The original of Peach Blossom Garden
During the Jin-Tai-Yuan period, Wu Lingren took fishing as his occupation. Walk along the stream and forget the distance. Suddenly I met the peach blossom forest and grabbed the shore for hundreds of steps. There are no miscellaneous trees in it, and the grass is delicious and colorful. Fishermen are very different, so they move on and want to become poor.
If there is no water in the forest, make a mountain. The mountain has a small mouth and seems to have light. Leave the ship and enter through the mouth. Only by being narrow at first can we understand people. Take a few steps and you will be suddenly enlightened. The land is flat and spacious, so is the house. There are fertile fields, beautiful ponds and mulberry trees here. The traffic in the building is so busy that chickens and dogs hear each other. Some men and women dressed like strangers. The yellow hair hangs low and enjoys itself.
Seeing the fisherman, he was shocked and asked him what he had not done. Answer it. You have to go home and set up wine to kill chickens for dinner. When the village heard about this man, Xian came to inquire. Since Master Yunzu escaped from the Qin Dynasty, he led his wife to this desperate situation and did not return, so he was separated from outsiders. You ask what this world is, and I don't know if there are any Han Chinese, regardless of Wei and Jin Dynasties. This man speaks every word with a sigh. The others went home, eating and drinking. Stop for a few days and resign. There is a saying in China: "The humanity of outsiders is not satisfactory." (Every other job: isolation)
Help the road when you get off the boat, and you are determined everywhere. And the county, Yi Taishou, said so. The satrap means to send someone with him to find what he wants, get lost, get lost.
Liu Ziji, a noble family, heard about it and gladly did it. If you fail, you will find the disease. Nobody took care of it after that.
Taohuayuan translation
During the Eastern Jin Dynasty in Taiyuan (AD 376-396), there was a man in Wuling who made a living by fishing. One day, he rowed along the stream and forgot how far it was. Suddenly I met a peach blossom forest. Within a few hundred steps on both sides of the stream, there are no other trees in the middle, the flowers are fresh and beautiful, and there are countless fallen flowers on the ground. The fisherman was very surprised. He walked on, trying to reach the end of the forest.
The end of the peach blossom forest is the source of the stream. The fisherman found a hill with a small hole and a little light in it. The fisherman got off the boat and got in through the hole. It was very narrow at first, and only one person could pass through. I took dozens of steps forward and was suddenly enlightened. The land in front of the fisherman is flat and wide, the houses are arranged very neatly, there are fertile fields, beautiful ponds, and plants such as mulberry and bamboo. The fields and paths extend in all directions, and the crowing of chickens and barking of dogs come and go. People come and go in the fields, farming and working, and men and women wear the same clothes as people outside the Peach Blossom Garden. The old man and the children are very happy and have a good time.
People here were very surprised when they saw the fisherman and asked him where he came from. The fishermen gave detailed answers. People here invited him to their home and entertained him with wine and chickens. The other people in the village heard that there was such a person, and they all came to inquire about the news. They themselves said that their ancestors came to this isolated place with their wives, children and neighbors to escape the war in the Qin Dynasty. Since then, no one has gone out, so all contact with outsiders has been cut off. People in the village asked the fishermen what the world was like now. They didn't know there was a Han Dynasty, let alone a Wei and Jin Dynasty. The fisherman told everything he knew, and the villagers all lamented. The rest invited the fisherman to their home, and all took out their own wine and delicacies to entertain him. After staying for a few days, the fisherman said goodbye to the villagers. People in the village told him, "The situation here is not worth telling outside people."
After the fisherman came out, he found his boat, walked back along the way he came, and made marks everywhere. When he arrived in Wuling, the county seat, he went to visit the magistrate and told his own experience. The satrap immediately sent someone to follow him, looking for traces of the fisherman's past, and finally lost his way, and later could not find the way to the Peach Blossom Garden.
There is a man named Liu Ziji in Nanyang, who is a noble scholar. Hearing the news, he was very happy to plan to go to Taohuayuan. But it didn't happen, and soon he died of illness, and then no one went to Peach Blossom Garden again.
The Peach Blossom Spring
Taiyuan: the title of Emperor Xiaowu in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (376-396)
Wuling: County name, now Changde City, Hunan Province.
