1. Learning objectives
1. Learn 3 new words in this lesson.
2. Read the text emotionally. Recite the text.
3. Cultivate students’ understanding of poetry and their ability to imagine the pictures depicted in poetry, and understand the thoughts and feelings expressed in poetry.
2. Learning process
First semester
(1) Study "Night Mooring on Maple Bridge".
1. Read to yourself with the help of Pinyin.
2. Read to each other in the same seat.
3. Name and try out the correct pronunciation.
4. On the basis of reading aloud, combine the illustrations to fully experience the pictures and artistic conception in the poem. (One autumn night, the poet moored his boat at the Maple Bridge outside Suzhou. The beautiful scenery of the autumn night in the Jiangnan water town attracted this wanderer with travel worries, allowing him to appreciate the poetic beauty of a timeless sentiment, and wrote this This is a poem with profound artistic conception. )
5. Use the annotations to understand the meaning of the poem. (The first sentence describes three closely related scenes: "moonset, crows, and frost-covered sky." The first quarter moon rises early, and when the "moonset" comes, it will be about dawn, and the birds on the trees are also there. It screamed at dawn, and the "frost" of the autumn night, with a bone-piercing chill, surrounded the poet's boat at night from all directions, making him feel that the vast night sky outside was filled with frost flowers. The second sentence writes. The poet stayed up all night with the "River Maple" and the "Fishing Fire". The "Fishing Fire" is the "light on the fishing boat". The maple trees on the riverside and the "Fishing Fire" on the river are still and moving, one dark and one bright. A beautiful night scene in the river, the poet stayed up all night with the sorrow of traveling. The first two sentences describe six scenes, "moonfall", "crow of crows", "frost-filled sky", "river maple", "fishing fire" and mooring. The guest who stayed up all night on the ship. The last two sentences only describe the scene of the midnight bell reaching the ship at Hanshan Temple outside Suzhou City.)
6. Why did the poet stay up all night? The first two sentences. The first sentence was seen by the poet, and the last two sentences were heard by the poet. In the quiet night, he suddenly heard the distant bells in the distance. How did the poet who had not slept all night feel? (The wanderer faced the river maple fishing fire on a frosty night, lingering. This "midnight bell" not only brings out the tranquility of the night, but also reveals the depth of the night, and the poet's various indescribable feelings while lying listening to the bell are all indescribable.)
7. This poem is written in flashback, first describing the scenery at dawn, and then recalling the scenery last night and the sound of the midnight bell. The whole poem is full of sound and color, with emotions and scenery, and the scenes blend together.
8. When reading aloud, you can proceed according to the following rhythm:
Moonset/crows ‖frost/sky full,
Jiang Feng/fishing fire‖pair/shoumian .
Outside the city of Gusu, Hanshan Temple,
At midnight/the bell ‖arrived/passenger ship.
When reading the first two sentences aloud, the tone should be slightly sentimental and the speaking speed should be slow. "Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City" needs to be a little faster and has a sense of surprise. The last sentence reads sadly and long. When reading aloud, you should imagine the scene in the poem and experience the artistic conception of the poem.
9. Memorize (or collect) ancient poems that you miss (or are sentimental about) at night.
Spring Dawn by Meng Haoran
Spring sleep without realizing the dawn, you can hear the singing of birds everywhere. The sound of wind and rain comes at night, and you know how many flowers have fallen.
[Comment] Chunxiao: spring morning. Dawn: Dawn. Unconsciously dawn: Unknowingly it was dawn. Smell: listen. Hear the singing of birds: Hear the singing of birds.
Silent Night Thoughts by Li Bai
The moonlight shines brightly in front of the bed, which is suspected to be frost on the ground. Raise your head to look at the bright moon, lower your head to think about your hometown.
[Note] Jingye Si: The longing caused by the quiet night. Suspicious: doubt, think. Raise your head: raise your head.
