Classical Chinese is a kind of written language in China, which mainly includes written language based on spoken language in the pre-Qin period. Commonly known as "yes." During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, no articles were invented to record characters, but bamboo slips, silks and other things were used to record characters, and silks were expensive, bamboo slips were huge and the number of words recorded was limited. In order to record more things on a roll of bamboo slips, unimportant words must be deleted. It can be said that "classical Chinese" is the earliest "compressed" format of written records in the world. Later, when "paper" was used on a large scale, the habit of using "official documents" among the ruling classes had been finalized, and the ability to use "classical Chinese" had evolved into a symbol of reading and literacy.
2. The difference between ancient poetry and classical Chinese is simply the difference between modern prose and poetry.
Not much.
Ancient poetry pays attention to the depth of words and the fluency of sentences, and explains the greatest truth with the least words.
The meaning (what the author wants to express) has no dialogue situation.
Classical Chinese emphasizes the depth of words, but it is shallower than ancient poetry. "Wen" means writing an article.
"Speech" means writing, expressing and recording.
"Classical Chinese", that is, written language, is relative to "spoken language", which is also called "vernacular".
The last word "Wen" refers to works, articles, etc. , which means genre. In ancient times, all articles were written in written language. Therefore, now we generally refer to ancient Chinese as "classical Chinese"
"Classical Chinese" refers to "articles written in written language" which are generally understandable and can have dialogue scenes.
I can understand this in general, and I don't want to read too much.
3. The difference between the original publisher of ancient poetry and classical Chinese: deep gaze.
The differences in literary features between poetic style and ci style are as follows: 1, and the differences in the relationship with music. There are great differences in literary characteristics between poetic style and ci style. Let's illustrate the differences in literary characteristics between metrical poems and ci poems by comparing them. First of all, the relationship between poetry and music is different. China's classical poetry had an indissoluble bond with music from the very beginning, but poetry eventually broke away from music, and only after breaking away from music did it become mature and prosperous. However, Ci originated from the soil of music, and musicality is the most basic feature of Ci-style literature. Even if the Southern Song Dynasty Ci no longer completely entered the musical aria, but became a new rhythmic poem, it still had to be filled according to the rhythm and melody stipulated in the Ci, and the brand of music could not be erased. 2. Differences in external forms The differences in external forms are manifested in sentence patterns, syntax, rhythm and duality. First of all, from the syntactic point of view, metrical poems are unified, and the length of ancient poems is arbitrary; The sentence patterns of words are uneven, but the uneven aria of words is also stipulated by the meter; Secondly, the syntax of poetry is also very different, the metrical poetic style is relatively fixed, and the rhythm is 23 and 223; The syntax of words is flexible and diverse, and one word provokes people to travel thousands of miles; Third, the rhyme rules of poetry are different. Metric poems only use flat rhymes, rhyme to the end, rhyme every other sentence, and the first sentence can be suppressed or not; The word is flat, the rhyme can be changed in the middle and the rhyme foot can be changed, but it is stipulated by the meter; Finally, the antithesis rules of poetry are quite different. The second couplet and the third couplet of metrical poems must be antithetical, but if they are antithetical, they are much more flexible and have no unified requirements. If the foot is right, it can be right or wrong. "eye-catching" 3. The theme and content of different poems are also very different. Poetry mainly focuses on political themes, with the rise and fall of the country, the sufferings of people's livelihood, ambition and the ups and downs of official career as the main contents, mainly expressing social groups.
4. Does China's classical poetry include classical Chinese?
Ancient poetry is generally a combination of ancient prose (classical Chinese) and ancient poetry, including poetry and even Fu. Classical Chinese generally includes prose and parallel prose.
Prose generally has no rhyme or only a certain part has rhyme, while parallel prose is a poetic prose that uses rhyme from beginning to end and requires antithesis. In ancient times, especially before the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the word that distinguished the two concepts was "literary style", which was an article with rhyme, including poetry and parallel prose, while "pen" was an article without rhyme, such as classical Chinese novels, such as Search for Ji Shen and Natural History.
Of course, neither ancient poetry nor classical Chinese can cover all the styles in ancient China. These two concepts are the meaning of the future. If you open the poems of ancient writers, you will find more different styles.
5. What are the key ancient poems, classical Chinese and famous books in junior high school? The first volume of the seventh grade: ■ (1) Ten Analects of Confucius 1. Accumulate a few idioms in the article: never tire of learning, never tire of teaching, never tire of learning new things by reviewing old ones, and be ashamed to ask questions. 2. Try to summarize the examples of learning attitude and learning methods in this paper: sensitive and eager to learn.
/Never tire of learning, never tire of teaching. /A threesome requires a teacher.
Knowing is knowing, and not knowing is not knowing. /Knowing is not as good as being good, and being good is not as good as being happy. /learning methods: learning from time to time without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is dangerous/knowing in silence/learning from the past /2. Write down the idioms still used in this lesson.
Review the past and learn the new, a long way to go, and die before you die. See the sage Si Qi and have a threesome. Don't do to others what you want them to do to you. Choose good and start from the eighth grade: ■ (2) Tao Yuanming in the Peach Blossom Garden II. Knowledge of the article: (1) Clue: Fisherman (Wu Lingren), the whereabouts in and out of Peach Blossom Garden is the clue: discovery-visit-leave-seek again, throughout.
(2) Order: Time has been thinking about it. (1) What two aspects of social fashion of Taohuayuan people are described in the third paragraph of this article? (short answer): happy life; Simple folk customs. (2) What two things in this article can explain that Peach Blossom Garden is a fictional ideal society? Find what you want, get lost, get lost; If you fail, you will find the disease.
