2. There are some fixed collocations, such as ".
,.
.. and ",".
This is a supplement to the first point, that is, if there is a subject in front of the general subject, the sentence will be broken. What I said before is broken sentences, and what I said later is broken complex sentences. There are often antithetical sentences in ancient Chinese. When you see two sentences with similar forms, you should draw a line between them.
5. Some of them are juxtaposed, which should look good. 6. There are "Who said that" and "Who said that", followed by a rest, which is the beginning of others' speeches.
7. There is basically nothing wrong with these tricks in my high school. I usually deduct one point for translating ancient Chinese, and deduct at most half a point for punctuating sentences, otherwise I will get everything. Believe me, there is nothing wrong.
2. What are the basic requirements for sentence breaking in classical Chinese in senior high school? 1. Look at the key words.
(1) Anyone who sees the word "Yue" must be a direct speech or an indirect speech, with a colon and double quotation marks. As mentioned above, Teng Wengong asked, "..." Mencius said, "...".
(2) The modal particles "Ye", "Hu", "Yi", "Ya" and "Er" are often used at the end of a sentence to express a certain mood and can indicate the position at the end of a sentence. Such as "... can be reached" "... can be" and "everything is in harmony" For another example, "Fu" and "Gai" are often located at the beginning of a sentence as the initial words. And "is so" is often located at the beginning of the clause, indicating the inheritance relationship. And "qi" is often located at the beginning of a sentence, indicating a rhetorical tone.
(3) Look at the appellation. The appellation of characters is often used as subject or object. Usually at the beginning or end of a sentence. Teng Wengong and Mencius are the themes in the above article, and they are located at the beginning of the sentence.
(4) interjections. Such as: alas, alas, emotions are used independently.
Look at sentence patterns
(1) See fixed collocation. Common special sentence patterns in classical Chinese have fixed collocations. As mentioned earlier, "Teng, a small country is also" is a judgment sentence with "also" at the end of the sentence. Others, such as "those people mentioned above", will everything be fine? "... Hu, ..." Hu "in" Chuhu "is a fixed sentence selection collocation.
(2) Pay attention to the integrity and duality of sentences.
In order to pursue the harmony of phonology and the neatness of sentence patterns, classical Chinese often adopts whole sentences, with the same number of words before and after the sentence, and sometimes duality and rhyme. For example, the above two sentences "chisel thinking, build leaves" are very neat, and the sentences behind "leaves" should be broken.
The meaning of reading the article
As mentioned above, "then there is an argument", and after "argument" is the content of explanation. In fact, it is a relationship between general statement and sub-statement, so a colon should be used.
4. Master the necessary knowledge of literature and history
For example, Teng, Chu and Qi are country names, not Teng, and Mencius is the representative of Confucianism.
3. What are the ways to break sentences in 3.NMET's classical Chinese? You can take a look at it slowly, which will be useful to you: a sense of language is really important, and there will be obvious differences between reading and not reading and how much you read. I still found a general method on the internet, which makes sense. See if it helps. 1. Don't ask long and short paragraphs, it is the key to be familiar with the content. You can break sentences before you start. When candidates break sentences in classical Chinese, a common mistake is to break sentences while reading. After reading the article, the sentence is over. Looking back, I feel that there are many inappropriate places. In fact, this "one-step" method is not feasible. Understanding the content is closely related to sentence breaking. Reading carefully and understanding the main idea is the premise of correctly breaking sentences, because you can't read continuously. It's not good to watch it twice and flash it. When we get an ancient prose without punctuation, we must first read the whole text and study it repeatedly. As the saying goes, "read a book a hundred times and you will understand its meaning." Read it several times, and you will naturally understand the meaning. Then, according to the content of the article, first break out several large paragraphs or levels and disconnect the places that are sure. 2. read the full text before and after, and you will be able to distinguish it later. This is often easy and difficult. After we have roughly grasped the meaning of the article, we can first disconnect what can be broken and gradually narrow the scope, and then focus on analyzing difficult sentences. This is a method that is easy first and difficult later. For example, we can break sentences that are easy to distinguish according to some obvious signs (such as function words and dialogues mentioned below). In addition, we should have a sense of full text, and we should contact the meaning of the context for places that are not easy to break away. Make sure to break sentences in appropriate places. 