Keywords: information technology, Chinese teaching, classroom teaching
With the development of the times and the progress of science and technology, the whole social life is becoming more and more "information-based", and the means of modern educational technology are constantly improving. One of the greatest achievements of human science and technology in the 20th century-computer multimedia technology and network technology have been introduced into the education and teaching process. Students' reading objects are no longer limited to words and pictures, but also include a large number of audio books, a large number of animations and other video materials.
In order to adapt to this development trend, the state vigorously advocates the integration of information technology and other subject courses, so as to promote the curriculum reform of basic education as a whole. The Outline of Basic Education Curriculum Reform (Trial) issued by the Ministry of Education in June, 20001year clearly pointed out that the basic education curriculum reform should "vigorously promote the universal application of information technology in the teaching process, promote the integration of information technology and subject courses, gradually realize the changes in teaching content presentation, students' learning methods, teachers' teaching methods and teacher-student interaction methods, give full play to the advantages of information technology and provide colorful education for students' learning and development. "As one of the main courses of basic education, the organic combination of Chinese subject and information technology is the inevitable trend of Chinese curriculum reform.
Chinese is a tool subject with its own characteristics. "Chinese class should not only read the content, but also absorb the language." Assimilation is a process from internalization to externalization. Internalization refers to the study, understanding and accumulation of text content, while externalization refers to the application and language practice. Learning Chinese is a process to help students from learning, understanding and accumulating text content to language practice and application.
Using modern information technology with computer as the core to optimize Chinese teaching and promote the reform process is one of the effective ways to improve the quality of Chinese classroom teaching. On the one hand, using multimedia technology to assist Chinese teaching will inevitably make classroom teaching vivid, vivid, intuitive and infectious, conform to the cognitive characteristics of primary school students, stimulate students' enthusiasm, take the initiative to participate in the process of acquiring knowledge, and help each student get full development. Secondly, it can enliven the classroom learning atmosphere and promote students' cognitive activities to leap from perceptual to rational. Students can not only read illustrated e-books with the help of computers, but also browse rich encyclopedia knowledge online to help implement the teaching concept of "big language". Moreover, teachers can use multimedia technology to realize audio-visual combination, guide students to start work, talk and think, increase students' activity opportunities and promote the overall improvement of students' Chinese quality.
Therefore, the use of information technology to optimize Chinese classroom teaching, organically combine information technology with Chinese teaching, integrate information technology with Chinese course teaching, take information technology as the carrier, improve the efficiency of teaching and learning, improve the effect of teaching and learning, and break all kinds of limitations existing in the traditional teaching mode. This has a positive role in promoting the reform of Chinese reading teaching in primary schools.
First, use modern educational technology to create teaching situations and stimulate learning interest.
Bruner, an American educator, said: "The best stimulus for learning is interest in the materials you have learned." Confucius, an educator in China, once said, "Knowing is not as good as being kind, and being kind is not as good as being happy." The great power of interest in learning is self-evident. The introduction of multimedia is like a magician in classroom teaching, which has unique advantages in stimulating students' interest in learning. With the help of sound, light, shadow and image, we can turn the far into the near, turn the virtual into reality, and show a large number of perceptual materials directly to students, making the teaching content more concrete, vivid and vivid. This is more important than the teacher's abstract explanation and limited blackboard writing.
It is easy to induce students' thirst for knowledge, stimulate students' interest and enable students to enter the learning situation created by teachers quickly and effectively.
(A) the catalyst to actively introduce and stimulate knowledge.
