Name: George Herbert Walker Bush.
Title: businessman, official
Country: USA
Related introduction:
The 4th1President of the United States (19891-19931) Name: george herbert walker bush Nickname: "Poppy" Born: 1924 6 Le 12, Milton, Massachusetts Father: Prescott bush Mother: Mrs. Dorothy Walker: Barbara bush, married on1945 65438+10.6 Children: George Walker Dorothy Bush (1959) Religion: Anglican Education: Graduated from Yale University (/kloc 1976-77 vice president, 198 1-89 (during Reagan's presidency) annual salary: $200,000/year+$50,000 expenditure account.
Qian Xuesen (19 1 ~), a Chinese scientist and rocket expert, was born in Shanghai on June 1 91day+February1day, and came to Beijing with his father at the age of 3./kloc-0. Later, he stayed in the United States as a lecturer, associate professor, professor, director of supersonic laboratory and director of Guggenheim Jet Propulsion Research Center. 1950 began to work hard to return to the motherland, persecuted by the American government, and lost his freedom. 1955 took five years to return to the motherland, and since 1958, he has been the technical director of rocket, missile and spacecraft development for a long time. 1959, joined the China * * * production party. He is currently the honorary chairman of China Association for Science and Technology.
Respondent: An Qi 0523- probation level 111-2018: 48.
Ba Jin: Han nationality, born in June19041kloc-0/,a native of Chengdu, Sichuan, without party affiliation, studied at Chengdu Foreign Studies University 192 1 in June.
Studying in France 1927 to 1929. After returning to China from 65438 to 0929, he was engaged in literary creation. Shanghai Cultural Life Publishing House, Pingming Publishing House 1935 to 1950. After 1950, he served as editor-in-chief of Pingming Publishing House, vice chairman of Shanghai Federation of Literary and Art Circles, and chairman of Shanghai Branch of Chinese Writers Association. 1953 After September, he successively served as Vice Chairman of Chinese Writers Association, Literature and Art Monthly and Harvest.
References:
Yitongtong
Responder: hong suei 2- Apprentice Magician II11-2019: 59.
Han nationality, born in June, 1904, 1 1, a native of Chengdu, Sichuan, without party affiliation, studied at Chengdu Foreign Studies University in June, 192 1.
Studying in France 1927 to 1929. After returning to China from 65438 to 0929, he was engaged in literary creation. Shanghai Cultural Life Publishing House, Pingming Publishing House 1935 to 1950. After 1950, he served as editor-in-chief of Pingming Publishing House, vice chairman of Shanghai Federation of Literary and Art Circles, and chairman of Shanghai Branch of Chinese Writers Association. 1953 After September, he successively served as the vice chairman of Chinese Writers Association, editor-in-chief of Literature and Art Monthly, Harvest and Shanghai Literature. After 1962, he became the chairman of the Shanghai Federation of Literary and Art Circles, which was hit by the Cultural Revolution. 1977 turn 1983 Chairman of Chinese Writers Association, Vice Chairman of China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, and Vice Chairman of Shanghai CPPCC. 1983 vice chairman Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, chairman of Chinese writers association. In March 2003, he was elected as the vice chairman of the 10th China People's Political Consultative Conference at the first meeting of the 10th China People's Political Consultative Conference.
In June 2003, the State Council awarded Mr. Ba Jin the honorary title of "People's Writer".
He died in Shanghai at 09: 06 on June 7, 2005. & gt& gt
Delegate to the first plenary session of China People's Political Consultative Conference, and vice-chairman of the sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth sessions of China People's Political Consultative Conference. Deputies to the First, Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth National People's Congresses, and members of the Fifth the NPC Standing Committee.
Representative works Home, Spring and Autumn.
Responder: unexpected-primary 1 1-2 19: 45.