3. Hold fast to "Yue", "Yun" and "Yan", and the dialogue will be the easiest to find. In classical Chinese, words such as "Yue", "Yun" and "Yan" are often used when describing the dialogue between characters, which provides convenience for correct sentence breaking. When we encounter words such as "Yue", "Yun" and "Yan", we can easily find them according to the context. There are many function words in classical Chinese, such as "Only Hu Zhe". Ouyang Xiu's Drunken Pavilion uses 27 "leaves" throughout, and almost every sentence ends with the word "leaves", which is a beautiful talk. The main function of function words in classical Chinese is to express grammatical relations and mood, which is often an important symbol to distinguish sentences. We are familiar with the usage of various commonly used function words in our study. In particular, their common positions in sentences help to break sentences: ① The modal particles "Qi, Gai, Wei, Mi, Fu, Fu, Ruofu" at the beginning of a sentence can break sentences, and the relatively independent exclamations commonly used at the beginning of a sentence, such as Fu, Mo Hu and Ai, can break sentences before and after; (2) The modal particle "Ye, Ye, Ye, Zai, Hu, Yan, Er, Jiu" at the end of the sentence can be broken; ③ Some related words commonly used at the beginning of a sentence, such as Gou, Zong, Shi, so, however, in any case, Zhi Ruo, even then, Ran Ze, can be used to break sentences. Time words that often appear at the beginning of a sentence, such as "knowing each other", "knowing each other", "in a few days", "you have to wait" and "you have to wait", are also helpful to break sentences. For example, Peng Duanshu's "Learn to Be a Son and Nephew" in the Qing Dynasty: "Is the world difficult? For it, it is easy and difficult; If you don't do it, it will be difficult for people who are easy to do it. It took a long time to know, but I did it without hesitation. I don't know whether this is stupid or mediocre. My talent is smarter than others, and my materials are more sensitive than others. Refusing to use it is no different from stupidity and mediocrity. However, what's the use of being stupid and smart? " This passage is typical. There are seventeen sentences and seventeen punctuation marks in the whole paragraph. Eleven modal particles (Hu, Yi, Ye, Yan, Zai) and three conjunctions at the end of the sentence, and the solidified structure (Zhe, Er, Ran Ze) are the signs of sentence breaking. Also pay attention to flexible use, such as "born before me, its taste is good, fixed before me, so I can learn", "Hu" as a preposition in the sentence, the part of speech has changed. "Ye" can be used to ease the tone in a sentence, but it can be punctuated or not. 5. Grasp the special sentence patterns and don't break up the fixed structure. Remember. ); "Like ... what" (like the Taihang Wangs? ); "Only ... is ..." (only Ma Yu followed closely); "Not only the weather, but also the suppression" (not only the weather, but also the suppression); "Don't worry ..." (Don't worry? ); "Why ..." (Qin rude, why see? ); "Nothing ... almost (nothing is not? ); "Can you get it? "(can you get it? ); "Nothing ..." (Nothing unusual? ), etc. , can help break sentences. Remember the fixed phrases in classical Chinese, and don't split them, which can reduce sentence-breaking errors, such as "something", "nothing", "nothing", "thought", "what if", "enough", "nothing is" and "why". We can use grammar knowledge to analyze sentences in classical Chinese, and determine how to break sentences according to grammar analysis. Sometimes it is difficult to determine whether some words in an article belong to subordinates or subordinates, but it is easy to solve when using grammatical knowledge to divide subjects, predicates and objects. Like modern Chinese, the subject and object of classical Chinese are generally served by nouns or pronouns, and predicates are mostly served by verbs. Predicate is the core of a sentence. Grasping the predicate verb and inferring according to the verb position and the relationship between the verb and the word before and after can improve the accuracy of sentence breaking. In addition, the word order of classical Chinese is basically the same as that of modern Chinese, that is, the subject comes first, the predicate and object come last, and the modifier comes before the head word. Mastering the word order law of classical Chinese lays the foundation for accurate punctuation of classical Chinese. It can be seen that grammatical analysis is helpful for accurate punctuation of classical Chinese. The same words are closely related, but generally the middle point is broken. When writing articles, the ancients paid great attention to the neatness, correspondence and mutual care of antithesis.