Boarding at Guazhou Wang Anshi
Between Jingkou Guazhou and the water, Zhongshan is only separated by several mountains. The spring breeze turns green again on the south bank of the river. When will the bright moon shine on me again?
[Note] Mooring: Stop the ship and dock. Guazhou: On the north bank of the Yangtze River in what is now Jiangsu Province, south of Yangzhou City. Jingkou: On the south bank of the Yangtze River, in what is now Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province. Zhong Shan: Purple Mountain in Nanjing City now. Number of layers: several layers. Green: Blowing green. Return: refers to returning home at the foot of Purple Mountain.
(2) Study "Farewell to Dongda"
1. Introduction. "Farewell to Dong Da" is a farewell poem written by Gao Shi during his travels. There are two original titles, and this poem is the second of them. The author bids farewell to his friend Dong Da, whose name is Dong Tinglan. Dong Tinglan was a famous piano player in the Xuanzong era, and was appreciated and favored by the prime minister. It is said that Dong Tinglan was good at the guqin. Hu music was popular at that time. Dong was neglected and Gao Shi said goodbye to him. This may have been the time when the poet was frustrated.
2. Self-study according to the above method.
(One or two sentences in the poem describe the scenery. Thousands of miles of yellow clouds cover the sky, and the sky is dim at sunset, which hints at Dong Da’s frustrated situation. The north wind is blowing the wild geese, and the snow is flying. The poem describes the scenery in the snow. The scenery is also a metaphor for Dong Da's departure. It is dusk, snow is falling, and the north wind is blowing hard. Only wild geese can be seen in the sky and cold clouds appear. In this scene, the author can't help but feel sad when bidding farewell to his friends. A sense of desolation and misery.
The three or four sentences are the author's advice. The author advises old friends not to worry about not having a confidant in front of you. Who in the world doesn't appreciate you? Believe that there are confidants in the world and a bright future ahead. The author did not express the tragic sentiment of the first two sentences, but expressed a high spirit and heroic spirit. This is similar to Wang Bo's poem "Sending Du Shaofu to Shuchuan". The last two sentences are more heroic than Wang Bo's "There are close friends in the sea, and the ends of the world are like neighbors." )
3. When reading aloud, you can proceed according to the following rhythm:
Thousands of miles/yellow clouds‖ daytime/sun,
North wind/blowing wild geese‖ snow /In succession.
Don’t worry about the road ahead.
No one in the world knows you.
The first two sentences describing the scenery should be read slowly, giving a sense of desolation and emptiness. "Don't worry, no one knows you in the future, and no one in the world knows you." The two sentences should be read to express generosity and magnanimity.
4. Memorize (or collect) ancient poems similar to expressing friendship (or seeing off).
Farewell to Xin Jian at Furong Tower by Wang Changling
The cold rain came to Wu at night, and Chu Shangu was sent off in the bright light. Relatives and friends in Luoyang ask each other like a heart filled with ice in a jade pot.
[Note] Furong Tower: a city tower in Runzhou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province). Xin Jian: A friend of the author. Cold Rain Lianjiang: Runzhou is on the bank of the Yangtze River. This sentence means that it rained cold rain on the Yangtze River at night. Wu: The State of Wu in the Spring and Autumn Period was located in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, so this area was called Wu. Pingming: early morning. Chu Mountain: The Chu State in the Spring and Autumn Period was located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, so this area was called Chu Mountain. Luoyang: Today's Luoyang, Henan, is where Xin Jian went. Bing Xin: a metaphor for the purity of heart. Jade Pot: Ice is in the jade pot, further metaphorizing a person’s integrity.
Send Yuan Er envoy to Anxi Wang Wei
The morning rain in Weicheng is light and dusty, and the guesthouses are green and willow-colored. I advise you to drink a glass of wine and leave Yangguan in the west without any old friends.
