When I finished teaching the text summary, suddenly a student asked me, "Teacher, why do you say that Tao Yuanming is a' farming poet'?" In order to help students fully understand Tao Yuanming's agricultural poems, this paper briefly introduces the characteristics of his "agricultural poems" for colleagues' reference.
First, experience the hardships and happiness of productive labor. The masterpiece is "Returning to the Garden" (Part III): "Beans are planted at the foot of Nanshan Mountain, and the grass is full of bean seedlings. Get up early in the morning to get rid of weeds, and come back with hoes in the moonlight at night. The narrow path covered with vegetation, the night dew wet my clothes. It's not enough to get dirty by clothes, but it's not against my will. " "Geng Xu wins early rice in Westfield in mid-September": "I am diligent in the morning and return it during the day. There are two buildings in the mountains, and the atmosphere is cold first and then hot. Isn't Tian Jia bitter? Fu is difficult to resign. " "In mid-August, Chen Bing won the prize in Xiapu, Tian She": "Poverty depends on crops and diligence is in Lindong. Not to mention the chill of spring, it is often afraid of pregnancy. As soon as possible, it's autumn in Sita, and my voice is in harmony with mine. Hungry people are full at first, waiting for chickens. The higher the lake rises, the more it flows back to the valley. Dark barren hills, the sound of apes is idle and sad. " Look at him wearing a star Dai Yue, leaving early and returning late, exhausted and covered in mud; Not only does he not complain, but he seems very happy. From here, we saw the environment and scene of rural productive labor at that time, observed the value of poets' self-reliance and self-enjoyment, and learned more or less the suffering of some "Tian Jia" in farming.
Second, appreciate the natural scenery of the countryside. Please read "Return to the Garden" (1): "A warm and distant village, smoke from a kitchen in Yiyi market. In the deep alley where dogs bark, chickens call mulberry trees jump. " "Returning to Tian She in the Spring of Guimao": "The flat environment is far from the wind, and good seedlings are new." Reading the Classic of Mountains and Seas: "Enjoy spring wine and pick Chinese dishes in our garden. Light rain comes from the east, and the wind is good. " Because Tao Yuanming is familiar with rural life, has warm feelings for the countryside, and is good at inheriting the fine traditions of The Book of Songs, Chuci and Jian 'an Poetry, he can truly appreciate the incomparable beauty contained in rural nature, customs and daily life, and extract poems full of literary beauty from them. He not only weaves the countryside, mountains and rivers, flowers and plants, trees, birds and cicadas into colorful and beautiful poems easily, but also is good at integrating the daily rural experience despised by high-grade literati, such as street, cooking smoke, barking dogs and crowing chickens, into the poetic realm, and constructing a clean and honest genre painting. These natural and poetic genre paintings are high in style, beautiful in image and deep in artistic conception, which combine the poet's deep affection for rural pastoral scenery and life customs.
Third, praise the enthusiasm of farmers. For example, "Return to the Garden" (Part II): "The streets are reviving and the grass is growing. There is no nonsense when we meet, Sang Ma. " Write about yourself working hard with farmers. I have no distractions and the same language. I think it's not bitter, but I think it's fun. "LuWu new cooking wine, chicken recruit nearly bureau. When you enter the room during the day, it is dark and the salary is bright. " Return to the garden (5)-a pot of wine, a chicken, a salary, these ordinary things once touched by the poet, they show a strong interest in life. Neighbor, you come and go, informal, ostentatious, simple, casual, but see the most affectionate, sincere and beautiful. This kind of harmonious and friendly interpersonal relationship is especially enviable in today's society.
In Tao Yuanming's Farming Poetry, we can also see him working, chatting and living with farmers, observing their joys and sorrows, feeling their hardships, integrating into the countryside and becoming a member of the farmers; The average scholar-bureaucrat hermit cultivates the countryside or is arrogant; Or narcissism, or condescending, or disdain for farmers, or hunting for a good name, unique Tao Yuanming put down his airs, retired completely, and returned to agriculture completely, becoming the first "farmer" poet in the history of China literature to set foot on the landscape and study the countryside, which may be the most precious thing of Tao Yuanming.
At this point, students have a thorough understanding of Tao Yuanming, can better understand why the poet returned to his garden to live in a paradise, and have a deeper understanding of the contents of the poems selected in the textbook.
(Author: Huai 'an Fuxing Middle School)