4. How to recite classical Chinese teaching in senior high school and how to recite it; Several sentence patterns, such as inversion, attributive postposition and word usage, make a verb mean a verb.
The meaning of common words. That's enough.
The national college entrance examination paper comes from the five-point dictation book, and the sub-topics cannot be lost. Read a classical Chinese, three or four multiple-choice questions, examine sentence grammar, summarize content understanding, and use interchangeable words.
Translate two sentences and examine the translation of key words. The fluency of sentences should not be lost. There is also practice. If you are a senior three, you can write a classical Chinese every day, and the effect is very good. Classical Chinese teaching has always followed the traditional mode of "solving problems-background introduction-cross talk translation-sentence depth analysis-reciting and memorizing", which is costly and inefficient.
So, how to improve the effectiveness of classical Chinese teaching in junior high school? Based on my own practical experience, I have summarized the following teaching strategies: 1. "Reading a book a hundred times will help you understand yourself." As the saying goes, "Read 300 Tang poems by heart, even if you can't write, you will recite them." Yao Jichuan also said: "Generally speaking, people who study ancient Chinese must read aloud and slowly. It takes a long time from enlightenment.
If you can watch silently, you will be a layman all your life. The truth of reading is that reading can cultivate a sense of language, be familiar with vocabulary and sentence patterns, and experience the thoughts and feelings in the language.
Then grasp the author's interest, momentum or charm. It is not only a process of language accumulation, but also an aesthetic process from changing sentences to expressing feelings rhythmically.
Therefore, I think that in teaching, it is essential for teachers to demonstrate reading or students to listen to multimedia reading, and students to read together. To read aloud, you must first "pronounce clearly".
The pronunciation of some words in classical Chinese is different from that commonly used in modern Chinese today, which requires our teachers to read models or students to listen to multimedia reading to deepen their memory. For example, I should read "yāo" instead of "Yao" in the sentence "I'm going home soon" in The Peach Blossom Garden.
The existence of these homophones in classical Chinese makes model reading particularly important. In addition, we should "read the sentences clearly".
Middle school classical Chinese textbooks all have punctuation marks, and sentence pauses are easy to master. The difficulty lies in the grammatical pause in some complicated sentences. For example, in the Analects of Confucius, "review the past and learn new things, and you can be a teacher."
A word in ancient Chinese is a word. The ancient meaning of "can" is: you can rely on it, while "think" omits "know".
Therefore, this sentence should be read as "review the past and learn new things, and you can be a teacher." It can't be misinterpreted as "reviewing the past and learning the new, you can be a teacher."
Through model essay reading, students can master the pause of syllables and read fluently. At this time, the teacher will guide students to read silently against the text notes. On the basis of reading, the teacher will read aloud by name in teaching and organize synchronous reading.
This can stimulate students' interest and confidence in learning. When they read more, they will naturally recite, so that they can understand and appreciate the thoughts and feelings in the language. Reading aloud runs through the whole teaching process and cannot be regarded as a teaching link in isolation.
Its so-called "reading a hundred times" is self-evident. Second, stimulate interest.
Einstein said: "Interest is the best teacher, and it often trumps the sense of responsibility." Indeed, interest is the internal motivation to promote students to learn knowledge and develop innovative thinking.
Therefore, when teaching ancient Chinese, teachers should first arouse students' learning enthusiasm, thus improving the timeliness of the classroom. In addition to the above reading methods, in guiding and stimulating students' interest in learning classical Chinese, I also summarized the following methods: 1, appropriately introducing, creating situations, guiding students to take classical Chinese classes, and making them feel the fun of walking in.
For example, when studying Mulan's poems, first show students the highlights of the movie Mulan, thus arousing their interest in learning this article. 2. In specific text teaching, choose or play stories related to the text or the author to stimulate students' interest in learning.
For example, when I study Sun Quan's persuasion, I will tell a few short historical stories related to Sun Quan and Monroe. When studying the Analects of Confucius, I will briefly tell the story of Confucius traveling around the world.