The ingenious design at the beginning of a class is conducive to creating a good classroom teaching situation. The use of multimedia in this link can stimulate students' strong thirst for knowledge and improve their learning enthusiasm. Therefore, when introducing new classes, it is a favorite way for teacher China to use multimedia in time. Take my teaching "Fish Swim to the Edge of Paper" as an example. At the beginning of the new class, the topic is first shown in the form of animation: in the animation, several fish swim happily in the water, swimming, and actually swimming on a piece of white paper. At this time, the title appeared in the picture-"Fish swam to paper". On the screen, vivid pictures and interesting music immediately attracted the students' attention. At this time, students will show great interest and guide them into the new text they have learned. After reading the question, I asked the students, "What do you want to learn from the article?" At this time, the students became active and asked, "Did the fish really swim to the paper?" "Why did the fish swim to the paper?" Multimedia settings, creating suspense effect is really obvious. It vividly shows us the impossible. How can we not catalyze students' curiosity? They are all eager to find the answer from the class. Driven by such a strong desire to learn, their learning process must be positive.
(2) Additives for creating atmosphere and rendering emotions
In classroom teaching, sometimes there will be a scene that makes our teacher very embarrassed: an article with profound feelings, the teacher has already done as the Romans do, but most students are indifferent and indifferent, and the emotional experience has appeared the phenomenon of "shaving their heads and carrying loads". The rational use of information technology can help us create a good situational atmosphere in teaching, which often produces the effect of "no melody before love" and receives a miraculous effect with half the effort.
In the teaching process of "Forever Soldiers in White", I made a survey of the students, and found that due to the influence of age characteristics, the students knew little about the "SARS" disaster that impressed us deeply in 2003. Without realizing the seriousness of the situation at that time, you can't appreciate the noble demeanor of the characters. Then, how can we make them enhance their understanding of SARS and further understand the lofty quality of Ye Xin's self-sacrifice, thus generating a strong spiritual shock? After studying the textbooks repeatedly, I decided to start with Ye Xin's memorial service to stimulate students' emotions, outline and guide students to study the text in depth. To this end, I collected a large number of relevant materials and carefully produced relevant teaching courseware. In the classroom, in the heartbreaking sadness, when the scene of wreaths like the sea and tears like rain appeared in front of the students at Ye Xin's memorial service, everyone was shocked: an ordinary head nurse, why did so many people come to see her off after her death? Why do people call her "the warrior in white forever"? Looking at the children's surprised eyes, I introduced them to the panic and harm caused by SARS, and let them browse the general situation of life in Ye Xin. The design of this link has created a good teaching atmosphere, played a good role in rendering students' emotions, and played an important role in affecting the whole body.
(C) colorful and passionate reading enhancers
Using modern educational technology, the silent language materials in the text can be transformed into sensible sounds, so that the language images and emotions in the text can quickly penetrate into students' hearts, so that students can be intoxicated with their own voices and feelings and stimulate their desire to read aloud. A text full of beautiful colors, such as "Color Pool", is definitely subject to many constraints in the display of words. However, with the intervention of multimedia, the teaching effect has been significantly improved: with the beautiful melody and beautiful recitation, the colorful pools on the screen have different shapes, and all kinds of lights are shining under the sunlight, which is really magical, magnificent and wonderful. The unique charm of the picture is deeply imprinted in the students' minds and cannot be forgotten. Back in the text, the students' mood is at its best, and a cheerful and lively mood rises in their hearts, which promotes the strong desire of "I want to study". At this time, I take advantage of the situation and guide students to devote themselves to the teaching of reading texts with admiration for colorful pools. As students successfully enter the situation described in the text, they are infected by the magic and beauty of colorful pools, and the passion of reading aloud arises spontaneously.
Second, the use of multimedia teaching to break through the difficulties of Chinese teaching
Obstacles in students' language learning and writing are the difficulties in our teaching. The teaching difficulties of a class often have a certain distance from the students' existing knowledge, which makes students feel confused in their study. The reason is that knowledge is too abstract, too complicated, or too strange. In order to solve this difficulty, teachers alone, blindly explain, often
At this time, teachers can play the role of audio-visual media, display knowledge intuitively, vividly and accurately, help students get rid of thinking obstacles and realize a deep understanding of new knowledge, so as to highlight key points, break through difficulties, promote knowledge internalization and achieve the teaching goal of improving their ability.
