A few days ago, I encountered a problem: how to understand Li Bai's masterpiece "Songs on the River"?
On Mulan's boat, pipes are blown at both ends of the boat.
The ship was loaded with thousands of Hu's wine and beautiful geisha, and let them drift in the river.
The immortal in the Yellow Crane Tower is still waiting for the Yellow Crane to leave, but I have no heart to swim with Bai Ou on foot this time.
As soon as I was happy, I put pen to paper and shook the five mountains. After the poem was written, the sound of Xiao Ao, Xiao Ao, went straight into the sea.
If fame and wealth can be used in the Han River, I am afraid that the northwest will be fought back by the northwest.
From this poem of Li Bai, we can see that he used several allusions. Among them, Qu Yuan's allusions can best reflect Li Bai's sense of incompetence. Qu Yuan once wrote a poem "Travel", saying:
Sadness is forced by custom, and I am willing to travel easily. Thin for no reason, how can you ride it? Muddy and filthy, so lonely!
Qu Yuan felt that time and customs were unacceptable, so he wanted to escape and travel far. And lamented that there was a foul smell around, and there was nothing to say.
Li Bai's poems also show his lack of talent, but Li Bai is different from Qu Yuan. Even if you are frustrated, you will always have an upward spirit. This poem embodies Li Bai's broad-minded and detached mind.
First, the creative background
This poem by Li Bai (70 1-762) was written by a guest in his thirties and forties when he was visiting Jiangxia. His life was almost halfway through. In the 12th year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (724), Li Bai wandered out of Sichuan. It once entered Chang 'an in the west, the sea in the east, Shanxi in the north, Cangwu in the south and Taiyuan in the north. But I got nothing in my career.
According to Li Bai's History of Shang 'an Peichang in the 22nd year of Kaiyuan (734), he was appreciated by Su Xiang at the age of 19.
Su Gong, a former minister of rites, went through the customs as a long history of Yizhou, and was stabbed in the Tao in vain for charity. Because the group chat said, "This son is a genius, brilliant, and he never stops writing. Although the wind is not successful, and you see the bones, if you learn extensively, you can compete with others. " History of Peichang in Shang 'an County
Su Xian (670-727) and (670-727) recorded in Su Zhuan, a Book of the New Tang Dynasty, that they were famous for their articles and made them look good, so they made great contributions.
Su Xiang was the chief historian of Yizhou in the eighth year of Kaiyuan, when Li Bai was 19 years old. Even so, Li Bai went out of Shu in 724 and was recruited into the palace by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty in the first year of Tianbao (AD 742), in which 18 was a wanderer.
This poem reflects Li Bai's psychology of pretending to be broad-minded although frustrated during this period.
Second, Mulan's Shatangzhou, with Yu Di and Jin Guan sitting at both ends.
This poem is divided into three parts. The first paragraph is four sentences, which are narrated in a slightly exaggerated style:
On Mulan's boat, pipes are blown at both ends of the boat.
There are thousands of guests in the wine, and prostitutes go with the flow.
The first four sentences are colorful and beautiful.
Mulan Ying (ship's side), Shatang (beautiful wood commonly used in ancient shipbuilding), Yu Di and Golden Flute (for singers only). There are thousands of kinds of wine, which shows its generosity.
The biography of Xie Jin records an elegant trip by Xie An:
When Sun Chuo and others and I tried to cross the sea, there was a storm, everyone was scared, and An Xiaoyin was calm. The boat people took pleasure in safety and went anyway. When the wind became bad, Xu An said, "How can this become evil?" The boatman promised to return immediately. All the salt suits its magnanimity. Although Ann loves mountains and valleys, she will follow a prostitute every time she visits.
It can be seen that literati also have the tradition of "taking prostitutes as their pleasure".
Three or four allusions express inner loss.
In the second paragraph, he used the method of contrast to express his inner loss. This passage uses four allusions:
The immortal in the Yellow Crane Tower is still waiting for the Yellow Crane to leave, but I have no heart to swim with Bai Ou on foot this time.
Qu Ping's Ci hangs the sun and the moon, and Chu Wang's pavilion is empty.