Let students be moved and active, and improve the classroom teaching effect. .
Classical Chinese teaching has always followed the traditional mode of "problem solving-background introduction-cross talk translation-sentence depth analysis-recitation", which has high cost and low efficiency. So, how to improve the effectiveness of classical Chinese teaching in junior high school? Based on my own practical experience, I have summarized the following teaching strategies: 1. "Reading a book a hundred times will help you understand yourself." As the saying goes, "Read 300 Tang poems by heart, even if you can't write, you will recite them."
Yao Jichuan also said: "Generally speaking, people who study ancient Chinese must read aloud and slowly. It takes a long time from enlightenment. If you can watch silently, you will be a layman all your life. "
The truth of reading is that reading can cultivate a sense of language, be familiar with vocabulary and sentence patterns, and experience the thoughts and feelings in the language. Then grasp the author's interest, momentum or charm.
It is not only a process of language accumulation, but also an aesthetic process from changing sentences to expressing feelings rhythmically. Therefore, I think that in teaching, it is essential for teachers to demonstrate reading or students to listen to multimedia reading, and students to read together.
To read aloud, you must first "pronounce clearly". The pronunciation of some words in classical Chinese is different from that commonly used in modern Chinese today, which requires our teachers to read models or students to listen to multimedia reading to deepen their memory.
For example, I should read "yāo" instead of "Yao" in the sentence "I'm going home soon" in The Peach Blossom Garden. The existence of these homophones in classical Chinese makes model reading particularly important.
In addition, we should "read the sentences clearly". Middle school classical Chinese textbooks all have punctuation marks, and sentence pauses are easy to master. The difficulty lies in the grammatical pause in some complicated sentences.
For example, in the Analects of Confucius, "review the past and learn new things, and you can be a teacher." A word in ancient Chinese is a word.
The ancient meaning of "can" is: you can rely on it, while "think" omits "know". Therefore, this sentence should be read as "review the past and learn new things, and you can be a teacher."
It can't be misinterpreted as "reviewing the past and learning the new, you can be a teacher." Through model essay reading, students can master the pause of syllables and read fluently.
At this time, the teacher will guide students to read silently against the text notes. On the basis of reading, the teacher will read aloud by name in teaching and organize synchronous reading. This can stimulate students' interest and confidence in learning. When they read more, they will naturally recite, so that they can understand and appreciate the thoughts and feelings in the language.
And will read aloud throughout the teaching process.
5. How to break sentences in classical Chinese? First, what is a sentence break? Han Yu said in "Teacher's Theory": "A boy's teacher learns from his readers by teaching."
"Learning to read sentences" means teaching students to break sentences. In ancient China, there were no punctuation marks. An article or even a book is written one by one, so predecessors should break sentences by themselves when reading, and often use "."
Disconnect, called "sentence"; Break with ","where the tone stops in the sentence. This is called "reading". Interrupting ancient books can also be called reading sentences.
Second, the analysis of test sites In 2004, sentence breaks were included in the "Test Instructions" of the Beijing College Entrance Examination as a kind of ability. The third item of reading ancient poems in the exam instructions of Beijing paper is: understanding the content of the article (including translation, sentence breaking, etc. ).
In 2005, the topic of punctuating classical Chinese also appeared in Fudan's independent enrollment examination questions. Sentence breaking is a traditional way to examine classical Chinese, and it is also a basic skill to learn classical Chinese.
Distinguishing sentence reading requires comprehensive use of ancient Chinese words and common sense of ancient history and culture, so the ability to judge sentences has become an important symbol of classical Chinese reading ability. The reason why the ancients paid attention to sentence breaking is because the correctness of sentence breaking directly affects the understanding of the meaning of the text. If the sentence is broken incorrectly, it will inevitably misunderstand the original meaning of ancient Chinese.
Some data in ancient books are recorded incorrectly, which leads to misunderstanding. There is a story in "Everything is done by Han Feizi, Foreign Reserve talks about the lower left": Lu Aigong asked Confucius, "I heard that I have one foot (one foot, one foot.
Author's note), believe it? Yue: "Hey, so are people. Why is it a foot?" "There is no difference between them, just by voice. Yao said, one is enough.