Ba Jin, a contemporary writer, is from Chengdu, Sichuan. 1920 entered Chengdu Foreign Studies University. 1923 fled the feudal family and studied in middle schools in Shanghai and Nanjing. /kloc-at the beginning of 0/927, he went to France to study and wrote his first novel, Death, which was published under the pseudonym of Ba Jin. /kloc-returned to Shanghai at the end of 0/928 to engage in creation and translation. From 1929 to 1937, he wrote Home, which mainly represented novels, the Riptide Trilogy, as well as Dream of the Sea, Autumn in Spring, Satin, MengMeng (Snow), Rebirth and Love Trilogy. Ghosts? People and other short stories, as well as essays such as A Journey to the Sea, Memories and Notes. With his unique style and rich creation, Lu Xun called him "a writer with enthusiasm and progressive thoughts, one of the few good writers". In the meantime, he served as the editor-in-chief of Cultural Life Publishing House, and the editor-in-chief publications included Wen Ji Monthly and Literature Series.
After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Ba Jin devoted himself to anti-Japanese and national salvation cultural activities in various places, edited newspapers and periodicals such as Shout and Wang Jiu Daily, created a sequel to Home, Spring and Autumn Annals, a trilogy of anti-Japanese novels (also known as Fire), and published a collection of short stories, a revived soul, little people and trivia, and a collection of essays. Tiger? Dogs, etc. In the late period and after the Anti-Japanese War, Ba Jin's creation turned to criticize the dark reality in the Kuomintang-controlled areas and strongly criticized and attacked the old system that was about to collapse. The novella "The Garden of Resting", "The Fourth Ward" and the novel "Cold Night" with artistic characteristics are representative works in this respect.
Respondent: 463 122552- probation level 111-2120: 30.
Ba Jin wrote about sunrise. Missile manufacturer Qian Xuesen. It is said that the previous presidents of Bush have the lowest IQ, which is lower than the American average.
Respondent: Ephedra sinica-probation level 111-2316: 48.
Ba Jin (1904 ~ 2005.10.17) was originally named Li Yaotang, and his pen names were Pei Gan, Yu Yi and Wang Wenhui. A native of Chengdu, Sichuan Province, was an important figure in the history of China literature in the 20th century. He is determined to be a social activist, a novelist and an essayist. 1920 entered Chengdu Foreign Studies University. 1923 fled the feudal family and studied in middle schools in Shanghai and Nanjing. /kloc-at the beginning of 0/927, he went to France to study and wrote his first novel, Death, which was published under the pseudonym of Ba Jin. /kloc-returned to Shanghai at the end of 0/928 to engage in creation and translation. From 1929 to 1937, he wrote Home, which mainly represented novels, the Riptide Trilogy, as well as Dream of the Sea, Autumn in Spring, Satin, MengMeng (Snow), Rebirth and Love Trilogy. (Fog, rain, electricity)
Name: George Herbert Walker Bush.
Title: businessman, official
Country: USA
Related introduction:
The 4th1President of the United States (1989 65438+1October-1993 65438+1October) Name: George Herbert Walker Bush.
Qian Xuesen (19 1 ~), a Chinese scientist and rocket expert, was born in Shanghai on June 1 91day+February1day, and came to Beijing with his father at the age of 3./kloc-0. Later, he stayed in the United States as a lecturer, associate professor, professor, director of supersonic laboratory and director of Guggenheim Jet Propulsion Research Center. 1950 began to work hard to return to the motherland, persecuted by the American government, and lost his freedom. 1955 took five years to return to the motherland, and since 1958, he has been the technical director of rocket, missile and spacecraft development for a long time. 1959, joined the China * * * production party. He is currently the honorary chairman of China Association for Science and Technology.
References:
Choose me
Respondent: 5977 15625- magic apprentice level 111-2316: 54.
■ Life
Mother is the "first gentleman"
1 904 1 1 25. Ba Jin was born in a feudal bureaucratic family in Zhengtongshun Street, Chengdu, Sichuan. Li Yaotang, whose real name is Bi Gan, is taken from the first sentence "Gai Gan Tang" in The Book of Songs, Zhao Nan and Gan Tang. Grandfather Li Yong and father Li Daohe are all Manchu officials. Ba Jin ranked fourth.
His mother's teaching of "loving everyone" had a great influence on Ba Jin. Later, he called his mother his "first husband". /kloc-at the age of 0/0, his mother died of illness, and his eldest brother Li Yaomei and his third brother Li Yaolin became the two most important people in his life. Eldest brother is mature and smart, but his life and future are ruined by his father's marriage law. Ba Jin, who had been familiar with A Dream of Red Mansions since childhood, found that his extended family was like Jia Fu where Baodai lived.