[Note] Yuan Er: Surnamed Yuan, ranked second, friend of the author. Envoy: to send an envoy. Anxi: refers to the Anxi Protectorate in the Tang Dynasty, near today's Kuqa, Xinjiang. Weicheng: Xianyang City in the Qin Dynasty, changed to Weicheng in the Han Dynasty, northwest of Chang'an, on the north bank of the Weishui River. Zhaoyu: Rain in the morning. 浥(yì): wet. Guest house: hotel. Yangguan: Located in the southwest of present-day Dunhuang County, Gansu Province, it was the main road leading to the Western Regions in ancient times.
Gift to Wang Lun Li Bai
Li Bai was about to set off in a boat when he suddenly heard singing on the shore. The water in Peach Blossom Pond is a thousand feet deep, and it is not as deep as Wang Lun's love for me.
[Annotation] Wang Lun: The friends Li Bai met in Peach Blossom Pond were very outgoing. This poem was given to him. Ta Ge: Sing while tapping your feet on the ground. Taohuatan: The name of the water pool, located in the southwest of Jingxian County, Anhui Province today.
The Yellow Crane Tower sends Meng Haoran to Guangling, Li Bai
The old friend bids farewell to the Yellow Crane Tower in the west, and the fireworks descend to Yangzhou in March. The shadow of the lone sail in the distance is gone in the blue sky, and only the Yangtze River can be seen flowing in the sky.
[Note] Yellow Crane Tower: The original site is on Huanghuji in Snake Mountain, Wuchang, Wuhan City, Hubei Province today. Legend has it that an immortal flew away on a yellow crane here, so it is called Yellow Crane Tower. Meng Haoran: Li Bai's friend. Which: Go. Guangling: Yangzhou. Old friend: Old friend, this refers to Meng Haoran. Fireworks: refers to the gorgeous spring scenery. Exhaust: disappear. Only see: only see. Skyrim: The horizon.
Wildfires never burn out, but spring breezes blow them again.
The distant fragrance invades the ancient road, and the clear green meets the deserted city. I also sent the king and grandson away, full of love.
[Note] Lili: The appearance of prosperity. Original: wilderness. Rong: prosperous. Yuanfang invades the ancient road: a piece of weeds stretching into the distance invades the ancient road. Yuanfang: A patch of grass is implicated. Sunny green connects the deserted city: On a sunny day, a patch of green connects the deserted city. Send the king and grandson off again, full of love for each other: these two sentences borrow from the allusion of "The Songs of Chu" "The king and grandson have traveled far and never come back, and the spring grass grows luxuriantly". Wangsun: noble. This refers to one's own friends. luxuriant: the appearance of lush grass.
Remembering Wang Wei, our Shandong brother, on September 9th
Being a stranger in a foreign land, I miss my family even more during the festive season. I know from afar that when my brothers climbed to a high place, there was only one less person planting dogwood trees.
[Note] September 9th: refers to the Double Ninth Festival on September 9th in the lunar calendar. Memories: miss. Shandong: refers to the author’s hometown of Puzhou east of Huashan. Foreign land: foreign land, foreign land. To be a stranger: to be a guest in a foreign land. Meet: encounter. Times: Extraordinarily. Climbing: There is an ancient custom of climbing during the Double Ninth Festival. Cornus officinalis (zhū yú): a kind of herb. In ancient times, people wore dogwood on the Double Ninth Festival, which was said to ward off evil spirits.
Second semester
1. Introduction: "Ode to the Dusk River" is one of Bai Juyi's "Miscellaneous Poems". It was written by Bai Juyi on his way to Hangzhou to serve as governor in the second year of Changqing (822 AD). Through the chanting of one thing at a time, the deep feelings in the heart can be expressed honestly and naturally in a smile and a chant, and from the side it reflects the poet's relaxed and happy mood after leaving the court.
2. Use the above learning methods to self-study.
(The poet chose two sets of scenery for description from the time when the red sun sets in the west to when the new moon rises in the east. The first two sentences describe the river under the setting sun. The setting sun spreads across the water from the horizon, and the river surface The word "Pu" is used very appropriately, forming a landscape that is half green and half red.
