original text
I lost my pride, and Yang Jun lost her willow tree, which hung in the sky lightly and awkwardly. Asked what WU GANG had (5), WU GANG held out osmanthus wine (6).
Lonely Chang 'e (7) Twilight Sleeves (8), Wan Li dances for the loyal soul. Suddenly came the news that there was a tiger (9) in the world, tears came down and it rained cats and dogs (10).
Annotation of works
(1) Butterfly Hua Lian: It is the name of China epigraph, which is divided into upper and lower words, * * * 60 words, and is generally used to fill in sentimental and sentimental contents. Since the Song Dynasty, there have been many beautiful poems with the inscription "Dead Hua Lian", such as Dead Hua Lian written by Liu Yong, Su Shi, Yan Shu and others in the Song Dynasty, which are enduring swan songs.
(2) Li Shuyi: 190 1 was born in a scholarly family, and became friends with Yang Kaihui (Mrs. Mao Zedong) in middle school. 1997 died.
(3): Yang Kaihui (see the explanation of "Liang Zhu from Tingzhou to Changsha") and Li's husband Liu Zhixun (1933 died in the battle of Honghu, Hubei).
(4) yáng Yang: I am on cloud nine. Jiuzhong: Jiuzhong, the highest place in the sky. Ancient mythology believed that the sky had nine weights.
(5) WU GANG: the fairy on the moon in mythology. According to Duan's Youyang Miscellaneous Language, there is a laurel tree on the moon, and WU GANG was sent there to cut down the tree. If osmanthus is cut with it, WU GANG will cut it forever.
(6) osmanthus wine: Legend has it that it is the drink of the gods.
(7) Chang 'e: the fairy on the moon in mythology. According to Lan Mingxun of Huainanzi, Chang 'e (Heng E and Chang 'e), the wife of Hou Yi, flew to the moon because she was forced to take the elixir of life that Hou Yi asked the queen mother of the West.
(8) Shuguang sleeves: stretch wide sleeves.
(9) Khufu: refers to the victory of the revolution.
(10) Dance, Tiger and Rain: These three rhymes are different from the last article "Liu, Jiu, You, Wine and Sleeves". Author's note: "The upper and lower rhymes cannot be changed, so we have to keep them.
Vernacular translation
I lost my beloved wife Yang Kaihui, and you lost your husband Liu Zhixun. The heroic souls of Liu Yang and Liu Yang slowly drifted into the deep sky. What's in the sky in Wugang? WU GANG holds out the osmanthus wine unique to the Moon Palace.
The lonely Chang 'e also smiled, stretched her wide sleeves and danced for the martyr's loyal soul in the blue sky of Wan Li. Suddenly, I heard the good news from the mortal world. The loyal souls of the two martyrs shed tears, and the world felt it, and it rained cats and dogs.
Creation background
This was written by the author to Li Shuyi, a Chinese teacher at Changsha Middle School in Hunan at that time. "Liu" refers to her husband Liu Zhixun (1898- 1832), a martyr, a native of Changsha, Hunan, and an early comrade-in-arms of the author. 1924 joined the China * * * production party, served as a member of the Hunan provincial government and secretary-general of the Hunan peasant association, and participated in the Nanchang Uprising. 1930 worked in the revolutionary base area in western Hunan and Hubei, and served as the director of the political department of the Second Army Corps and the third Army Corps of the Red Army. 1In September, 932, during the "counter-revolution" in the Soviet area in western Hunan and Hubei, Liu Zhixun, the former director of the Political Department of the Red Second Army Corps, was shot as a "reorganization faction" in Hubei prison. Liu was killed by Xia, the "highest representative and secretary of the Central Party branch sent by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China". 1February, 957, Li Shuyi sent the author a poem "Bodhisattva Man" written in memory of Liu Zhixun, and the author wrote this poem to answer her.
19301one day in mid-October, Yang Kaihui was unfortunately arrested. As long as she made a statement in the newspaper and divorced Mao Zedong, she could be free immediately, which was strongly rejected by Yang Kaihui. She said to her relatives and friends who visited the prison, "It's not a pity to die. I hope that the Runzhi revolution will succeed at an early date. " In the same year 1 1 month14th, Yang Kaihui died heroically in the execution ground of Zhiziling outside Liuyang, Changsha, at the age of 29.