Stepping into the literary world with "death"
1923 In May, 19-year-old Ba Jin left Sichuan for Shanghai with his brother Yao Lin, and soon went to the middle school affiliated to Nanjing Southeast University to study. 1925 After graduation in summer, I often published papers and translated them. When he went to France from 65438 to 0927, Ba Jin, who originally planned to study economics, became interested in literature because he was exposed to a large number of world literary masterpieces. The following year, he finished his first novella Death in Paris, and used the pseudonym "Ba Jin" for the first time. 1929 After the publication of Novel Monthly, it aroused strong repercussions and entered the literary world.
1928 After returning to China in the winter, Ba Jin lived in Shanghai. There are many works in recent years, including Death Day, Rebirth and the famous trilogy of Love, Fog, Rain and Electricity. 193 1 year, Home, one of the famous novels "Riptide Trilogy", was serialized in The Times.
From 65438 to 0934, Ba Jin served as the editorial board of Literature Quarterly in Beijing, and in the autumn of the same year, he traveled to Japan. Returning to China the following year, he served as the editor-in-chief of Shanghai Cultural Life Publishing House and published such publications as Literature Series. During his stay in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he traveled to Shanghai, Guangzhou, Guilin and Chongqing, insisting on literary creation. 1938 and 1940 published the novels Spring and Autumn respectively, and completed the torrent trilogy. From 1940 to 1945, he wrote the trilogy of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and fire. In the late period of the Anti-Japanese War, he created novellas "Resting Garden" and "The Fourth Ward". 1946 Finish the novel Cold Night. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he mainly engaged in translation, editing and publishing.
He was persecuted during the Cultural Revolution.
1949 On May 27th, Ba Jin ushered in the liberation of Shanghai with excitement. In July, he was invited to attend the National Congress of Literary and Art Workers in China. At this meeting, Ba Jin was elected as a member of the National Committee of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles. 1950 served as the vice chairman of Shanghai Federation of Literary and Art Circles. 1960 was elected as the vice chairman of the Chinese Federation of Literary and Art Circles and the Chinese Writers Association. During the Cultural Revolution, Ba Jin was brutally persecuted and was once put in a bullpen. It was not until 1977 that he officially resumed his right to write.
After the Cultural Revolution, from 65438 to 0978, Ba Jin serialized his essay Random Thoughts in Hong Kong Ta Kung Pao. 1985, he initiated the establishment of China Museum of Modern Literature. Ba Jin's works have been translated into many languages. From 1982 to 1985, he has successively won the Italian Dante International Honor Award, the French Medal of Honor, the honorary doctor of literature of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, and the honorary academician of the American Academy of Literature and Art. He can be called a master of contemporary literary circles in China. In June 2003, Ba Jin was awarded the honorary title of "People's Writer".
■ Love
Experience with mountains.
From 65438 to 0936 in Shanghai, Ba Jin, who was only 32 years old, had an excellent reputation in both literary creation and translation. At that time, there were many people pursuing Ba Jin, but he didn't like anyone. Among the patriotic students who wrote to him, one girl wrote to him the most. Her handwriting is beautiful and she doesn't talk much. She always writes "A teenage girl". The girl's letter left a special impression on Ba Jin. They have been communicating with Cinda for half a year, but they have never met. Finally, the girl wrote in the letter: "The written dialogue is so harmonious, why can't we face the interview?" I hope that Mr. Li (the original name of Ba Jin) can agree to my request ... "The letter not only agreed on the time and place, but also attached her photo.
As agreed in the letter, that morning, Ba Jin came to the agreed hotel with curiosity. After a while, a girl with a student head and a school uniform appeared. Before Ba Jin could smell it, the girl cried as happily as an acquaintance: "Oh, Mr. Li, are you early?" Ba Jin smiled humbly: "Alas, you are early!" She looked at Ba Jin with big, flickering eyes and said with a gentle and cheerful smile, "Mr. Li, you are much younger than I expected." The inarticulate Ba Jin suddenly lost a lot of restraint and said happily, "You are more like a doll than I thought! Can you tell me your name now? " So Xiao Shan, who is 18 years old, began to introduce herself. Since then, the two have been in love for 8 years.
