked hard all his life and painted a lot. He gets flustered if he doesn't draw for one day, and itches if he doesn't carve his fingers for five days. His works are amazing and surprisingly good. As short as 1953, there are more than 600 large and small works. 1922, Chen Shiceng introduced Qi Baishi's paintings to Tokyo for the Sino-Japanese Friendship Exhibition, which was very popular. They were all sold at high prices, but at that time his paintings were priced very low in China. In the 1920s, under the impetus of Xu Beihong, Qi Baishi's works were gradually recognized by collectors, and the price rose steadily. At present, it is difficult to see Qi Baishi's works for public sale in the domestic primary market. Calligraphy and painting shops will buy his original works at a high price, but rarely see them sold at a marked price. In Hongkong and new york markets, Qi Baishi's works are auctioned regularly every year. He is the most auctioned modern painter. In the Hong Kong market, his latest price is about 3 million-110,000 Hong Kong dollars, and the higher price was created in 1989, reaching10.2 million Hong Kong dollars. In the domestic auction market, Qi Baishi's price is the highest, and the highest record is a picture book of Landscape auctioned by Guardian Auction Company, with a price of 5 1.7 million yuan. Later, Guardian held a special auction of Qi Baishi's works. Although the effect is good, the price of Qi Baishi's works has been in a downturn since then.
[Edit this paragraph] Qi Baishi's picture album has created a sky-high price.
On May 3rd, 2008, 12 episodes of flowers, grasshoppers and insects, written by Qi Baishi at the age of 95, was sold at an auction price of 24.64 million yuan, setting a new record in the history of master Baishi's calligraphy and painting, which once again attracted collectors' favor for the unique charm of the "album" and attracted special attention from the market.
Qi Baishi's works
As we all know, vertical axis, nave and screen bar are the main forms of traditional painting and calligraphy. However, due to its large scale and mostly scrolls, it not only needs to be hung when enjoying, but also is inconvenient to store and carry. Therefore, since the Tang Dynasty, some people have cut several scroll paintings and decorated them into books. Since then, people have put a number of small paintings and calligraphy, with borders on each page, supplementary pages on the front and back, and panels on the top and bottom, with compositions ranging from four to eight.
Qi Baishi's meticulous "Twelve Pages of Flower Grasshopper" was painted by an old man in his sixties: butterflies, moths, flies, mantis, dragonflies, grasshoppers, crickets, wasps, bees, cicadas and weaver girls. Every grasshopper's body details, the softness, hardness, texture and transparency of its wing muscles are all shown. Thirty years after the painting of Grass Worm, the old man Baishi made up the landscape inscription, making this twelve-page Flower and Grass Worm a clever structure that integrates Qi Baishi's early meticulous grass worm and late flower, melon, fruit, still life and calligraphy art essence. The old man's white stone complements the scenery, is freehand, vigorous and simple, incisively and vividly, which is in sharp contrast with the delicacy of grass insects, and it is rare to see each other. No wonder even the old man Baishi praised himself: I am 95 years old and I am still Baishi!
[Edit this paragraph] Life anecdote
During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, the commander and spy chief of Beiping puppet police announced his birthday and invited Qi Baishi, a master of Chinese painting, to a banquet to paint. Qi Baishi came to the banquet, looked around the room full of guests, thought for a while and spread out the paper. In the blink of an eye, an ink crab jumped onto the paper. Everyone was full of praise and beaming with joy. Unexpectedly, with a stroke of his pen, Qi Baishi wrote a line on the painting: "See how long you have to be wild", then wrote "General Wu Tie", and then looked up and left.
A traitor wants a painting. Qi Baishi painted a tumbler with a white nose and a black silk hat, and wrote a poem: "The black silk and white fan are like officials, and the makeup is suddenly broken without pouring the original mud." Where is the heart? "
1937 Japanese money flew in and the invading army occupied Beiping. In order not to be used by the enemy, Qi Baishi insisted on staying at home and posted a notice at the door, saying, "Chinese and foreign officials can use representatives to buy Baishi's paintings without having to drive to the door in person. They have never been in the house, and the official has entered the house, which is unfavorable to the owner. I hereby inform you that you will not accept it. " Qi Baishi was not satisfied, so he drew another picture to show his intention. The picture is very special. When people draw a jade bird, they let it stand on a stone or lotus path and look at the fish on the water. However, Qi Baishi painted not sturgeon on the water, but shrimp in deep water, and wrote an inscription on the painting: "Those who have never painted jade must paint fish, and I paint shrimp alone, but the shrimp does not float." Where is the jade? " Qi Baishi closed the door to thank guests, calling himself shrimp, and compared the official traitor and the Japanese to jade, which was hidden and thought-provoking.