Make it interesting. So, the gentleman said,' I have one, that's enough.
Not a foot. "This short story, for people to understand the importance of sentence-breaking, its significance is self-evident.
Three, the college entrance examination questions playback 2004 national college entrance examination Chinese papers (Beijing volume) 1 1. Break the underlined part of the classical Chinese below with diagonal lines. (5 points) People near the border have good skills. If the horse dies for no reason, the conference semifinals all hang on to their fathers. Why not? Why not? Why not? Why not? Why not? Why not? Why not? Why not? Why not? Why not? Hu/everyone hangs on horseback; His horse will return to Hu's; Everyone congratulated him; His family is rich and well off; His son likes riding/wrestling, but his leg is broken. Ding Zhuang led the string battle; The man near the plug is dead; Therefore, happiness is a curse/curse is a blessing/curse is extremely profound/unfathomable; According to the analysis data of the Chinese examination paper of Beijing College Entrance Examination in 2004, the scores of sentence-breaking questions in classical Chinese are as follows: the difficulty is 0.6500.0000000.
The city's 8453 1 examinee, with an average score of 3.04 points; The full score is 152 16, accounting for18%; 0 points of 4044 people, accounting for 5%. The above statistics show that it is very important for our Chinese total score to do well in these five sub-questions.
As can be seen from the test scores, the examinee's ability to break sentences in classical Chinese is poor, which is essentially a lack of sense of language in classical Chinese. There is no doubt that the reason for my lack of language sense is that I usually only do problems without reading, and there is no need to accumulate too little reading.
Chinese learning depends largely on accumulation, perception and edification, especially for the study of classical Chinese. Fourth, the method refers to that many candidates in Tianjin are afraid of broken sentences in classical Chinese.
So, is there a rule to follow in the sentence breaking in classical Chinese? In fact, sometimes there is a way to break sentences in classical Chinese, and there is a key to grasp. Now, according to certain methods and grasping some key points, it will bring convenience to the sentence breaking in classical Chinese.
In the teaching of sentence-breaking in classical Chinese, the author consulted a lot of materials and summed up a set of practical sentence-breaking methods through continuous exploration. Please remember the following formula first: don't be afraid of the difficulty of breaking sentences in ancient Chinese, and wait for leisure after careful consideration.
Don't ask long and short paragraphs. It is the key to read and think carefully. Only when you fully understand the composition can you break sentences. Read the full text before and after, easy before difficult.
Hold fast to "Yue", "Cloud" and "Speech", and dialogue is the easiest to find. The commonly used function words are symbols, which are regular and can be used for reference.
Master idioms, but don't break up fixed structures. The meaning of part of speech should be carefully studied, and the grammatical structure is helpful to judge.
Duality and repetition are parallel, and rhetoric provides good conditions; The same word is closely related, generally separated in the middle. Look back after the topic is finished and check it carefully as required.
Lay a solid foundation for reading textbooks and cultivate a sense of language to read classics; Practice a thousand songs, watch a thousand swords, and punctuate sentences repeatedly. 1. Don't ask questions about the length of the article. Reading carefully and understanding the main idea is the key. Before you start to break sentences, students often make a mistake when they break sentences in classical Chinese. After reading the article, the sentence is over. They looked back and felt that there were many inappropriate places.
In fact, this "one-step" method is not feasible. Understanding the content is closely related to sentence breaking. Reading carefully and understanding the general idea is the premise of correctly breaking sentences, because if you don't understand, you can continue to point, and if you don't understand, you can't point well.
Can't do it so-so, can't read it, can't read it twice, and can't get through. When we get an ancient prose without punctuation, we must first read the whole text and study it repeatedly. As the saying goes, "read a book a hundred times and you will understand its meaning." Read it several times, and you will naturally understand the meaning.
Then, according to the content of the article, break several large sections or levels first, and disconnect the places that are sure. For example, after reading the test questions on the Beijing paper, we can understand the meaning and level of the article: this paragraph tells the story of "A saiweng loses his horse, wins the horse, and gains the horse", telling people not to treat "gain" and "loss" in isolation and stillness.