The "setting sun" is already close to the horizon, almost touching the ground. It really looks like it is "spread" on the river, which is very vivid. The word "Pu" also appears gentle, expressing the softness of the autumn sunset and giving people a friendly and leisurely feeling. "Half the river is rustling and half the river is red", the weather is clear and windless, the river flows slowly, and the surface of the river wrinkles with small ripples. The parts that receive more light show a "red" color; the parts that receive less light show a deep blue color.
The last two sentences describe the night scene of the rising new moon. The poet lingered until the new moon rose and the cool dew fell, and a more beautiful realm appeared before his eyes. The grass by the river is covered with crystal dewdrops, which look like "real pearls" inlaid on them. A crescent moon rises, like a delicate bow hanging on the blue sky. Therefore, the poet praised this scene in the third sentence: The lovely night of the third day of September!
What a harmonious and harmonious creation the poet created through the description of the visual images of "dew" and "moon". The peaceful artistic conception contains the poet's joy and love for nature. )
3. When reading this poem, you should imagine the beautiful scenery described in the poem. Two pictures appear in the four sentences, and remember the poem on the basis of imagining the pictures. (Draw a picture)
4. When reading this poem aloud, you can read it according to the following rhythm:
A / Setting Sun‖ spreads / in the water,
Half of the river / Sese ‖Banjiang/Red.
Poor / September ‖ On the night of the third day of the lunar month,
The dew is like a pearl‖ and the moon is like a bow.
"A setting sun spreads over the water" should be read smoothly and softly; "Sese" and "红" should be elongated into the tone to show the strangeness of the color; "Poor on the third night of September, the dew is like pearls and the moon is like a bow." "You should read out the feelings of praise and love.
5. Memorize (collect) ancient poems describing evening or night scenes.
Lu Chai Wang Wei
No one can be seen in the empty mountain, but the sound of people's voices can be heard. Returning to the deep forest, the light shines on the moss again.
[Note] Luchai: place name. Firewood is used as a "stronghold". When we camped in the mountains during the march, we set up trees to form a fence, which was called firewood. The villas with fences were also called firewood. Emptiness: In the poem, it means emptiness, silence and tranquility. But: only. Return scene: the light of the setting sun. Scenery, daylight.
Mountain Excursion Du Mu
Far up the Hanshan Mountain, the stone path is slanted, and there are people living in the white clouds. Stop and sit in the maple forest at night, the leaves are as red as the flowers in February due to frost.
[Note] Mountain walking: walking in the mountains. Hanshan: Mountain in late autumn. Path: path. Sitting: Because, due to. Yu: than.
Le Youyuan Li Shangyin
Xiang Wan felt unwell and drove to Guyuan. The sunset is infinitely beautiful, but it’s almost dusk.
[Note] Leyouyuan: in the south of Chang'an City. Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty established Leyou Temple, also known as Leyou Garden and Leyou Yuan. Climb it to see the city of Chang'an. Discomfort: displeasure, displeasure.
Song Xiaqu Lu Lun
The wild geese fly high in the moonlight, and the geese escape in the night. When I want to chase Qingqi away, the heavy snow covers my bow and sword.
[Note] Saixiaqu: a military song from the ancient frontier fortress. Dark Moon: No moonlight. Chanyu (chán yú): leader of the Xiongnu. This refers to the supreme commander of the invaders. Escape: escape. General: to lead. Light Cavalry: Lightly-armed and fast cavalry. Chasing: chasing.
Good rain on a spring night by Du Fu
Good rain knows the season, and spring will happen. Sneaking into the night with the wind, moistening things silently.
At night, the clouds are all dark, and the fire on the river boat is only bright. Look at the red and wet place at dawn, the flowers are heavy on the official city.
[Note] Nai: Just. Occurrence: stimulates plant growth. Qian: secretly, quietly. Moisturizing: allowing plants to be nourished by rainwater. Path: a country road. Flower weight: The flowers look plump and heavy due to the rain. Jinguancheng: Another name for Chengdu.