Occupation: take ... as a profession and make a living from it ... in favor of: as.
Edge: along, along.
Ok: go ahead, go ahead.
Distance: a compound word with partial meaning, which only refers to distance.
Meet suddenly: meet suddenly. Meet: meet, meet
Sandwiched between the two banks: on both sides of the stream.
Miscellaneous: something else, something else.
Delicious herbs: flowers and plants are delicate and beautiful. Party: flowers; Delicious: bright and beautiful.
Falling Flowers English: Falling Flowers. For example, the first flower.
Colorful: various appearances.
What: very, very.
Different: that is, "to be different", I was surprised by what I saw. Different pronouns refer to what you see.
A: Go on.
Before: nouns are used flexibly as adverbials and move forward. (Flexible use of parts of speech)
Desire: want.
Poverty: when adjectives are used as verbs, they are exhausted and come to an end. ...
Lin: refers to the peach blossom forest.
The forest is at its source: the forest is at its source, which means that the peach forest ends where the stream originated. Disappear (flexible use of parts of speech)
Then: So, just.
D: yes.
As if: vague and unreal.
If: Like …
Give up: give up, discard, which means to leave in the text.
Chu: At first, at first.
Only one person can pass: only one person can pass. Cai: Adverb, only.
Answer: Come again, come again.
Ok: let's go.
Suddenly enlightened: describes the appearance of suddenly becoming open and bright from the narrow darkness. However, the appearance of ... suddenly: describe the appearance of openness; Cheerfulness: Cheerfulness.
Ping: Ping.
Open: open; Vast
House: House.
Yan (y ǐ n) ran: (ancient and modern different meanings) ancient meaning: neat appearance. Today's meaning: the description is very similar; Describe neatness; Describe solemnity
One: This.
Genus: class.
Traffic in architecture: fields and paths crisscross. Buildings and field paths are called buildings in the north-south direction and buildings in the east-west direction. Traffic, criss-crossing.
Chickens and dogs can hear each other's crows. Wen Xiang: You can hear each other's voices.
Planting: refers to people who have cultivated and worked for generations.
Dress: dress up.
Sita: All, all.
Outsider: refers to the world outside the Peach Blossom Garden. There is a better translation: people from another world, because Taohuayuan people have been isolated from the world from Qin to Jin.
Tiao: It refers to the elderly and children. Yellow hair, in ancient times, thought that the change of old people's hair from white to yellow was a symbol of longevity, referring to the old people. In ancient times, children did not tie their hair, and their hair drooped, which means children here. (metonymic rhetoric) rhymes with short hair that children hang down.
And: both.
Yiran: A cheerful look.
I was shocked: so I was surprised. Nye: So. Big: Very, very.
Never: from ....
Tools: detailed.
One: Pronouns refer to questions asked by Taoyuan people.
To (yāo): Invite, invite. (common word)
Salty: adverb, du, du.
Asking: Asking for information.
Yun: Say.
Ancestor: Ancestor.
Rate: lead.
Wife: (ancient and modern different meanings) Ancient meaning: refers to wife and children. "Wife" and "son" are two words, not "wife" in modern Chinese: a man's spouse.
Yi people: people from the same county
Despair: (ancient and modern) Ancient meaning: a place isolated from the world. Today's meaning: the dilemma with no obvious way out; In a dilemma Absolutely: the best place.
Answer: Come again, come again.
Yan: both, equivalent to harmony, starting from here.
Sui: So.
Interval: cut off and isolate.
Today: Now.
Nai (I didn't know there was a Chinese Nai): I didn't expect it, I didn't expect it.
Whatever: forget it, forget it. "Wu" and "Lun" are two words, which are different from "No matter" in modern Chinese.
For: Yes, yes.
Words: detailed.
Smell: It refers to the world known by fishermen. Wen: Yes, I heard.
Sigh: sigh, regret.
Yu: The rest, the rest.
Extend to: invite to. Postpone, invite.
To: to.
Stop: stop.
Remarks: Goodbye.
Go: Leave.
Language: telling.
Insufficient: not worth it. (Different meanings in ancient and modern times)
W: Preposition, item, right.
It's already started.
Help the road: just follow the old road (back). Help: Aaron, Aaron. Direction: former old.
