When it comes to Chinese, what do you think of? Is it "an article can tell a story through the ages, only a small amount of time is spent on gains and losses", or "a word that is not astonishing will never stop", or "an article is made by nature, and a skillful hand can accidentally acquire it", or something else? In fact, when we talk about Chinese, we often ignore one of the most basic issues, that is, Chinese is actually a language, and writing is just talking. If we grasp this, we will understand one of the most basic aspects of learning Chinese. It is also the most effective way, that is to learn from life. Having said that, how do you learn Chinese? I believe that the most important thing in learning Chinese is to accumulate frequently.
1. Reading, Memorization, Reading and Writing
Chinese is a basic subject, and it is particularly important to have a solid foundation. So where does this profound foundation come from? Come from accumulation. Especially when writing, it is necessary to accumulate a certain amount of materials, so that associations can be settled, points and aspects can be combined, content can be enriched, and theory and materials can be connected. The so-called diligent accumulation includes these four aspects: read more, remember more, read more, and write more.
(1) Read more
First of all, read more. What should you read? The reform of the college entrance examination system has also put forward higher requirements for students' knowledge. As students, the best way for us to gain extensive knowledge is to read books and newspapers. Reading must involve all aspects. As Mr. Lu Xun's classic metaphor said, everyone must read like bees. Not only must they work hard to collect nectar, but they must also collect it from many sources and collect all kinds of pollen in order to make sweet wine. It is absolutely not okay to bite the honey tightly in one place. Wang Meng said that writers should be scholars, and this is also true. Liberal arts students should read more books on natural sciences to exercise their rigorous rational thinking and logical thinking abilities; science students should also learn more about humanities and improve their literary literacy and cultural heritage. Today, when the knowledge system is highly differentiated and concentrated, we must learn to break the boundaries between disciplines, promote inter-discipline interconnection and mutual penetration, in order to improve quality, be good at summarizing the knowledge system formed in our minds, be good at promoting associations, and achieve From one to that, from the outside to the inside, the effect of drawing inferences from one instance to another.
Generally speaking, I will read big masterpieces during the holidays. On the one hand, we have too little free time and do not allow us to spend a lot of energy studying this; on the other hand, , during the holidays, you can concentrate your energy and better appreciate the essence of the book. I usually read more newspapers and magazines. A high-quality magazine brings you not only the beauty of the articles, but also the pleasure and enlightenment of the soul, the broadening of horizons and the enrichment of knowledge. In my opinion, "Reader", "Vision", and "Youth Digest" are all very good magazines, and "Global Times", "Southern Weekend", and "Chinese Language Newspaper" are all very good newspapers. I basically read them every Must read every issue. In addition, there are some contemporary prose and sketches, such as the works of Yu Qiuyu, Liu Yong, Qiao Ye, Shi Tiesheng, Lin Qingxuan and others. For our middle school students, it is not an exaggeration to call them a big gold mine. These articles may be subtle, insightful, enlightening, or thought-provoking, but most of them are short, concise, concise, and beautifully written, leaving a long and memorable aftertaste. After boring study, reading these articles can not only regulate the brain, but also cultivate the temperament. It is really a great pleasure in life!
Reading is not just for you to read, but to read with your heart and memorize with your hands when necessary. That means you have to take reading notes and make excerpts. The ancients said that if you don’t use pen and ink, you won’t be able to read. As the saying goes, a good memory is worse than a bad writing! Prepare a special notebook. When you see sentences, paragraphs, or even articles that you think are better, write them down. When reading, write down any thoughts, insights, or inspirations you have at any time. Because they are all things called inspiration, or sparks of thinking, which may only pass by in a flash. If you don't catch them now, they may never happen again in the future. After writing it down, take it out and look through it from time to time. Use it to read in the morning. Gradually, these things will become your own without knowing it. When you need to use them, you can just grab them at your fingertips.
