Please tell me the literary knowledge about preface in Preface to Lanting Collection.

Preface to Lanting Collection is a preface. Preface, also called preface, is a practical style, which is the same as postscript. The preface is listed at the head of the volume, and the postscript is attached at the end of the volume. Its function is to recommend and introduce someone's work or a certain material, explain the writing process, writing purpose, main content or some things related to books, and help readers read or understand better. Preface, made by myself, is called "preface"; It was also written by others, and it was called "other sequence". In addition to introducing his works, his preface often contains some comments. No matter in ancient times or today, there is a kind of article called preface, such as preface to Lanting Collection, preface to Wang Tengting, preface to seeing Ma Sheng off to the east, preface to shouting, which describes the elegant collection of literati, and so on.

The preface mentioned by modern people is an applied style written in front of a book or poem to explain its writing reasons, contents, styles and other matters. It can also be used to write "narration" or "thread". The preface to "Scream" quoted above and the preface to Mr. Zhang Dainian attached at the back of this article belong to this category.

But the situation in ancient times was different from that now, and the meaning of the order mentioned by the ancients was much richer than today. The preface appeared as early as the Western Han Dynasty, and Sima Qian's Preface to Historical Records Tai Shi Gong began its origin. There are Zhuan Xu in Han Shu by Ban Gu and Xu Yan in Fa Yan by Yang Xiong. The early preface is not written in front of the article, but a single preface and a whole book preface. It was not until the Selected Works of Zhaoming written by Xiao Tong in the Liang Dynasty that all the prefaces were put in front, and articles with similar prefaces were called "preface" or "postscript".

In the preface family, there are also variants such as "small preface" and "preface". The so-called "small preface" is the short preface of narrative interest or origin before poetry. Xu Shi, an Amin, once said in Bian Ti: "Small preface is also named after big preface." The preface is also a short preface. In the analysis of style, it is explained that "this style only appeared after the Tang Dynasty, which is roughly like preface but slightly shorter." Liu Zongyuan once wrote "Praise and Introduction from Thunderbolt to Piano".

Postscript is also called inscription, postscript or postscript. Yao Nai's Compilation of Ancient Literary Ci in the Qing Dynasty: "Those who wrote poems and essays after the simplified edition can be described as the best, those who read them later, or those who rewrote the words at the end of the simplified edition because of people's request or feeling, are collectively called inscriptions and postscript." Inscriptions and postscript appeared in the Tang Dynasty, which are called "after a certain topic" or "after reading a certain topic", such as Li Ao's "After a Prince yan dan" and Han Yu's "Reading Xunzi". Ouyang Xiu first called this kind of article postscript, and several "postscript tails" in his Collection of Ancient Records were attached to his precious inscriptions.

Wang Xizhi's Preface to the Orchid Pavilion is a preface and postscript, but it does not stop at the general explanation of the reasons, process and author of the preface to the Orchid Pavilion. Instead, the lyricism of the scenery is closely integrated with the profound philosophy of life, which has made a masterpiece with great artistic beauty and ideological enlightenment value. It is remarkable to have such achievements in the application of order.

Preface is a kind of prose closely related to preface, but it is also very different. It is a kind of prose specially written for saying goodbye to relatives and friends, focusing on friendship, making friends and saying goodbye. As far as its origin is concerned, the Preface to Gifts evolved from the Preface to Poetry. When the ancients bid farewell, they drank wine and wrote more poems, so the people present made a preface and said their origins. However, in the Qing Dynasty, Yao Nai thought that the meaning of gift preface was "Laozi said:' a gentleman gives a person a word'", so he listed the category of "gift preface" separately in the Collection of Ancient Characters. Gifts were given in the Jin Dynasty, such as Fu Xuan's Preface to Fufeng Ma Jun and Penny's Preface to Li Erlang's Poems, and the gift-giving sequence was the most prosperous in the Tang Dynasty. For most middle school students, the most familiar preface is Song Lian's Preface to Send Ma Sheng to Dongyang in Ming Dynasty.

In addition, there is another term that seems to be related to preface and postscript, but it has nothing to do with it-preface theory. The preface is not a style, but a question at the beginning of an argumentative essay. It, this theory and conclusion constitute the basic framework of argumentative writing.