1944 In May, Ba Jin and Xiao Shan got married in Guilin. The following year, they gave birth to their daughter Li Xiaolin. Five years later, he added his son Li Xiaotong. For 28 years, I have loved each other and cared for each other. I have never quarreled once, and I have been red once. During the Cultural Revolution, Xiao Shan and Ba Jin supported and cared for each other. I don't know how many times Ba Jin has concealed his inhuman treatment from Xiao Shan, who was beaten by a copper scalp belt for Ba Jin. Xiao Shan died at noon on August 1972. She kept chanting Ba Jin's name before she died. After Xiao Shan's death, her ashes have been kept in Ba Jin's bedroom. There are Xiao Shan's translations at Ba Jin's bedside, and Ba Jin often loses himself in these items. Ba Jin had a deep affection for Xiao Shan, and wrote articles such as Remembering Xiao Shan, Remembering Xiao Shan, and Beautiful Eyes.
■ Friendship
Friendship between Gan and Bing
Ba Jin found warmth in Bing Xin's works and lost his maternal love. He and his younger brother learned to write small poems while reading Bing Xin's Stars. He never forgets these poems. When he was young, he and Bing Xin loved the stars and the sea together. As an adult, Bing Xin is not only his sister, but also his spiritual pillar. Ba Jin, who was tortured by illness for many times, wanted to stop writing, but when he saw that Bing Xin was still writing and shouting, he "didn't dare to lie down, didn't dare to be silent, and picked up the pen again". 1May 5, 989, Ba Jin wrote to Bing Xin: "70 years later, I am still following you." 1On May 20th, 994, Ba Jin wrote: "The existence of Sister Bing Xin is a great power. She is a bright lamp, illuminating the road ahead of me. She is more optimistic than me. With the light on, I strode confidently forward. I won't feel lonely when the light is on. "
Ba Jin first met Xiao Gan at Shen Congwen's house. Xiao gan once wrote: "I can survive ... thanks to two people, one is that I can't bother him anymore, and the other is that I should call him' master'." These two men are Shen Congwen and Ba Jin.
Many of Xiao Gan's works before liberation were edited and published by Ba Jin. The book "Across the Taiwan Strait" was collected, sorted and published by Ba Jin from the newspaper office. It can be said that Xiao Gan was engaged in literary creation under the urging and encouragement of Ba Jin. When the spring of literature and art came, Ba Jin told Xiao Gan, "My request for you is to write three or four books, novels or essays before you are 80 years old." Xiao Gan didn't live up to "Master"
Ba Jin memorabilia
★1904165438+1October 25th
Born in Sichuan, whose real name is Li Yaotang.
★ 1927
Go to France to study.
★ 1928
Complete "Death", signed by Ba Jin.
★ 1933
Home is published by Ming Kai Publishing House.
★ 1937
"Scream" was published and served as the publisher.
★ 1944
Marry Xiao Shan.
★ 1946
Together with Mao Dun, he published the Declaration of China Cultural Circles Against Civil War and Striving for Freedom.
★ 1960
Elected vice chairman of the Federation of Literary and Art Circles.
★ 1966
Put it in a cowshed in Shanghai.
★ 1973
The Gang of Four announced their opinions on dealing with Ba Jin: "To deal with contradictions among the people, don't wear counter-revolutionary hats, pay living expenses, and do some translation."
★ 1977
Restore the right to publish works.
★ 1979
The first part of Random Thoughts was published.
★ 1982
Won the "Dante International Award".
★ 1984
Suffering from Parkinson's syndrome.
★ 1994
The 26-volume Complete Works of Ba Jin was published by People's Literature Publishing House.
★ 1996
Elected chairman of the fifth Committee of Chinese Writers Association.
★ 1999
I was admitted to East China Hospital (Shanghai), and I got sick many times. Since then, he has not been discharged from the hospital.
★200 1 year
Elected chairman of the Sixth Committee of Chinese Writers Association.
★2003
Centenary birthday.
