Homer's Epic These two epics are divided into 24 volumes. Homer's epic, written in six steps, is the greatest work in ancient Greece and the greatest work in western literature.
Homer's epics have high literary and artistic value, and also provide many things worth studying in history, geography, archaeology and folklore.
General introduction
Homer's epic Six Steps is a masterpiece of ancient Greek oral literature. It is the greatest work in ancient Greece and the greatest work in western literature. The Iliad and Odyssey tell the story of the dispute between Achilles and Agamemnon in the Trojan War, and the story of Odysseus returning to Ithaca after the fall of Troy and reuniting with his wife Penelope.
summary
Homer's epic is very rich in content, and there are many places worth discussing from artistic skills, history, geography, archaeology, folklore and so on. It has always enjoyed the highest status in western classical literature. Since the 8th and 7th centuries BC, many Greek poets have imitated it and recognized it as a model of literature. For more than two thousand years, westerners have always considered it the greatest epic in ancient times.
The story outline of Iliad and Odyssey is as follows: Long, long ago, there was a Trojan named Illion on the west coast of Asia Minor, and Troy was the overlord of many tribes in the East. At that time, the powerful tribes in Greek places were always called achaean, and sometimes they were also called Argos or Danayan in epics. Achaean was led by Agamemnon, king of Mycenae. Paris, the second prince of Erian, went to Greece by boat and was entertained by Monera Hoth, the king of Sparta, but he fell in love with Helen, the beautiful wife of Menerat Hoth, and they eloped and fled back to Erian. Achaean was very angry, so Agamemnon, the brother of Manny Lajous, king of Mycenae, called together the leaders of the tribes to fight against the Trojans. They mobilized more than 1000 ships, crossed the Aegean Sea and attacked the city of Irian, but failed to capture the king alive for 9 years. 10, Agamemnon and Achilles, the most intrepid of Arcaya tribe, had a conflict for a woman. Achilles was very angry and quit the battle.
You may not be able to understand the meaning just by reading the article, but this must be interpreted in combination with the background at that time.
Like other nationalities in the world, the history of ancient Greece is preserved in the memory of ancient ancestors in the form of legends, and later passed down from mouth to mouth in the form of epics. Although these legends and epics are not true historical works, they retain many historical facts of ancient society and have important historical value, which can be said to have some functions and attributes of historiography. They directly gave birth to ancient Greek historiography.
Homer's Epic is not a one-off work, but a history preserved in the memory of all Greeks. After the Trojan War, some folk singers and artists from the Greek city-states composed the heroic deeds and victories of the Greeks in the war into lyrics and sang them at public gatherings. These stories were handed down by folk singers, and after centuries of continuous acquisition and revision, they were cut into two parts in Homer's hands and became rigid works. Around the middle of the 6th century BC, when Cytra was in power in Athens (about 605-527 BC), it was finally fixed in words. The Homer epic we see today was compiled by scholars in Alexandria in the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC. 1795, the German scholar Wolff made a detailed study of the epic along this line of thought, thus asserting that every part of the epic was sung by the singer as an independent poem, and after many times of sorting and processing, it became what we see today. Later, Wolff's compatriot Rahman expounded his views more clearly, thus forming the "short song theory".
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Historical consciousness
In addition, more importantly, in Homer's epic, the original concept of "history" has appeared in ancient Greece, and words expressing the concept of "history" have appeared in some chapters. Although the meaning of this word in the epic is uncertain, it at least contains the meaning that the truth can be obtained by investigating the testimony provided by witnesses. Later, the word "history" in Greek evolved directly from this meaning.
liberalism
Homer's Epic is a panoramic view of the early heroic era, and it is also a wonderful work in art. It takes the whole Greece and the surrounding Wang Yang Sea as the main plot background, showing the liberal freedom scene and setting an example for the moral concept of the Greeks in the future (and then for the moral concept of the whole western society). What followed was, firstly, a humanistic ethic of pursuing achievement and self-realization, and secondly, a liberal theology of the same sex between man and god, which stripped away the mysterious fear in the spiritual world. Homer's epic became the "Greek Bible".
people-oriented
In the epic, we can also see the reflection of people-oriented thought, praising people's wisdom, laughing at God's evil, praising the world and despising heaven. This people-oriented thought is often combined with the heroism of praising the national nobility. Engels once pointed out that the whole content of Iliad revolves around the dispute between Achilles and Agamemnon about a slave girl. Those who plunder glory and dare to plunder are heroes, which obviously suits the appetite of slave owners and nobles at that time.