Everywhere: There are signs everywhere. Pool: verb, mark. (Flexible use of parts of speech)
And: arrive.
Under the county: the location of the satrap refers to Wuling.
Yi (y) Taishou: refers to visiting Taishou. Yi, here we are. Especially for the elders.
So: like this, it refers to what you have seen in the Peach Blossom Garden.
Namely: immediately.
Send: Send.
Find what you want: find the mark you made before. Looking for, looking for. Before. Mark (noun) (Verb+is translated into a noun)
Sui: Finally.
Answer: Again.
Get, get, means to find in the text.
Noble: a noble character.
Scholar: Hermit.
There is also: table judgment.
Cheerful: In a cheerful manner.
Rule: plan, plan. (Flexible use of parts of speech)
No: no.
Results: Realization.
Unsuccessful: Not implemented.
Search: Soon.
Ending: death.
Asking for directions here means visiting and asking for help. Tianjin: Ibn Ferry.
Expanding reading: knowledge of classical Chinese
polysemy
Out:
(1) What if you don't come back? Get out.
(2) all the wine and food: take it out.
Find:
(1) Find what you want: verbs, find.
(2) Find the end of the disease: adverb "soon".
Give up:
(1) shě boat: Leave.
(2) shè: noun, house, guest house.
Medium:
There is no miscellaneous tree in (1): "medium".
(2) Jin Taiyuan: "Year".
(3) Among them, the current species is "Inner".
Pool:
(1) everywhere: nouns are used flexibly as verbs, "marking".
(2) Looking for ambition: ambition, translated as a sign. Used with, translated as: the mark made.
Of:
(1) Forgetting distance: auxiliary word, used between the attribute and the head word, can be translated as "de".
(2) When I heard about it, I followed it happily: pronoun, "This matter".
(3) Everywhere: modal particles, not translation.
(4) Fishermen are very different: pronoun, "This situation".
(5) There is a genus of mulberry in fertile land: this.
(6) A: Pronouns refer to Taohuayuan people.
Used for:
(1) Fishing is an industry in Wu Lingren.
(2) Lack of (wèi) humanity is also: preposition, right, direction.
(3) This person has heard about (wéi) and heard about it one by one: reading wéi, prepositions, right and wrong.
Then:
(1) Therefore, it is "so" to be separated from outsiders.
(2) I am fascinated: "finally".
(3) after that, no one cares: "just".
Get:
(1) get a mountain: get it, look further.
(2) Get the boat: Get, extended to find.
Smell:
(1) A cock and a dog hear each other: I'll listen to you.
(2) I have heard of this person: yes.
Multi-word and one meaning
(1) Follow the stream and help to the road: along, along.
(2) To (yāo) return to China and postpone to his home: to "invite" and invite.
(3) I am sorry to learn that I am an outsider and come to ask. I am very satisfied with myself: all
(4) Chinese language (metaphor) cloud is not enough for outsiders, and it is also.
(5) then help to the road, and then separate from outsiders: so, just
Different meanings of ancient and modern times
Poverty (ancient meaning: fatigue; Modern meaning: poverty)
Never (ancient meaning: where it came from; Today's meaning: all the time)
No matter (ancient meaning: don't say, (more) don't say; Today's meaning: most of them are conjunctions, indicating that the conditions are different and the results are unchanged, regardless)
Wife (ancient meaning: wife and children; Modern meaning: the spouse of an adult man)
Despair (ancient meaning: a place isolated from the outside world; Modern significance: no way out)
Water source (ancient meaning: the place where the stream originated; Modern meaning: refers to the water source that people drink)
Delicious (ancient meaning: bright and beautiful; Modern meaning: refers to fresh and delicious food)
Fang (ancient meaning: flowers; Meaning: fragrance)
Traffic (ancient meaning: staggered; Modern meaning: transportation and post and telecommunications)
Insufficient (ancient meaning: not worth it; Meaning: not enough)
Interval (ancient meaning: isolation; Modern meaning: separation in space or time)
Just like (ancient meaning: neat appearance; Today's meaning: the description is similar)
Edge (ancient meaning: along; Meaning: reason, fate)
Tianjin (ancient meaning: ferry, road, sightseeing. The article means to visit and explore. Modern meaning: saliva)
Outsiders (ancient meaning: especially people outside the Peach Blossom Garden; Modern meaning: refers to people who are not related by blood)
So (archaic: like this; Meaning: like this)
As if (ancient meaning: vague, describing unreal appearance; Modern meaning: it seems, as if)
Cheerful (ancient meaning: open land; Modern meaning: optimistic, carefree)
Fu (ancient meaning: along, along; Modern meaning: help, press or hold by hand)
Pool (ancient meaning: mark; Meaning: ambition, ambition)
Yan (ancient meaning: invitation; Modern significance: extension)
Know (ancient meaning: all, all; Modern significance: familiarity)
Salty (ancient meaning: all, all; Modern meaning: a taste)
Both (ancient meaning: already; Modern meaning: relational conjunctions, from)
Search (ancient meaning: immediately, soon; Modern significance: looking for)
Item (ancient meaning: former, old; Meaning: direction, right ...)