My Chinese scores have always been very good, and I think this is largely due to this. I have developed the habit of taking reading notes since I was in junior high school. At first, I was forced by the teacher to extract some things and submit them to him for review once a week. The teacher's policy only lasted for a while, but my habit remained. From now on, whenever I see any beautiful or inspiring sentences while reading, I will always write them down at any time, no matter how tight my time is. Because I feel that if I don’t write these things down, I may never see them again in the future. Wouldn’t that be a big loss for me? So, the habit was formed, and I never gave up even during my stressful senior year of high school. Little things add up, and the little things that usually seem inconspicuous gradually turn into one or two books... By the time I graduate from high school, I already have four books. Unfortunately, because these books were circulated in the class, one of them was lost to a classmate and could never be found again. This made me beat my chest for a long time.
I still love the remaining three books. The beautiful outer cover, neat handwriting, and substantial content inside record all my thoughts, hard work, and sweat at that time. I think I really should treasure them as a treasure. At that time, some classmates joked with me: "Our class's composition evaluation class has almost turned into your composition appreciation class." During the college entrance examination, I got almost a perfect score in my composition, and I think this should all be attributed to it.
You may ask, what is the use of talking so much? I think that reading has a subtle effect on us to a large extent. Unknowingly, your sense of language, Chinese knowledge, and literary quality will improve a lot. This is not only decisive for you to learn Chinese well, but also for your Outlook on life, personal temperament, and cultivation all have a great influence. Because I always believe that there is a beautiful world and rich life in books.
(2) Memorize more
Secondly, it is necessary to recite more famous poems, historical allusions, beautiful chapters, idioms and sayings. When I was a freshman in high school, I was crazy about poetry. I excerpted a lot, memorized a lot, and searched for all the poems I could find, both ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign. This fascination allows me to basically have it at my fingertips when I use poetry in the future, just right. In fact, if we read it carefully, there are really many good things in poetry that are worth exploring, such as the expression of emotions, the description of scenery, the poetic narrative, etc. To give a few simple examples, "The bright moon shines among the pines, and the clear spring flows up the rocks" - he discovered what others did not discover; "The noisy cicada forest is more quiet, and the bird singing mountain is more secluded" - he felt what others did not feel; "Look up to the sky and go out laughing, how can we be the people of Penghao" - what optimism and confidence! "There is no way to eliminate this, so I raised my eyebrows and raised it in my heart" - how delicate and vivid! As the old saying goes: "The poetry and calligraphy in your belly will make you beautiful." If you want to have a good temperament, of course, more realistically speaking, if you want to get high scores in the college entrance examination, then I suggest you read more poetry.
Learn as much as possible about historical allusions. On the one hand, it helps you grasp the historical background of the article as quickly as possible when reading classical Chinese. Of course, if you really know a lot, and if you are very lucky, it is very likely that you will encounter historical facts that you already know while reading classical Chinese, that would be even better. On the other hand, it will help you to easily use these historical allusions as arguments or as a basis for association when writing essays, or even use them to structure your essay, such as "Zhaojun's Choice", one of the full-score essays in the 2002 college entrance examination. is a good example.
Master as many idioms and sayings as possible. The mastery here does not mean that you need to memorize it by rote, but that you understand and apply it in the process of reading and writing. Achieving this will not only make it easy to solve the multiple-choice question that tests idiom knowledge, but it will also be of great help to your composition. If you read a few articles by Mao Zedong, you will find that the biggest feature of his articles is the large number of quotations from famous poems, historical allusions, and idioms. I think that, aside from the political nature of his articles, in terms of literary nature, this is where the readability lies.
(3) Read more
Again, read more. The reading here does not refer to reading, but to learn to observe. In social life, we must not only be brave enough to acquire new knowledge, but also be good at acquiring new knowledge.
Pay attention to observation, which is very beneficial to our Chinese learning. What should we observe? From the sun, moon and stars in the sky to the bugs, ants, and soil on the ground, in short, everything in the sky and the earth should be the object of our observation. When we see them, we should think, if I were asked to describe it, what should I write? When we see a person, we should also think about it. If I were to write about him, what characteristics should I capture about him? There are absolutely no same people and things in the world. When we describe, we must grasp the characteristics and use the most concise language to describe the characteristics of things most vividly. Only when we think and write like this in normal times will we not have nothing to say during the exam, and can we expand the scope of our material selection and make our articles more substantial and richer.