The origin of ba Jin's pen name
There have been many misinformations about the origin of the pseudonym "Ba Jin". 1985, Ba Jin replied to the editor of the journal of the Chinese University of Hong Kong: "1928, I finished writing" Death "in La Fontaine Middle School in Sardo-Giry, France, and wanted to take a pen name, just as my China classmate' Babone' drowned and committed suicide. In memory of him, I took the word' ba'. When I translated Kropotkin's Origin and Development of Ethics, I took the word' Jin' and synthesized the pseudonym' Ba Jin'. "
References:
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Respondent: develop immediately-new to Jianghu level 211-2718:16.
Bajin Kensuke
Ba Jin, formerly known as Li Yaotang, has a sweet word. Born in Chengdu, Sichuan (originally from Jiaxing, Zhejiang),/kloc-0 was born in an old-fashioned family in Chengdu on October 25th.
/kloc-in the autumn of 0/920, Ba Jin entered Chengdu Foreign Studies University. Under the influence of the May 4th New Culture Movement, he read a lot of western literature and social science works, especially under the influence of anarchism and productism in socialist ideological trend. 192 1 participated in social group work with friends such as Half Moon Club and Junshe Club, 1922 began to publish poetry creation. 1923 left Chengdu in April, went to Shanghai, Nanjing and other places, and finished high school in the middle school affiliated to Southeast University. 1925 organize mass organizations with friends, run people's bimonthly, and engage in theoretical exploration and social movements of anarchy.
From 65438 to 0927, Ba Jin went to study in Paris, France. During this period, he actively participated in the international activities to rescue Italian workers' leaders Sarkozy and Fanzate who were framed by the American government, and was influenced by it to write a novella "Death", praising revolutionary youth who died for their ideals. 1929 After returning to China, because the anarchist movement had failed, he pinned his despair and anger on literary fiction. His novels have two themes: one is to explore the way for young people to pursue their ideals and beliefs, and his representative works include Rebirth and Love Trilogy (fog, rain and electricity); The second is to expose the evils of the feudal family system, thus alluding to the evils of the social autocratic system. Representative works include Autumn in Spring and Riptide Trilogy (Home, Spring and Autumn), which are warm and sincere, with strong characters' emotions and great social influence.
Ba Jin settled in Shanghai in 1930s, constantly traveled north and south, and created a large number of prose travel notes. /kloc-in the autumn of 0/934, I went to Japan to write novels "God", "Ghost" and "Man", and my writing style gradually became calm and steady. 1935 returned to China to participate in the publication of Cultural Life founded by friends, and served as editor-in-chief. He edited a series of books, such as Literature Series, Translation Series and Cultural Life Series, and made positive contributions to the cause of new literature in 1930s and 1940s in discovering new scholars and recommending excellent works.
After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, he moved to Guangzhou, Guilin, Shanghai, Chongqing and other places, and integrated his ideals into the private publishing career of intellectuals. In the late period of the Anti-Japanese War, the creative style changed, mainly describing the little people in real life, showing profound humanitarianism. Representative novels include novellas "Resting Garden", "The Fourth Ward" and "Cold Night". 1946 returned to Shanghai to settle down.
1949, successively served as the third and fourth vice-chairmen of the All-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, the vice-chairman and chairman of the Chinese Writers Association, the chairman and honorary chairman of the Shanghai Branch of the Writers Association, the editor-in-chief of the Shanghai Federation of Literary and Art Circles, the deputies to the first, second and third NPC, the fifth NPC Standing Committee, and the vice-chairman of the sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth CPPCC. He is currently Chairman of Chinese Writers Association and Vice Chairman of China People's Political Consultative Conference. He visited abroad many times, wrote a large number of prose travel notes, collected short stories reflecting the Korean War, such as Hero's Story and Li Dahai, focusing on praising the new era and heroes, and co-edited a large-scale literary publication Harvest with writer Jin Yi.
From 1958 to 1962, Volume 14 of Ba Jin's Collected Works was published by People's Literature Publishing House. During the Cultural Revolution, he was persecuted and lost his beloved wife. Starting from 1973, he quietly translated the memoir "Past and Random Thoughts" by Russian democratic revolutionary herzen.
1978 After the "Cultural Revolution", he reflected on the road and lessons of intellectuals in the 20th century with a sad heart, and wrote five volumes of Random Thoughts (including random thoughts, exploration, truth, illness and untitled) on a personal basis to summarize the Cultural Revolution.
