Eliot (1888- 1965) Thomas stearns Eliot is a famous English modernist poet and literary critic. Born in Missouri, USA. From 65438 to 0906, he entered Harvard University to study philosophy, then went to Oxford University in England, and then stayed in England to teach and be a clerk. 1908 began to create. There are poems such as Pruefer Locke and Other Observed Things, Selected Poems and Quartet. As a representative poem, The Waste Land expresses the spiritual disillusionment of the western generation and is regarded as an epoch-making work in modern western literature. 1948 won the Nobel Prize in Literature for "innovating modern poetry and achieving outstanding pioneers".
Eliot's poetic career can be divided into three stages. In his early works, he was depressed and often used association, metaphor and suggestion to express the distress of modern people. Pruefer Locke's famous work Love Song (19 15) expresses the protagonist's contradictory mentality of longing and fear for love in the form of inner monologue, and shows the emptiness and cowardice of modern people. This poem was later included in his first book of poetry, Pruefer Locke et al (19 17). His other work, Poems (1920), published during this period also reflected the pessimism and disappointment of western intellectuals after World War I, which was well received by British and American literary circles. The Little Old Man is considered as the prelude to The Waste Land.
1922- 1929 is an important period of Eliot's creation, and the techniques and contents of his poems tend to be complicated. The representative works The Wasteland (1922) and The Hollow Man (1925) show that westerners are facing the dilemma of the collapse of modern civilization, with very little hope and extremely empty living conditions. The despair in The Hollow Man is very obvious: man is hollow, his mind is full of straw, his voice is "completely meaningless, like the wind blowing on the hay", and the whole world will end in a hiss. The hollow man is a symbol of modern people's loss of soul.
After 1929, Eliot continued to explore the art of poetry, and at the same time his thoughts began to change. His long poem "Grey Wednesday" (1930) has a strong religious color, and the author tries to seek liberation from religion. Quartet (1943) is an important work in his later period. This is a group of philosophical and religious meditation poems with four titles. Burned Norton refers to an English rural residential site, East Kirk is the village where Eliot's ancestors lived in Britain, Gan Sallvik is a rock on the beach in Massachusetts, and Little Chartolia is a small church for Christians in China during the English Civil War in the17th century. These places are places that the poet thinks are memorable. Each poem imitates Beethoven's quartet and has five movements. Poetry expresses the disillusionment of life and preaches Christian humility and self-help. Some critics think this is Eliot's masterpiece.
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Pound
Ezra pound is a famous American poet and a representative figure of Imagism. He and Eliot are both representatives of symbolism poetry in the later period. He gave birth to the theory of "artistic conception" from China's classical poems and Japanese haiku, and made outstanding contributions to the mutual reference of eastern and western poems.
Pound's most famous work "Subway Station" belongs to the representative work of Imagism;
The appearance of these faces in the crowd; These faces flashed through the crowd like a mirage; )
Petals on wet black branches. Count the petals on the wet black branches. )
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1948 The subtitle of Nobel Prize in Literature winner T·S· Eliot's famous long poem The Waste Land is "Dedicated to the most outstanding craftsman ezra pound", which was revised by Pound himself.
As one of the founders of modernist literature recognized in Europe and America, Pound has great influence on artistic creation and critical theory. The main work is a grand long poem, covering human civilization. Published in batches from 19 17 to 1959 in the form of poems, including 109 poems and 8 unfinished drafts. 1969 published some fragments of the unfinished draft. These poems are obscure, with a wide range of themes and diverse and unique techniques, which are important topics for long-term research by academic schools. Among them, chapter 1 ~ 7 discusses the composition and significance of poetry, chapter 8 ~1tells the story of a Venetian general and an art patron, and chapter 12 ~ 13 compares the modern western social order with the moral ideal of Confucius in China./kloc-. Chapter 4 1 praises Mussolini, and chapter 62 ~ 7 1 studies American President john adams and his Pisa poems written in American prison camps, describing his mental journey as a war criminal through the "night of the soul", and so on. The main characteristics of his thought are: opposing capitalist industrial civilization and western orthodox cultural domination (including English literary dogma, Jews and literary censorship), and emphasizing drawing lessons from the wisdom of the East and the wealth of ancient civilizations (such as ancient poems of China and Egypt, japanese theatre, Confucian philosophy, ancient Roman art, Jefferson's democratic ideal of physiocracy, etc.). ), thus creating a beautiful world full of humanity, advocating art, multi-cultural coexistence, sheltered and led by individual wisdom savior. In poetry theory, Pound once put forward the concepts of image poetry and "vortex theory", which broke the strict structure of traditional poetry, promoted the historical breakthrough and development of modern poetry forms in Britain and the United States, and made great progress in broadening horizons, seeking success and innovation, and absorbing oriental and ancient cultures. Pound was also one of the western poets who promoted Chinese civilization and translated and introduced China's ancient poems.
Pound has made great efforts in promoting cultural exchanges between China and the West. His imagist works have absorbed some writing forms and characteristics of Japanese poetry, such as haiku poems. He expounded Confucius' theory in his long poem Poems, and collected and translated more than a dozen ancient poems of China in China published by 19 15. Pound doesn't know much about Chinese. His translation is from Japanese. Pound also translated The Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean and The Analects of Confucius. In the process of translation, Pound got help from some experts and scholars in Washington and overcame various difficulties. Although people can criticize translation, Pound made an unprecedented attempt. In addition to translating China's works, Pound also translated foreign literary works in many languages, including Japanese, Greek and Italian literature. In this respect, Pound is also an accomplished translator.