(A) Turn difficulties into simplicity
In Chinese teaching, it often takes a lot of time and energy to highlight the teaching focus or breakthrough and solve the teaching difficulties. But in this way, students' feelings are still not deep, and they are easy to get tired and even bored. Audio-visual media can activate the scene of the text content, turn the difficult into the easy and promote students' understanding of the text content.
For example, in Zhan Tianyou's teaching, it is said that Zhan Tianyou designed a herringbone line along the mountain. Because these contents are far from students' real life, it is difficult for students to understand and accept the literal knowledge in the rigid literal description. In order to smooth the teaching slope and break through the teaching difficulties, I used the audio-visual media in teaching to design such an animation teaching link: a train, two locomotives move north, the front locomotive pulls, the rear locomotive pushes, and when passing the fork of the herringbone line, it is reversed, and the original locomotive pulls and the original locomotive pushes, so that it can easily climb the steep slope. The animation allows students to watch the whole process of the train climbing the straight slope, and pay special attention to the climbing trajectory of the word "person" flashed in red. Then I asked the students to express their opinions freely according to what they saw, and to talk about how the train climbed the steep hillside, so as to achieve the teaching purpose of deepening the understanding of the text. Thanks to the ingenious use of audio-visual media, students can easily understand the meaning of "herringbone" circuit in a short time, and more specifically appreciate the wisdom and outstanding creative spirit of Zhan Tianyou Superman.
(B) the abstract into concrete
In Chinese teaching, some notional words contain very abstract meanings, which are difficult for students to understand only by the teacher's explanation. If multimedia is used to assist teaching, the reading effect will be twice as effective.
For example, in the rich teaching process of Xisha Islands, students didn't understand the meanings of the words "coastal defense outpost" and "south gate of the motherland" involved in the article, so I first showed the map of China through the media to show the students the map and told them that Xisha Islands is at the southernmost tip of the motherland, and its geographical position is very important, just like the gate of our home, so it was called "south gate", and the students naturally accepted this new meaning.
(C) change static to dynamic
In Chinese teaching, there is often a lot of natural science knowledge. For example, the article "Watching the Solar Eclipse" introduces the causes and process of the solar eclipse to students. Students have little knowledge of astronomy, and the astronomical spectacle of lunar eclipse is not always seen. In order to let students intuitively understand how the solar eclipse was formed and the whole process of the solar eclipse, I used courseware to show three celestial bodies through animation. The sun is the center, the earth revolves around the sun, the moon rotates by itself, and the three balls move at the same time. When the moon moves around the earth to the shadow area of the earth in the sun, the moon gradually darkens from part to all. At this time, there is a partial solar eclipse and the moon. On the screen, the whole process of the eclipse vividly reappears in front of the students, allowing them to be there. The cause and process of the solar eclipse, which is difficult to explain in many languages, are vividly demonstrated in a few seconds of animation.
Another example is the article "Looking at the weather from the clouds". There are three types of clouds: Cirrus, cirrocumulus, Cumulus and Cumulus. These concepts are also abstract and difficult to distinguish. We can use multimedia to show pictures of various clouds in front of our classmates, and then guide students to understand the text and solve difficulties according to proverbs in life and phenomena observed by students. At the same time, multimedia can also be used to show students' personal experience of "seeing the weather in the clouds".
(D) Break through the time and space constraints
Audio-visual education media can not be limited by time and space, but can change the micro and macro constraints, directly express various things and phenomena, so that some things that students can't actually contact in teaching can be displayed through sound and pictures, broaden students' horizons, obtain the materials needed for learning, and provide students with concrete and vivid images, thus breaking through the teaching difficulties.
For example, in the class of "The Rich Xisha Islands", combined with the content of the text, I played some videos depicting the beautiful beaches, islands and underwater world in time, which were dynamic and vivid. The students watched the beautiful scenery of the beach and the island for a while, which made them seem to see the endless beach, with shells of different shapes and huge and interesting turtles everywhere. The island is covered with green trees.