Ba Jin 1982 won the Italian Dante International Award, 1983 won the French Legion of Honor, 1984 won the honorary doctorate of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1985 won the title of foreign academician of the American Academy of Literature and Art, and 1990 won the title of former Soviet Union. 1990 won the "Special Award for Creation of Asian Culture Award" in Fukuoka, Japan, 1993 won the "Comfort Award for Senior Writers" from the Asian Chinese Writers' Literature and Art Foundation, and 1998 won the Outstanding Contribution Award of the 4th Shanghai Literature and Art Award.
In his later years, Ba Jin published a collection of essays, Re-thinking Record, Complete Works of Ba Jin (volume 16) and Complete Works of Ba Jin's Translation (volume 10). Because of the outstanding achievements in thought and literature, and because of the typicality of China's intellectual road exploration in the 20th century, it has been an important object for academic circles to study China's literature and intellectual road in the 20th century since 1980s. Since 1989, four international seminars on Ba Jin have been held in China, and more than a dozen research chronicles, biographies and theoretical monographs have been published.
Respondent: Zhang Xinxin 30- Magic Apprentice Level 111-2719: 54.
Name: Bush
Date of birth:1July 6, 946
Nickname: George W. Bush
Education: MBA from Harvard Business School.
Occupation: President of the United States
Spouse: Laura
References:
/Renwu/Bush/
Answer: Sword Finger Crown-Magic Apprentice Level 1 12- 1 2 1:30.
First of all, briefly introduce life.
Qian Xuesen (19 1 ~), a Chinese scientist and rocket expert, was born in Shanghai on June 1 91day+February1day, and came to Beijing with his father at the age of 3./kloc-0. Later, he stayed in the United States as a lecturer, associate professor, professor, director of supersonic laboratory and director of Guggenheim Jet Propulsion Research Center. 1950 began to work hard to return to the motherland, persecuted by the American government, and lost his freedom. 1955 took five years to return to the motherland, and since 1958, he has been the technical director of rocket, missile and spacecraft development for a long time. 1959, joined the China * * * production party. He is currently the honorary chairman of China Association for Science and Technology.
Second, scientific achievements.
Qian Xuesen served as the technical director of China's rocket and space program for a long time, and made great pioneering contributions in space technology, system science and system engineering.
Qian Xuesen published 7 monographs and more than 300 papers. The main contributions are as follows:
1. Applied Mechanics
Qian Xuesen has done pioneering work in aerodynamics and solid mechanics of applied mechanics.
The research on compressible boundary layer carried out in cooperation with von Carmen reveals some temperature changes in this field, and the Carmen-Qian Xuesen method is established. In cooperation with Guo Yonghuai, the concept of upper and lower critical Mach numbers is introduced into transonic flow for the first time.
2. Jet propulsion and space technology
From the 1940s to the early 1960s, Qian Xuesen put forward some important concepts in the field of rockets and aerospace: in the 40s, he put forward and realized the rocket flying aid device (JATO), which shortened the runway distance; 1949, put forward the concept of rocket passenger plane and the idea of nuclear rocket; 1953 studied the possibility of interplanetary flight theory. In "Introduction to Interstellar Navigation" published by 1962, the concept of a round-trip transportation system between heaven and earth is put forward, in which a large aircraft equipped with a jet engine is the first-stage vehicle and an aircraft equipped with a rocket engine is the second-stage vehicle.
3. Engineering cybernetics
In the process of its formation, engineering cybernetics focuses on the engineering practice of designing stability and guidance systems. Qian Xuesen himself is the pioneer of this kind of research work.
4. Physical mechanics
Qian Xuesen's research on combining the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of rare gases in 1946 is a pioneering work. 1953, he formally put forward the concept of physical mechanics, and advocated to determine the macroscopic mechanical properties of matter from microscopic laws, which changed the previous method of measuring mechanical properties only by experiments, greatly saved manpower and material resources, and opened up a new field of high temperature and high pressure. 196 1 year, the Lecture Notes on Physical Mechanics edited by him was officially published. Now the leader of this subject is Professor Gou Qingquan. 1984, Qian Xuesen suggested to Gou Qingquan that physical mechanics should be extended to the engineering and technical field of atomic and molecular design.
