The Book of Songs has collected more than 500 years' poems from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period, and painted a broad and profound picture of social life from many aspects, such as political allegory, productive labor, family life, love and marriage, war service, sacrifice and feasting, heroic achievements and national history. , widely and profoundly reflects the social outlook of the long historical period 3500 years ago. Love is a unique feeling of human beings, a spontaneous and involuntary emotional impulse, and also an individual's self-expression and choice. People call themselves people because they have love and know how to love! Singing the praises of love is also a theme that will never fade. "No lang, no sister, no song" is no different from ancient times. Love poems occupy a prominent position in The Book of Songs, accounting for about one third of the poems in Fifteen Kingdoms 160.
Zhu said in the Preface to Poems: "The so-called poetic style mostly comes from the works of alley ballads. The so-called men and women have their own feelings about songs. " Zheng Feng and Feng Wei are the most famous love poems in 15. Zhu thought it was a "dissolute poem", which was said from the perspective of feudal neo-Confucianism. From the perspective of human nature, these poems are all very pure love poems. These poems reflect the love life of our ancestors. They are warm and romantic, fresh and pure. They are heart-to-heart communication and emotional collision. Although they belong to the same love theme, the content is rarely repeated. All the troubles, joys, losses and clutch changes in love life are expressed in these poems.
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The following are the love works of our ancestors collected by some striking people-
Nan Zhou Guanju
Guan Guan Sui dove, in Hezhou. A beautiful and virtuous woman is a good spouse of a gentleman.
Mix shepherd's purse and salvage it from left to right. A beautiful and virtuous woman wakes up to pursue her.
If you can't pursue it, the black nightclub misses her during the day. Miss Long, I can't sleep over and over again.
Uneven shepherd's purse, left and right picking, my fair lady, friends of harps and harps.
Pull shepherd's purse from left to right. A beautiful and virtuous woman rings the bell to please her.
The first chapter is a summary of four sentences. It is written that the young man in Hezhou was attracted to the beautiful and slim girl by Guan Yu's voice. "Mourning Pigeon" indicates the harmony and singleness of love between men and women. Chapter two contains eight sentences about the process of courtship and love. The "gentleman" wants to pursue a "lady", but he can't get it, and he falls into the situation of his relatives, where he is anxious and restless. The eighth sentence of the third chapter mainly talks about the illusion of the lyric hero, as if he had formed a couple with that girl and enjoyed a harmonious and happy marriage life.
The artistic feature of this poem is incisive and elegant. The first chapter is "My Fair Lady, My Gentleman is Good." Two words, straight, frank and bold. Since the second chapter, the detailed description has been added. The young man tossed and turned all night and couldn't sleep well. It was really the true feelings, the natural expression of life desire and human instinct. The more restless you sleep, the more ups and downs you feel; When people are in love, they always think optimistically, so he thinks about how lively the scene will be when they get married, how harmonious the feelings will be after marriage, and how happy life will be. All these reverie, are from "carefree, tossing and turning" insomnia. Although it is subjective wishful thinking, it is not beyond our power. The author of Guanju fills the unrequited love with rich and complete imagination, "being happy but not lascivious, being sad but not hurting". The theme of the whole poem is pursuit and missing, which shows a man's infatuation. There is an irresistible passion in peace, which represents the overall style of The Book of Songs.
Poetry is lyrical with metaphors, lyrical with scenery, vivid description and vivid feelings. In the artistic form of repeated chapters and songs, it fully expresses people's pursuit and desire for a happy marriage and a happy life, and is worthy of being the first masterpiece of The Book of Songs.
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Fengwei papaya
Give me papaya, give it to Joan, give it to bandits, forever.
It's always nice to return the favor to me, to Qiong Yao and to bandits.
Vote for me with Kiichigo, pay me back with Qiong Jiu, and pay me back with bandits. I always feel good.
This is a chapter describing the mutual love between men and women, full of harmonious, bright, beautiful, elegant and sweet feelings. Throw: throw, give. The exchange of tokens between young men and women is a way of courtship in ancient times. Some ethnic groups still have this custom. Papaya: plant name, oval fruit. Joan: Red feather is also the general name of plum rain. J: Yu Pei's name. In the next two chapters, "Qiong Opera", "Qiong Yao" and "Qiong Wine" generally refer to Yu Pei. Good: love. Mu Tao: It's a peach, and the Li Mu in the next chapter is also a plum. In order to be the same as the "papaya" in the previous chapter, the word "wood" was added. Yao: Beautiful stone, that is, second-class jade.