(3) From those places in the article, we know that the content is fictional: it comes from "Taoyuan World", and the result is "no way out" and then "nobody cares". (4) Fictional purpose: to depict a society without exploitation, oppression, self-reliance, self-sufficiency, peace and tranquility, and everyone enjoying himself, in sharp contrast with the dark society at that time, and to express the author's yearning for a better life and pursuit of an ideal society.
(5) Significance of the work: Although this ideal cannot be realized, it reflects people's pursuit and yearning, and also reflects people's dissatisfaction and resistance to reality. Discuss and answer the following questions: 1, why "there is a saying in China:' It is not enough for outsiders to be humanitarian'"? Set suspense to make the story more bizarre. 2. "Peach Blossom Garden" is an ideal world created by the author. Since it doesn't exist, why did the author write it? To pin their political ideals and reflect the wishes of the broad masses of the people.
Or: pursue a free life in order to pin a beautiful ideal) 3. After the fisherman left Taoyuan, what is the role of writing about the unsuccessful visit of Taishou and Liu Ziji? (1) adds mystery. (2) It implies that this is a fictional and unattainable ideal world. (3) Text analysis: This paper fictionalizes a paradise opposite to the dark real society. With the help of this beautiful realm, the author's political ideal is pinned and the wishes of the broad masses of people are reflected.
Taohuayuan has beautiful scenery, fertile land, rich resources and simple folk customs; There is no oppression, no war, peace and stability here. But the ideal society of Xanadu described by the author can only be a fantasy, which is impossible to realize.
■ (3) The author of The Humble Room Ming (Liu Yuxi Tang) 1 The Humble Room Ming believes that the humble room is not humble: I am a humble room, but I am a virtuous person. The sentence that points out the main idea of the article is: I am humble, but I am virtuous. (3) The article describes the elegant and pleasing environment of the "humble room": the moss on the stage is green, and the curtain is green.
(4) The sentence that shows the elegance of humble host's communication is: There are great scholars in conversation and laughter, but there is no Ding Bai in communication. ⑤ The sentences that metaphorically praise the Humble Room are Zhuge Lu in Nanyang and Ting Yun Pavilion in West Shu.
⑥ Confucius quoted a sentence in the article "Humble Room Inscription": Confucius: Why is it so embarrassing? ⑦ At the end of the article, the author compares himself with the ancient sages and shows his noble interests: Zhuge Lu in Nanyang and Ting Yun Pavilion in Xishu. Today, a sentence with similar meaning to "People don't have water in a small pool, but there is Wolong in a shallow place" in "Humble Room Inscription" is: the water is not deep, and the dragon has spirit.
Answer the following questions: 1. What is the sentence in the full text of the command? I am a humble room, but I am virtuous. 2. What is the crowning touch in the article? What's the matter?
3. This paper expresses the author's interest (feelings): expressing the author's lofty moral integrity and expressing the author's interest in poverty and happiness. 4. What is the sentence that expresses the elegance of the host's communication? There is no Ding Bai who laughs and has a university.
5. What is the sentence that shows the quiet living environment of the host? The upper moss is green, and the grass in the curtain is green ■ (4) Ailian's theory (Zhou Dunyi, a philosopher in the Northern Song Dynasty). In this paper, flowers are used as metaphors to express people's voices. What kind of people do "Peony", "Chrysanthemum" and "Lotus" symbolize respectively? What thoughts and feelings does the author's description and praise of Lian contain? (1) Peony: the symbol of "the rich in flowers": the person who pursues fame and fortune.
(2) Chrysanthemum: the symbol of "flower hermit": a hermit who doesn't go with the flow. (3) Lotus: the symbol of "the gentleman of flowers": virtuous and talented people.
(Thoughts and feelings) A: Don't yearn for fame and fortune, lead an honest and clean life, and keep noble character and loyal moral integrity in a dirty world. Please use your own words to summarize the valuable qualities represented by the characteristics of the lotus, such as "not stained", "not evil", "straight through the outside", "not rambling" and "not ridiculous".
Answer: The qualities that Lotus represents are simple, noble, open-minded and naive. Virtue is widely distributed, independent and dignified. Six, this paper summarizes a sentence of the noble quality of lotus: mud does not touch, clear but not demon.
The central sentence of the full text is: the gentleman of flowers is also. 7. Rhetoric used in this article includes parallelism, rhetorical question, figurative expression, narrative and descriptive expression: symbol, setting off, understanding and reciting: ■ (5) Three Gorges (Li Daoyuan, a famous geographer and essayist in the Northern Wei Dynasty) 1, literary knowledge: Author: Li Daoyuan, a famous geographer and essayist in the Northern Wei Dynasty.
The article "Three Gorges" comes from Notes on Water Classics, which is a geography book describing ancient waterways in China. (1) Why does the article write summer first and then spring, winter and autumn? Why is spring and winter written together? As the most distinctive scenery of the Three Gorges, "mountains and water" are the most attractive, while the rivers in the Three Gorges are swift and steep in summer, so write the scenery in summer first, then the colorful scenery in spring and winter, and finally the sad scenery in autumn.
This is also in line with the order of readers' emotional cognition. It can be seen that the choice of landscape writing order depends on the content and the reader's understanding.
(2) The first paragraph of the article is about mountains, and the second paragraph is about water. What is the purpose of this arrangement? (write about the characteristics of mountains, write about water and set up columns.