Fruit (ancient meaning: realization; Today's meaning: fruit, result)
To (ancient meaning: invitation; Meaning: express one's wishes)
Flexible use of parts of speech
Exhaustion: adjectives disappear as verbs.
Different (fishermen are very different): adjectives as verbs, surprised at …
Forward: Positional nouns as adverbials, forward.
Poverty: adjectives as verbs, (exhausted, come to an end. )
Yan (not back): both "Yu", that is, "from here".
Knowledge (everywhere): nouns are verbs and marked.
Result (unsuccessful): Nouns are used as verbs to realize.
Language (Chinese (in the fourth tone)): nouns are used as verbs.
Huang Mao: metonymy means all the old people.
Bow (yellow hair bow): metonymy means all children.
Common words
To: Pass "invitation" and invite (not within the scope of 150 notional words)
Tools: all-encompassing, complete and detailed.
Sentence patterns in ancient Chinese
1) sentence
Example: Nanyang Liu Ziji, Gao Shangshi also. ("Yi" table judgment. Liu Ziji is a noble celebrity. )
2) Elliptic sentences
Seeing the fisherman, he was shocked and asked him what he had not done. Answer it. You have to go home and set up wine to kill chickens for dinner. (It is "(the village people) saw the fisherman and asked (the fisherman) what he had done, and they were all shocked. (Fisherman) Got the answer. (Villagers) will (fishermen) go back to their hometowns to set up wine to kill chickens for food. When the villagers saw the fisherman, they were very surprised and asked him where he came from. The fisherman answered (the villager) in detail, so he invited him to his home to set wine, kill chickens and prepare food for him. )
Theme:
Example 1: The mountain has a small mouth, which seems to have light. (It is the omission of "small mouth seems to have light". There is a small hole in the mountain, and there seems to be a light in it. )
Ex. 2: Leave the ship and enter through the mouth. (It is the omission of "the fisherman leaves the ship and enters from the mouth". The fisherman gave up the boat and got in through the hole. )
There are many omitted subjects in the text, such as: "(Small mouth) is extremely narrow at first, so people can pass." "(Wu Lingren) took dozens of steps and suddenly became enlightened." "Among them (people) are farmers, and men and women are dressed like foreigners." "(The villagers) were shocked when they saw the fisherman and asked what he had done. (Fisherman) Got the answer. (Villagers) will (fishermen) return to their hometowns to set up wine to kill chickens for food (to entertain fishermen). " "This person's voice is full, and (the villagers) sigh." Make it up when translating.
Save object:
Example 1: Asking what you haven't asked is an omission of "asking what you haven't asked". "ambition" replaces "fisherman" Ask the fisherman where he comes from. )
Save prepositions:
Example 2: Forest water shortage (abbreviation of "forest water shortage")
9. Four "Ran"
Suddenly enlightened (suddenly enlightened): suddenly enlightened.
(2) the house is like (like): it looks neat.
(3) Happy with yourself: a happy look.
(4) Happy yearning (happy): happy appearance.
3) Words in this article: (Modern significance)
Xanadu: refers to a quiet or comfortable place.
Suddenly enlightened: metaphor suddenly realized a truth.
Enjoy yourself: describe happiness and satisfaction.
Withdrawal: not interacting with others or looking at things from an outsider's point of view.
Nobody cares: it means that no one comes to ask, try or buy.