5. System engineering
Qian Xuesen not only refined the practice of China's aerospace system engineering into the theory of aerospace system engineering, but also put forward the concept of the overall design department of national economic construction in the early 1980s. He also insisted on applying the concept of aerospace system engineering to the whole country and national economic construction, and discussed the social system from the perspective of social form and open complex giant system. The social form of any society has three aspects: economic social form, political social form and ideological social form. Qian Xuesen proposed to divide the social system into three parts: social economic system, social political system and social consciousness system. Corresponding to the three social forms, there should be three kinds of civilization construction, namely, material civilization construction (economic form), political civilization construction (political form) and spiritual civilization construction (ideology). The construction of socialist civilization should be the coordinated development of these three civilizations. From a practical point of view, it is social system engineering that ensures the coordinated development of these three civilizations. From the reality of reform and opening up, we need not only economic system engineering, but also social system engineering.
6. System science
Qian Xuesen's most important contribution to system science is that he developed systematics and methodology of opening complex giant systems.
7. Thinking science
Artificial intelligence has become a hot topic in the world, but academic thoughts are in a state of chaos. In this context, Qian Xuesen stood at the forefront of the development of science and technology, and proposed to create a scientific and technological department-noetic science, which scientifically summarized the ideas that had been discussed and debated in China's philosophical circles in the 1930s, but could not be clearly expressed at that time. Outstanding contributions are as follows:
(1) In the early 1980s, Qian Xuesen proposed to establish the Department of Thinking Science and Technology. He believes that thinking science is a science dealing with consciousness and brain, spirit and matter, subjective and objective, and is a major department of modern science and technology. The need of computer technology revolution has promoted the scientific research of thinking.
(2) Qian Xuesen advocated that the development of thinking science should be combined with the work of artificial intelligence and intelligent computers. According to his personal experience in developing applied mechanics, he pointed out that the research of artificial intelligence and intelligent computer should take applied mechanics as a reference, take the road of integrating theory with practice, and actually need theoretical guidance. The theoretical basis of artificial intelligence is the basic scientific thinking in thinking science. The way to study thinking is to look for it from the achievements of philosophy, and thinking actually evolved from philosophy. He also believes that the establishment of image thinking is a breakthrough in the current scientific research of thinking, and it is also the core issue of artificial intelligence and intelligent computers.
(3) Qian Xuesen applied the systematic scientific method to the research of thinking science, and put forward the systematic view of thinking, that is, based on the thinking process of logical units, he gradually built a first-order thinking system with a single thinking type, that is, he built abstract thinking, image (intuitive) thinking, social thinking and unique thinking (inspirational thinking). The second is to solve the problem of second-order open thinking system; Finally, decision-making consultation is an open giant system with high-order thinking.
8. Human science
Qian Xuesen is an advocate of human body science in China.
Qian Xuesen put forward the theory of "functional state of human body" to describe the open and complex giant system of human body and study the structure, function and behavior of the system. He believes that Qigong and specific function are a functional state, which puts the research of Qigong, specific function and TCM system theory in an advanced scientific framework and occupies an important position in the research of Qigong and specific function. Under the guidance of Qian Xuesen, researchers from Beijing Institute of Aerospace Medical Engineering began to study the functional state of human body at 1984. They use the method of multidimensional data analysis to integrate many physiological index variables measured by human body into change points that can represent the whole system of human body and its position in a multidimensional phase space composed of various variables, and move them to a relatively stable position, that is, the position of target and target ring. They found the respective targets and rings of human awakening, sleep, alertness and qigong functions. In this way, the theory of system science is embodied in the human body system, and the research of human body science has objective indicators and scientific theories.
9. Science and technology system and Marxist philosophy
Qian Xuesen believes that Marxist philosophy is the highest generalization of human understanding of the objective world and modern science and technology (including scientific and social sciences). Qian Xuesen summarized the development of contemporary science and technology into ten closely related science and technology departments. The division method of these ten science and technology departments is another innovation of Qian Xuesen's scientific classification method by using Marxist philosophy, especially system theory.
Third, anecdotes
1. Soul is the childlike innocence of China people.
"I have always believed that I will be able to return to my motherland. Today, I finally came back! " This was written by Qian Xuesen, a famous scientist and rocket expert in China, in 1995.