Life is the source of writing. Without the observation of life, writing becomes water without a source and a tree without roots. To cultivate your own writing ability, you must start by observing life, go deep into life, and correctly understand and understand life.
(4) Write more
Finally, a very important point is to write more and practice writing more. I don’t know if you all have the habit of keeping a diary. I used to have it. At that time, I not only kept a diary but also a weekly diary. I like to sit under the desk lamp every night to quietly sort out my thoughts and pick up the little bits and pieces of life. It feels like I am collecting the past days and my own life. Really, I don’t mean to exaggerate, it does feel like this. Because, I think, if I don’t collect the good life I have now, wouldn’t it be a big pity if I let it be discarded like used banknotes and torn-off calendars?
But now, enter After college, every day seems to be spent in a hurry, so hurried that life is no longer calm and feelings are no longer delicate. I rarely keep a diary anymore. I only think of talking about it when I am depressed. This is really a big loss for me.
Occasionally I look through my old diary, and every detail of that time comes to mind again, and I feel really warm in my heart. But what if I don’t keep these diaries? When I frown and try hard to think back on the journey I have taken in a day, a few days, a month, a year or even more than ten years, the things I can recall or think are meaningful are only very few. faded from my memory. It makes me feel like I'm enjoying life lavishly rather than savoring it carefully.
For middle school students, keeping a diary can have a significant impact on writing. First, journaling can prompt you to observe life better. When you sit under the lamp at night and prepare to write down something that happened today that you think is interesting or meaningful, you suddenly can't write it down because you realize that you didn't observe it carefully at the time. , you don’t know some of the very important details, and you can’t make him as interesting as you see him. After a few such experiences, you will gradually develop a good habit of paying attention. Secondly, diaries can provide material for our writing. When I write essays, I often look for themes and inspiration from my diary. You will find that if you write about issues that you have thought about seriously in your diary or events that you have described in detail, you will be able to complete your composition eloquently and in one go without any effort. In the examination room, this can help you write a good essay and save a lot of time. Even if you don’t use those questions or events in your examination essay, it doesn’t matter. You can also use classic sentences that you have written. Furthermore, writing more diaries can also exercise your ability to choose words and form sentences.
2. Choosing words and constructing sentences
When it comes to choosing words and constructing sentences, I think having smooth and catchy sentences is a necessary condition for a beautiful article. If you want to write beautiful sentences, you must practice consciously and cultivate your ability in this area. You can try the following methods: word association, image association, sentence exchange exercises, short sentence elongation, refrains, exaggeration, close-ups, personification, metaphors, symbols, foils, etc. I think the most effective ones are sentence changing exercises and short sentence lengthening, which are interwoven with other methods.
Let’s do an exercise. Let's imagine a situation where when you see something or experience something, you suddenly recall another thing or something related to it. How should you describe your mental activity when you "remember"? In other words, what kind of transition will you use to induce what you are going to describe next?
Let’s give a simple example.
Throw the endless thoughts into the ripples of the water, and let them spread endlessly, round and round...
The sail of memory sails into the past years...
Looking back now, I realize...
The pace of time once again brought those scattered sentences back to my dreams...
The tide of time brought I push back to the beach today...
Time passes by in a hurry, but the beautiful memories completely re-enter my heart from the flying years, and fall into the deepest corner of my soul...
p>The door of memory opened...
His thoughts were like spring water flooding...
What other sentences can you think of? Have you just discovered that a sentence can have so many wonderful ways of saying it, and that Chinese has such flexible expressions?
This example may seem simple, but it actually shows the most basic and important method of connecting words to create sentences. Please do not underestimate this method. I don’t know if you have heard of such a story. After the death of the great writer Leo Tolstoy, people found a notebook among his manuscripts, in which many sentences were densely written, but these sentences were not connected to each other and were not divided into paragraphs. People studied it for a long time and didn't understand what was going on. Later, one of his friends revealed the secret. It turns out that this is the book Tolstoy used to compose sentences! People were shocked. A famous writer pays so much attention to sentence making, let alone ordinary middle school students like us?
Above, I mainly talked about how to study Chinese in daily life. Next, I want to talk to you about some non-techniques in writing for exams.