1957 Spring Festival, I wrote to you to talk about my feelings after reading Mao's poems, and attached 1933 a Bodhisattva Man written when I heard Liu Zhixun's sacrifice. Mao Zedong wrote back on May 11th, saying, "Comrade Yi Shu: Your letter has been received. Too modest. We are the same generation, not the relationship between the elders and the younger generation. Your attitude is inappropriate and needs to be changed. "Wuxia" has been pointed out, and readers know where it refers. It seems unnecessary to see the word "Three Gorges" again. After reading the masterpiece, the department of emotion. The song described by Kaihui is not good. Stop writing. There is a song "Wandering Immortals" as a gift. This kind of wandering fairy, excluding the author himself, is different from ancient wandering fairy poems. But there are words, such as chanting Tanabata. (The following is the latest poem) When it was officially published, the title was changed to "Dedicated to Li Shuyi" and later changed to "Answer to Li Shuyi".
This word not only remembers Yang Kaihui, but also remembers He Zizhen-He Zizhen was born in osmanthus fragrance, nicknamed osmanthus. One is his first love, and the other is his life partner who accompanied him through the most difficult years of 10. It was written for the two most important women in his life, so he wrote a swan song.
According to historical records, the original text was "I lost Yang Huajun, I lost the willow". When the poet sketched, he was inspired to change "Huayang" to "Jiao Yang", and specially explained that "how can the women's revolution not be arrogant when it lost its head?"? The word "jiao" instantly turned sadness into admiration.
Literary appreciation
Answer to Li Shuyi was originally a word of "mourning", but the poet sublimated it into a tribute to the loyal soul.
In one sentence, the poet used the word "lost", which reflected his deep affection and deep nostalgia. Although it looks dull, it is sad to read. In Li Shuyi's words, there is a saying that "Where to find someone, I haven't heard from them for six years", so Mao Zedong answered the question of the whereabouts of the martyrs as soon as he came up.
Take its surname Liu Yang for example, the surname of a couple, which leads to the second sentence very kindly and naturally. The "willow" in the second sentence is made in heaven, which is wonderful and naturally has the meaning of pun. The loyal soul of willow and catkins of willow flowers are flying lightly. And "emphasizing nine skies" has the sense of heroic spirit of martyrs, and also has the characteristics of poets' consistent heroic spirit. What a romantic feeling "I lost my pride, Yang Jun lost the willow, and the willow went straight to the sky with shame"! In this sentence, we have smelled the breath of revolutionary romanticism from our hearts. Liu Yang, a martyr, died, and his loyal soul floated for "nine days" and entered the Moon Palace.
Then the poet showed us a magical and cool mythical world, and the immortal WU GANG "held" osmanthus wine for two loyal souls. This kind of wine was originally a good wine for the immortals, but because the loyal soul floats, it is very pious to treat it with this wine.
In the first two sentences, the poet made a natural transition from the immortal to the lonely Chang 'e, stretching his wide sleeves and dancing for the heroic spirit to show his respect.
In the last two sentences, the poet turned sharply. Just as the goddess Chang 'e was dancing for the loyal soul, suddenly someone came to report the good news that the Kuomintang reactionaries were overthrown. The two loyal souls heard "tears pouring down like rain". This kind of art exaggerates, vividly and passionately expresses the excitement of the heroic spirit, and finally makes the heroic spirit better comforted. "Tears fly in torrents" is vigorous, powerful, magnificent and stirring! At the same time, these two sentences also convey the poet's own inner feelings about the ultimate success of the revolution.
This is a tear mixed with infinite sadness and joy! This is an extraordinary tear! Appreciate the majestic and boundless scene word for word, infect Lotte's fearless and optimistic spirit, and smile optimistically. Enter the charming and beautiful artistic conception!
This poem is also unique and perfect in art, with rich imagination, strangeness and ingenuity. From the martyr's surname to the dancing willow flower, and then to the Moon Palace, it was welcomed by WU GANG osmanthus wine and Chang 'e dance, followed by the grand occasion of tears flowing all over the floor, which truly realized the poet's soaring situation in the sky and underground, romantic spirit and beautiful ancient myths.
Famous comments
Shao Hua: Chairman Mao's Answer to Li Shuyi expressed his love for the martyr's widow and old friend.