When Qi Baishi was in his 70 s, he said to people: I just know that I can't draw. People unanimously praised the modesty of the old man. The old painter said, I really can't draw. People praised him more and more, but of course no one believed what he said.
[Edit this paragraph] Qi Baishi in Picasso's eyes
When it comes to Qi Baishi, many young people may be unfamiliar with this "outstanding artist of China people" and "world cultural celebrity". Here, I will talk about the influence of the old man Baishi from the evaluation of foreign painters.
Spanish artist Picasso once said, "I dare not go to your China, because there is a Qi Baishi in China."
Qi Baishi is our revered master, "the great painter of the East!" (Picasso). Qi Baishi is different from Wu Changshuo, Huang and Pan Tianshou. Qi Baishi is not a literati painter in the traditional sense. His success lies in that he has ruled the painting world in China for hundreds of years from a literati painter, and created an unprecedented realm in the field of literati painting with a farmer's simple feelings, a sincere childlike innocence and an old and bitter literati pen. This realm is praised by the traditional literati class and the general public, thus laying the historical position of Qi Baishi in the painting world. His paintings are full of the fragrance of earth and the breath of life. His works are both natural and simple, realizing the unity of folk art and traditional art, the unity of sketch and freehand brushwork, and the unity of meticulous brushwork and artistry, with infinite vitality.
1June, 956, Zhang Daqian visited Picasso and was not allowed to meet for three times. Zhang Daqian is a painter who won't stop until he reaches his goal. Finally, he met Picasso. Picasso moved out a bundle of paintings without saying anything. Zhang Daqian carefully appreciated them one by one and found that none of them were Picasso's own original works, but all of them were Qi Baishi's paintings. Picasso said to him after reading it: "Qi Baishi is really a great painter in the East! ..... China painter's magic! The fish in Mr. Qi's ink paintings are not colored, but people can see the long river and the fish swimming around. I can't draw ink bamboo orchids. " He also said to Zhang Daqian, "Speaking of art, first of all, your art, your art in China ..." "What I don't understand most is why do you China people come to Paris to study art?" A great western painter commented on Qi Baishi in this way, which shows his value.
Qi Baishi moved everything he was interested in and familiar with in his life into his paintings. His selection of materials broke through the strict boundary between pure folk painting and academic painting. No painter in history has his rare enthusiasm for expressing the real world. He used ordinary things as painting materials, thus making his paintings more abundant than ever before.
[Edit this paragraph] Appreciation of famous paintings
Appreciation of Qi Baishi's "Ten Miles of Frog Sound Mountain Spring"
Draw a frog, only a few tadpoles swim upstream, next to rocks. It is said that this is Lao She's topic, and many painters are involved. Finally, Qi Baishi was recognized as the best. Why?
It turns out that the appreciation of works of art (including literary works, especially poems) is inseparable from the life experience of the appreciator. Based on the images entrusted by Pingping, people arouse the accumulation of life, expand association and imagination, from which they will feel an artistic beauty and restore the picture to the reality of life.
Specifically, from the tadpoles in the picture, we think that tadpoles are the eggs of frogs, and naturally think of frogs; Frogs have a love affair before mating and keep chirping. This is called "listening to frogs". So, without frogs, there would be no tadpoles. In other words, if there are tadpoles, there must be frogs.
Look at the tadpoles in the picture. They swam against the current, not downstream. This means that this is their hometown with their parents. They can't leave here. What about their parents? Perhaps, they are hiding under a big stone next to them and watching their children play with great interest. However, they will not be drawn on the screen.
Main works:
Shrimp is very interesting. Qian Fan is full of photos of the ancients.