Immortals ride yellow cranes. The first sentence should mean that the immortal still lacks the perfection of the yellow crane. The inversion of "the immortal is waiting" is more common, such as a song "Broken Magnolia" in the late Tang Dynasty and early Song Dynasty:
Dong Jun is waiting. Leave fragrant snow.
There is also an explanation that after becoming a fairy, wait for the yellow crane to pick him up.
Heck has no intention of following Bai Ou, saying that he has no intention of achieving anything. Bai Ou Canon Liezi:
People at sea have good birds, and every denier swims from birds at sea. Those who reach the top of the bird will not stop. His father said, "I heard that all birds swim from you, so you take them and I play with them." On the sea tomorrow, birds will dance without falling. So say: say what you say is not to do it; Qizhi knows very shallowly.
Bai Ou's allusion is that when you don't want it, you can get it; I want it, but I can't get it. Things in the world cannot be forced. It is better to be an "unintentional sea traveler".
Qu Ping's Ci Fu hangs on the sun and the moon, and Qu Yuan's story has already been told above. Qu Yuan's ci and fu expressed the pain of loyalty to the country but helplessness and no way to follow.
The empty mountain on the terrace of King Chu means that wealth will not be there forever. But the history of Chu is relatively long, so the meaning of the king of Chu is relatively rich. In addition to Chu Huaiwang in Qu Yuan's period, there are several Chu kings with stories.
For example, the jade in Bian He is dedicated to the King of Chu. Li, king of Chu, didn't understand jade, so he cut off Bian He's left foot. Chu Wuwang (the ancestor of Qu Yuan) didn't understand jade, so he cut off Bian He's right foot. It was not until King Wen of Chu succeeded to the throne that he realized that this was indeed a beautiful jade.
After Chu Huaiwang, there was Chu Huaiwang Xiang and Chu Gaolie, the king of national subjugation. When the two kings of Chu were in power, there was a great poet of Chu, Song Yu, a legendary student of Qu Yuan. Compared with Qu Yuan, Song Yu was highly valued by two generations of Chu kings. Even so, Song Yu was helpless, seeing that Chu was going to die step by step.
Fourth, pretend to be broad-minded.
The third paragraph is a statement:
As soon as I was happy, I put pen to paper and shook the five mountains. After the poem was written, the sound of Xiao Ao, Xiao Ao, went straight into the sea. If fame and wealth can be used in the Han River, I am afraid that the northwest will be fought back by the northwest.
It is to boast that you are talented that you are happy and poetic. Fame Hanshui is pretentious and broad-minded, which shows that they "regard wealth as a cloud". It doesn't matter if I can't get it. It turns out that I am "a sea passenger who inadvertently follows Bai Ou".
Although Li Bai said that he was an "unintentional sea traveler" at this time, when he finally got the favor of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, he wrote these two poems selflessly: Go out with a smile, are we Artemisia people?
Children in Nanling don't enter Beijing.
When I came back from the mountain, the liquor was maturing, and the yellow chicken grew fat in the autumn of grain. Calling the boys to stew yellow chicken for me, the children shouted my cotton cloth with a smile.
Qing Qing Shuang sang drunk to comfort, drunk dancing won the glory in autumn and dusk. The king of great powers struggled for a long time and rushed to the ground to catch up.
Quidditch's fool looked down on poor Zhu Maichen, and now I have left my hometown to go to Chang 'an and go to Qin in the west. I went out with a big smile. How can I be a person who has lived in the wild for a long time?
Concluding remarks
Qu Yuan's stagnation and Li Bai's detachment are also the responses of different backgrounds and identities. Seeing the decline of the national fortune, Qu Yuan, a doctor of Chu State, was helpless, so he was extremely angry and worried about the country.
Li Bai lived in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, when he was just a ragged civilian. He has no painful experience of Qu Yuan. Li Bai's ideal is to be "Lv Zhonglian", not Qu Yuan who died in the river. Regrettably, Li Bai's dream did not come true until his death.
Laojie taste
The names of the four ministers of the Southern Song Dynasty were actually chosen in this collection.
This poem can fly around, fly around, what am I, but in the vast, vast world sandpiper! And will Du Fu become a lonely boat between heaven and earth?
There are tall buildings in the northwest, flush with the clouds. This kind of poetic disease is rarely committed in Tang poetry.