Whether it is a woman or a man, the ordinary grass and trees will become priceless in the eyes of lovers, which is a symbol of love, and the unparalleled deep love will be revealed. You give me papaya and I give you jade. This is not a simple return, but a sign of eternal love! Some people say that the author of Papaya is a big papaya. People only gave papaya, and he (she) took jade back and forth. The dull Mrs. Xing in A Dream of Red Mansions also knows: "Gold must be exchanged for gold." However, people do not want barter, but a heart-"it is always good to repay bandits." Not asking for anything in return means that I really love you and am willing to grow old with you. I believe that men and women in the era of the Book of Songs are innocent, but we should reflect on too much utilitarianism and selfishness we have seen in the real society.
Modern people say "give me a papaya to repay my kindness with Joan", which means not only love, but also "people respect me one foot, and I respect others one foot".
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Zhao Nan zhuomeiyou
Obi has plums, but there are actually seven! Ask me to learn, and I'll be lucky!
There are plums, actually three! Beg me to learn, I will do it today!
There are plums and a basket! Beg me to learn!
This is a euphemistic and bold courtship poem. When there are many plums, the woman is too young and in no hurry to get married. I hope the young man will choose an auspicious day to woo her. When there are not many plums, that is, when the woman is old, I hope the young man will woo her on the same day. Plums are almost finished, and youth is about to disappear. Don't delay, young man. Say it right away. "Beg me Shu Ren" can be read as "I beg Shu Ren". Curiously, women's feelings are changing, and they are getting more and more anxious-the girl described here, when she reaches a certain age, will have sex with men boldly and unscrupulously: "Please ask me to learn, whatever!" What a woman this is! She longed for love, so she confessed and pursued it boldly. It should be pointed out that this active pursuit comes from the germination of inner love. They compared themselves to ripe plums and called on the boys to pick them quickly. This passionate pursuit of love is naturally in line with the development of human nature, not bound by any etiquette, and there is no need to hide it. "Calling Nanzi: Holding Plums" is the love that older girls long for.
"Preface to Mao Poetry" says: "Plum Blossom" is timely for both men and women. Call the South China the King of Literature, so that men and women can keep up with the times. The word "men and women in time" has explained the purpose of this poem; The last few words are attached by the teacher and should be omitted. Shi Mei of Zhou Li said, "The mid-spring moon will make men and women meet. So sometimes, runners can't help it. If you do not use the order for no reason, you will be punished. Men and women without husbands will meet. "Knowing this marriage custom of our ancestors, it is not difficult to understand this desperate and bold courtship poem. Chen Huan explained the ingenious meaning of this article concisely: "Plums rise and fall, and it is still the year of men and women. "Mei is in sync with the media, so the poet is excited to see Mei" (On Poetry). The original meaning of Gong Cheng's poem says: "There are plum blossoms." The word "urgent" captures the emotional tone of this article and reveals the melody rhythm of the whole poem. Judging from the subjective mentality of the lyric hero, "urgency" lies in the passage of youth and the absence of her husband.
Judging from the artistic structure of poetry, "urgency" means that it is divided into three chapters and repeated step by step. Chorus is the basic structure of The Book of Songs. But from the perspective of poetic expression, there are two different forms, namely, the re-emphasis of the text and the gradual re-emphasis of the text. The first chapter "papaya", the second chapter "reward me with Qiong Yao" and the last chapter "reward me with Qiong wine" are all easy words to express meaning. Plum Blossom belongs to a gradual chapter. The three chapters are duets, but they are layered on top of each other, vividly and powerfully showing the psychological process of the protagonist's despair. The first chapter, "I am lucky", still treats each other calmly; The second chapter "Xi today" has already seen the anxiety of urging; At the end of the chapter, "just call", it can be said that the true feelings are revealed and can't wait.