Lin; For a while, it seemed to dive into the bottom of the sea again and explore the secrets of the bottom of the sea. In the depths of the sea, countless fish swim around and keep shuttling, and beautiful corals have different shapes, as if they heard various sounds from underwater animals. During the whole watching process, the students were as if they were there, with highly concentrated thoughts and high emotions.
It can be seen that audio-visual media has narrowed the distance, made virtual reality easier, and made complex and arduous cognitive activities simple and easy, thus helping students to alleviate the difficulties in abstract thinking, logical thinking and language understanding and expression, reducing the difficulty and making the difficulties in teaching break through smoothly.
Third, use modern educational technology to change students' learning style.
In the traditional teaching process, everything is dominated by teachers, and students can only passively participate in the whole process from teaching content, teaching strategies, teaching methods to teaching steps.
The new Chinese curriculum standard puts forward that in Chinese teaching, we should actively advocate independent, cooperative and inquiry learning methods. This concept not only emphasizes the change of learning methods, but also emphasizes that the subject of learning and development is students, and the subject position of students in Chinese teaching has been reconfirmed.
In the information technology environment, two modes, personalized learning with students' independent exploration as the main form and network-based consulting learning, are the concentrated embodiment of the learning methods advocated by the new curriculum standards. With the help of interactive learning environment such as modern educational technology, students can equally own and enjoy human learning resources, and can choose learning content, methods, strategies and development goals according to their own learning foundation and interests. In this open learning space, students have the possibility of active participation and a world of autonomous learning. Therefore, integrating information technology into classroom teaching can build a new learning mode of "autonomy, cooperation and inquiry", which fully embodies the multidirectional, rich and fast information exchange. We can provide students with three-dimensional opportunities for multi-directional communication through various modes of friendly cooperation, such as teacher-student interaction, student-student interaction, teacher-machine interaction, teacher-machine interaction, vitality interaction and vitality interaction, which is conducive to cultivating students' cooperative spirit.
For example, when I was teaching Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses, I made full use of the multimedia network for teaching, and designed the following teaching links, so that students could carry out independent inquiry and cooperation and exchange around the following issues: ① Search online for relevant information about Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses; (2) Self-study the article "Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses" by using the found information; ③ Interactive problem solving; Introduce the Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses you learned from the Internet in your own way.
This kind of teaching design gives students the initiative of learning completely, and the teacher's role changes into the guide and organizer of learning activities, so that students can truly become the masters of Chinese learning. They use different methods and tools to accomplish the same task through information technology. They not only felt the scale of Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses, but also felt the long and splendid culture of the Chinese nation and the wisdom of the ancients, which inspired students' national pride. This further proves that the involvement of information technology has changed students' passive listening and rote learning methods in the past, thus turning into personalized learning methods of active participation, discovery, exploration and full expression.
Fourthly, using modern educational technology to optimize teachers' teaching methods.
The new curriculum goal puts forward substantive content and specific requirements for teachers to fully implement quality education under basic education. The goal is to pay attention to students' learning, let them learn to learn, and promote their all-round development and lifelong learning. Under this background, as teachers, while actively participating in this curriculum reform, we should reflect on the educational concept and teaching process in time, re-examine our teacher role and change our teacher role as soon as possible to meet the requirements of the new curriculum objectives.
In the traditional teacher-centered "transmission" teaching method, teachers are the givers of knowledge and students are the receivers of knowledge. The basic process of learning is students' perception, understanding, consolidation and application. Teachers speak, demonstrate and demonstrate on the platform, and students absorb, remember and store them accordingly. They circle the key points in class and copy and recite them repeatedly after class. Facts have proved that the biggest drawback of this teaching method with exam-oriented ability is that it stifles children's creativity and innovative spirit.