"Good" and "bad", "good" and "bad" can be transformed into each other under certain conditions. After basically understanding the main idea of the article, we can grasp the development process of "falling horse-winning horse-falling son", grasp people's views and "Saiweng" attitude, and break sentences layer by layer.
It is often easy and difficult to punctuate a paragraph before and after reading the full text. After we have roughly grasped the meaning of the article, we can first disconnect what can be disconnected and gradually narrow the scope, and then concentrate on analyzing difficult sentences.
This is a method that is easy first and difficult later. For example, in this year's Beijing Volume, we broke the underlined sentence, which implied the underlined part.
6. I am a senior three, and there is something wrong with the sentence break in classical Chinese. I'm not afraid to ask for advice when I break sentences in ancient Chinese. I'll be idle when I think about it carefully
Don't ask long and short paragraphs. It is the key to read and think carefully. Only when you fully understand the composition can you break sentences. Read the full text before and after, easy before difficult.
Hold fast to "Yue", "Cloud" and "Speech", and dialogue is the easiest to find. The commonly used function words are symbols, which are regular and can be used for reference.
Master idioms, but don't break up fixed structures. The meaning of part of speech should be carefully studied, and the grammatical structure is helpful to judge.
Duality and repetition are parallel, and rhetoric provides good conditions; The same word is closely related, generally separated in the middle. Look back after the topic is finished and check it carefully as required.
Lay a solid foundation for reading textbooks and cultivate a sense of language to read classics; Practice a thousand songs, watch a thousand swords, and punctuate sentences repeatedly. 1. Don't ask questions about the length of the article. Reading carefully and understanding the main idea is the key. Before you start to break sentences, students often make a mistake when they break sentences in classical Chinese. After reading the article, the sentence is over. They looked back and felt that there were many inappropriate places.
In fact, this "one-step" method is not feasible. Understanding the content is closely related to sentence breaking. Reading carefully and understanding the general idea is the premise of correctly breaking sentences, because if you don't understand, you can continue to point, and if you don't understand, you can't point well.
Can't do it so-so, can't read it, can't read it twice, and can't get through. When we get an ancient prose without punctuation, we must first read the whole text and study it repeatedly. As the saying goes, "read a book a hundred times and you will understand its meaning." Read it several times, and you will naturally understand the meaning.
Then, according to the content of the article, break several large sections or levels first, and disconnect the places that are sure. For example, after reading the test questions on the Beijing paper, we can understand the meaning and level of the article: this paragraph tells the story of "A saiweng loses his horse, wins the horse, and gains the horse", telling people not to treat "gain" and "loss" in isolation and stillness.
"Good" and "bad", "good" and "bad" can be transformed into each other under certain conditions. After basically understanding the main idea of the article, we can grasp the development process of "falling horse-winning horse-falling son", grasp people's views and "Saiweng" attitude, and break sentences layer by layer.
It is often easy and difficult to punctuate a paragraph before and after reading the full text. After we have roughly grasped the meaning of the article, we can first disconnect what can be disconnected and gradually narrow the scope, and then concentrate on analyzing difficult sentences.
This is a method that is easy first and difficult later. For example, in this year's Beijing Volume, let's break the underlined sentences, suggesting that the underlined parts can be broken before and after, which is very helpful for us to understand the content of paragraphs and break sentences.
We can also break sentences that are easy to distinguish according to some obvious signs (such as function words and dialogues mentioned below). In addition, we should have full-text awareness. For places that are not easy to break sentences, we should contact the meaning of the context and carefully scrutinize them to determine where to break sentences.
For example, students get very low scores in sentences ① and ② when they do the sentence-breaking problem of classical Chinese in Beijing volumes, which is mainly influenced by "Ren Hu" and "distinguished people". In fact, it is easy to connect with the following "Jia Fuzi is good at riding and shooting, and everyone hangs his father's words"-the underlined part should be broken at the back, and "father's words" should be punctuated at the front, so "everyone" should be interrupted. 3. Grasping "Yue", "Yun" and "Yan" tightly, the dialogue is the easiest to find. Classical Chinese often uses words such as "Yue", "Yun" and "Yan" when describing the dialogue between characters, which provides convenience for correct sentence breaking.