Cherishing youth and longing for love is one of the themes of China's poems. As the ancestor of spring courtship poems, the prototype significance of plum blossom lies in the construction of a lyrical model: flowers and trees rise and fall more than youth passes, and the pursuit of timely marriage and love is based on the feeling that youth is perishable. From the Northern Dynasty folk song "Folding Yang Liuzhi Song", I don't know how old I am. Grandma doesn't marry a woman, but she has to be hugged by her grandchildren. " To the middle Tang Dynasty, Du Qiuniang's "Jin Lu Qu" "Flowers must be folded straight, so don't wait for no flowers to be folded"; From "Peony Pavilion", Du Liniang lamented "What day will it be in the United States and Japan", and in "Dream of Red Mansions", Lin Daiyu lamented "Flowers are blooming everywhere"; Even Wen Jie's two masterpieces "Under the Apple Tree" and "Grape Ripe" in Toulufan Love Song are artistic variations of this prototype model. But as the first song of our ancestors, You Mei Zi is more simple, fresh, clear and affectionate.
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Zhengfeng Ji Zi
Green wild peas grow in my heart. If I didn't go to see you, didn't you get my letter?
Green and purple. I've been thinking about it for a long time. If I never visit you, can't you take the initiative?
Come on, always open your eyes, on this high tower. A day without seeing your face seems as long as March!
This poem is about a woman waiting for her lover on the tower. The whole poem consists of three chapters, using flashback technique. The first two chapters describe themselves as "I". Qing Ji and Qing Pei are based on couples' clothes. The other person's clothes left such a deep impression on her that she couldn't forget it. I can imagine her longing for love. Now I can't go to the appointment because I am blocked, so I have to wait for my lover to pick me up. I can see through the autumn water, but I can't see a shadow. My deep love can't help but turn into melancholy and bitterness: even if I didn't go to see you, why can't you send a message? Even if I didn't come to you, why couldn't you come on your own initiative? The third chapter points out the location, and writes that she was upset by waiting for her lover to come, and walked back and forth, feeling that although she had not seen each other for only one day, it seemed as long as three months.
Wu Kaisheng said: "The old comment: The first two chapters are wonderful and touching. The last chapter is tone sandhi. " The poem is less than 50 words, but the heroine is anxious when waiting for her lover. This artistic effect is achieved because the poet used a lot of psychological descriptions in his creation. In the poem, only the words "pick" and "reach" are used to express the woman's movements, and the main words are used to describe her psychological activities, such as the first two chapters complaining that there is no news or shadow of her lover, and the last chapter monologue "I don't see you for a day, it's like March". Two complaints, with "longitudinal me" and "Zi Ning" as the antithesis, have reservations in anxious feelings, giving birth to infinite reverie. It can be said that less words mean more. At the end, the inner loneliness creates the contrast between subjective time and objective time through exaggerated rhetoric, thus vividly showing the lingering love of women. Psychological description techniques developed incisively and vividly in the later literary world, and this poem is the first to trace the source. So Qian Zhongshu pointed out: "Ji Zi said,' Even if I don't go, Zi Ning won't send a message?' "Isn't Zi Ning coming?" Blame yourself and expect others. It was described in later novels. "("pipe taper ")
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Zheng Feng's naughty boy
He's cunning and childish, and he won't talk to me! I can't eat because of Victoria!
He is too cunning to have dinner with me! I can't rest because of Victoria!
This poem is about a woman falling in love with a young man. For some reason, two men misunderstood her, and the young man was cold to her, so the girl sang this song. That handsome guy won't talk to me. Because of him, I want to eat rice, and I am full of gas. That handsome guy won't eat with me. I feel uneasy because of him. The process of love is a process in which men and women have different thoughts, personalities and feelings, and through gradual understanding, they get harmony. So even if there is no obstacle from the environment, there will inevitably be contradictions in the middle. Maybe I will occasionally make a little awkward because of a sentence, and I am so angry that I will no longer take care of each other. After all, this is very unpleasant. The true feelings of the heart and the attitude of oral expression are not harmonious, so it is often when the other party is not in front that the true feelings are expressed. This situation may be ridiculous, but it does exist. The naughty boy vividly showed this situation. Falling in love is a very troublesome thing. When you speak properly, you are proud of the spring breeze, sweet and happy. When we can't talk well, we can't eat, feel uneasy and feel very painful. This poem is the inner truth of women's strong feelings at this moment, with both love and resentment, which is true and credible.
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"Brother Wang Feng Cuisine"
He picked Ge Xi, and he doesn't see you for a day, such as March Xi.
He took care of him, but he didn't see him all day, just like him.
I haven't seen you for a day, and I'm three years old.
Zi Jin tells the story of a woman waiting for a man and shows her anxiety about waiting for a man. Caige is about men and other women, which shows the anxiety of men looking forward to meeting women. Women pick, "pick Ge", "pick Xiao" and "pick Ai". The man is eager to see the woman, but he hasn't seen her for a day, and it feels like a long time. "I haven't seen you for a day, like Sanqiu." People usually think that this means not seeing each other for one day, such as once every three years. But in the original poem, "Sanqiu" does not mean "three years". There is a gradual process in the whole poem: "If you don't see me for a day, it's like Sanqiu ... if you don't see me for a day, it's like being three years older." There is a gradual emotional process here: three months … three quarters … three years. "Sanqiu" means three quarters.
The so-called national style in the Book of Songs is full of ancient meaning and lingering fragrance today. It is also a popular folk tune that can't be vulgar, and it is the original ecology. Thousands of years later, it is a similar fact: as long as the lover is not around, it feels particularly long, as if all the seasons are flowing away from him, and there is no pleasure until the flowers are gone. "I haven't seen you for a day, like Sanqiu."
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Nan Zhou Yao Tao.
Peach blossoms are in full bloom, colorful and fiery red. The girl is going to get married and be happy at her husband's house.
Peach blossoms are in full bloom and there are countless fruits. The girl is going to get married, and the heir who gave birth early is going to make a fortune.
Peach blossoms are in full bloom, and green leaves are lush and never fall. The girl is getting married, and Comix is in harmony.
This is a poem to congratulate the wedding, which mainly describes the beauty of the bride and wishes her good luck and family happiness. Although the content of the whole poem is simple, it is gradual. First write the flowers of peach blossom, describe the beauty of the bride, then write the fruit of peach blossom, describe the children of the bride after marriage, and finally write the leaves of peach blossom, describing the blessed offspring of the bride. The artistic feature of this poem is vivid description and full of festive atmosphere. Appropriate metaphor is also the characteristic of this poem. Later generations described women as "gorgeous as peach blossoms", which should come from here.
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Zheng Fengchu rises to the East Gate
Strolling through the east gate of the city is as beautiful as a cloud.
Although there are many clouds, I think of people.
I love the green scarf, so I love it.
Walking outside the city gate, the beauty is Kaya.
Although it is not mine, it is not mine.
Only a scarf with this element can be loved interestingly.
This poem is also about love. A young man, among many girls like a cloud, does not love gorgeous and noble girls, nor does he envy girls in luxurious clothes. Only the "clothes towel" and the girl with simple decoration have always occupied his heart. This man is single-minded about love. The so-called "weak water of 3,000, only one scoop of water" shows his sincere, loyal and loyal love view. This is in sharp contrast to those "playboy" men. Some people eat what is in the bowl, look outside the bowl, have sex everywhere and pick flowers everywhere.
If you ask me if I believe that people can love two people at the same time, of course I do. But I believe that there is a feeling of "picking flowers for the first time". Love is about being single. According to Love History, a son met a geisha who was blind in one eye, and they fell in love. Others said they didn't understand. He said that one beautiful eye is enough. Since I met her, I feel that all women in the world have an extra eye. How exciting-"There are hundreds of charms and thousands of reds in this world, but I love you".
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"Feng Wei Bo Xi"
Boxi Xi, the country of Xi. Bo was also the first king.
From the east of Bo, my head is like a flying canopy. No ointment? Who is suitable for it!
It's raining, it's raining and the sun is shining. I am willing to talk, I am willing to take the first disease.
How can I get grass? The back of the tree. I am willing to think about it, which makes me feel very uncomfortable.
This poem is about a woman who misses her husband who went on an army expedition. She imagined that her husband was brave and fearless, with some pride, but it was enough to miss him deeply. In her lonely and boring life, that lovesickness not only couldn't stay, but even became something she would rather not stay. The family is a small unit of society, and social unrest directly affects the family. Once a war breaks out, the first thing that will be destroyed is a beautiful and peaceful family life. Sometimes it is to resist invading aliens, and sometimes it is to suppress rebellions everywhere. In any case, men should be taken to serve as soldiers, and wives who stay at home miss their husbands who serve day and night. Their memory is not an ordinary memory, it is always full of anxiety and anxiety. Waiting for their husbands to come back from the war has almost become the only meaningful content in their lives. There are many excellent works reflecting this emotion in The Book of Songs. Feng Wei Percy is one of them, which vividly depicts a woman's deep yearning for her husband.