When we encounter words such as "Yue", "Cloud" and "Yan", it is easy for us to judge the speaker and content according to the context. For example, "His father said" and "Why not do this ..." appeared many times in the Beijing volume.
4. Commonly used function words are symbols, which are regularly used for reference. There are many function words like "ye" in classical Chinese. Ouyang Xiu's Drunken Pavilion uses 27 "leaves" throughout, and almost every sentence ends with the word "leaves", which is a beautiful talk. The main function of function words in classical Chinese is to express grammatical relations and mood, which is often an important symbol to distinguish sentences from reading.
In our study, we are familiar with the usage of various commonly used function words, especially their common positions in sentences, which help to break sentences: ① The modal particles at the beginning of a sentence, such as "Qi, Gai, Wei, Mi, Fu, Qi Fu, Ruofu", are often used as prime ministers' exclamations about independence, such as "Qi Fu", "Mo Hu" and "Alas". (2) The modal particle "Ye, Ye, Ye, Zai, Hu, Yan, Er, Jiu" at the end of the sentence can be broken; ③ Some related words commonly used at the beginning of a sentence, such as Gou, Zong, Shi, so, however, in any case, Zhi Ruo, even then, Ran Ze, can be used to break sentences. ④ Time words that often appear at the beginning of a sentence, such as "love", "phase", "Ji Er", "Si Xu" and "He Er", can also play the role of sentence breaking. For example, in the Qing Dynasty, Peng Duanshu wrote "Show your sons and nephews for learning": "What is the matter in the world, is it difficult? For it, it is easy and difficult; If you don't do it, it's hard for easy people.
I can't catch people because of ignorance, and I can't catch people because of incompetence; Learn once and for a long time, but don't be lazy, you will achieve it, but you don't know its vagueness and mediocrity. My talent is smarter than others, and my materials are more sensitive than others; Abandoning it is tantamount to fainting and mediocrity.
However, it is both stupid and clever. How can it be common? "This passage is quite typical. There are seventeen sentences and seventeen punctuation marks in the whole paragraph.
Eleven modal particles (Hu, Yi, Ye, Yan and Zai) at the end of the sentence, three conjunctions, a solidified structure (Ze, Er, Ran Ze) and two pronouns (Zhi) at the beginning of the sentence are the signs of sentence breaking. Of course, we should also pay attention to flexibility when using function words to break sentences, such as "before I was born, I heard the word, and I followed it first", and the word "Hu" is used in the sentence, which is the same as "Yu", and the part of speech has changed.
"Ye" is used in sentences to ease the tone, with or without punctuation. 5. Grasp the special sentence patterns and fix the structure. Don't break up. Remember the following idioms in classical Chinese, such as: "What's the crime?" ? ); "For example ..." (such as Taihang Wu Wang.
7. About the study of classical Chinese in senior high school, briefly introduce several learning methods:
First, master the basic language structure. Classical Chinese can be roughly divided into words and sentences. Among them, words include content words and function words; Sentences can be divided into five categories: judgmental sentences, passive sentences, inverted sentences, ellipsis sentences and fixed sentences. It is the basis of learning classical Chinese to master the language structure of classical Chinese systematically and understand its differences and connections with modern Chinese.
Second, correctly break sentences. There are no punctuation marks in ancient Chinese characters, so how to break sentences directly affects the understanding of the content of the article. The following points should be paid attention to in correctly breaking sentences: understanding keywords and judging the relationship between words; Understand a certain appreciation of ancient culture; Master the rules of dialogue, reporting and quotation in the text; According to the words at the beginning and end of the sentence and the idioms in the sentence.
Third, learn the correct translation methods. The principles of classical Chinese translation are: faithful to the original text, stereotyped words, literal translation as the main, free translation as the auxiliary. The following points should be paid attention to in translation: supplement the omitted parts; Adjust the word order; Increase or decrease appropriately.
Fourth, repeat reading. As the saying goes, if you read a book a hundred times, its meaning will show itself. Reading more books can cultivate a sense of language and achieve the purpose of reading other ancient works skillfully. In addition, classical Chinese pays great attention to the inner rhythm and rhythm, and repeated reading can fully appreciate the musical beauty of the works and improve the interest in learning.