At the beginning of the poem, we see a woman proudly describing her husband. "Bo" used to be the first of the brothers, that is, the eldest brother, and it is used here as a wife's address to her husband (so we translate it as "eldest brother"), with a friendly tone. -modern folk songs often do this. Why is this husband proud? One is that he became a hero of a country because of his heroism, and at the same time he acted as the pioneer of the king because he was very brave (thus, he was regarded as a warrior in the aristocratic class). The source of pride, I'm afraid, is mainly in the latter point. If Bo is tall and brave, but he winces when the war happens, his wife has nothing to boast about publicly. In fact, the glory known by ordinary people, that is, the glory recognized by society, individuals do not have much ability to make independent judgments in this respect.
Turning to the second chapter, I wrote that since her husband went to the battlefield, his wife stopped dressing herself at home and left her hair-the most decorative part of a woman's body-messy like grass. This later became the most typical expression of China's ancient love poems, such as "From the monarch, the mirror is dark" (Xu Gan's Room Thinking), "Comb your hair all day" (Liu Yong's Ding Feng), "Get up and comb your hair" (Li Qingzhao's "The Phoenix Tower remembers the flute"), and so on. This is a temporary destruction of a woman's beauty, which shows that she is closed to the opposite sex, that is, loyal to her husband. However, as a soldier's wife, this move has a further meaning. In ancient times, women were not allowed to go to war, so the wife's loyalty to her husband who joined the army actually indirectly showed her loyalty to the country-this is not only an individual behavior, but also a group-the requirements of the country. Imagine a soldier risking his life to fight in the front, while his wife dresses up all day in the rear. Even if there is nothing wrong, can he feel at ease? This is not only dangerous to the family, but also extremely unfavorable to the country. Therefore, the society especially needs to encourage military wives to show complete loyalty to their husbands. No matter who wrote this poem (it may be a woman's self-report or someone else's plan), it meets the above requirements. Later, Du Fu's "Divorce" wrote that a bride told her husband who joined the army that she would "never do anything again" and that she would "wash red makeup for the king" so that he could go out with peace of mind, which is in line with this article.
However, although the heroine in the poem can be regarded as "deeply aware of the righteousness" and is very proud that her husband can become the "first king", the long-awaited failure has brought her great pain. For ancient women, the whole content of life and the only source of happiness is family; When their families were destroyed, their lives were completely destroyed. The husband waiting to join the army is different from the general lovesickness-there is deep fear behind it. Pan Yue's "Widow's Fu" takes this poem as an allusion, and there is a cloud: "The poet sighs, but he is willing to talk, and he is distressed ... Ronghua Ye is in full bloom, and his lover suddenly refers to his back." Reveal the fear of her husband's final non-return, which is not written from the front, but really hidden under the literal. Knowing this, we can truly understand the heroine's expectation, disappointment and unbearable pain described in the third and fourth chapters. She even wishes she could "forget her troubles" because this kind of "trouble" has made her unbearable.
Poetry must have true feelings, otherwise it will not impress people; However, the poet's feelings are not freely expressed and are often restricted by social concepts. Take "Bo Xi" for example. If you blindly write that your wife is proud of her husband's service to the country, it will make people feel unnatural-at least inhuman; On the other hand, if we blindly write about the wife's desire for her husband, and even have an aversion to war (in fact, it is by no means impossible), it does not meet the requirements of the society at that time. So in the end, it became what we read: the strong feelings for loved ones became gentle after combing with a sense of responsibility, with deep pain and sadness, but no fierce resentment. Because the social background involved in this poem has existed for a long time in the history of China, its emotional expression has become a model of similar poems in later generations.
As for the theme of this article, Preface to Mao Poetry is interpreted as: "It is also a thorn. It is said that the gentleman's service is the forerunner of the king, and it is out of date (the same as "Return"). " Ideal politics should not make China people work too hard and ruin their family life. In fact, the so-called "thorn" in the poem is unfounded, but the Confucian political ideal expressed by the author is exactly in line with the heroine's wish in the poem.
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There are more than 10 songs here, and I think that's enough. !
Be diverted by naive ideas
/Foxler