Poetry appreciation involves complicated contents, such as the author's writing background, common allusions, cultural customs, styles and schools, ideological content, common expression skills and so on. In addition, a considerable number of candidates do not have a clear understanding of some terms such as poetry style and expression skills, which brings certain difficulties to review, so the best way is to classify them by examples.
1. Language style: refined, implicit, simple, fresh and lively.
2. Ideological content: lyrical description of scenery, lyrical expression of ambition, frontier battles, sentimental feelings about things, nostalgia for the past, vagrancy, cherishing and hurting spring, in my heart forever's poems, patriotic poems, love poems, homesick poems, etc. Thoughts and feelings include infatuation, sadness, melancholy, loneliness, sadness, loneliness, boredom, calmness, leisure, joy, admiration, anger, adherence to moral integrity, and concern for the country and people.
3. Expression skills: Narrative, discussion, lyricism and description are the ways of expression. The focus of the examination is lyricism and descriptive. Among them, lyricism can be divided into direct lyricism and indirect lyricism (borrowing scenery to express feelings, blending scenes, and supporting things to express feelings); Description can be divided into dynamic and static combination, dynamic contrast, scenery knot, music scene writing mourning, mourning scene Syaraku, contrast between light and shade, bold outline and detailed description; The order of description is: look, listen and feel; Changes in sensation, hearing, vision, taste and touch; Vision, close-up, up and down; The combination of reality and myth, etc. The methods of expression include rendering, contrast, contrast, application, combination of reality and falsehood, combination of positive and negative aspects, combination of reason and reason, suppression before promotion, arrangement, suggestion, humor, symbol, association and imagination. Some commonly used figures of speech are metaphor, allegory, enlightener, metonymy, personification, duality, exaggeration, parallelism, rhetorical question, rhetorical question, foil, repetition, irony, euphemism, intertextuality, allusions, translation, reduplication and so on.
4. Personal style of poetry: generally speaking, there are two kinds of realism and romanticism. Each poet presents his own different characteristics in his own creative practice and forms his own artistic style. For example, Tao Yuanming is simple and natural, Du Fu is depressed and frustrated, Li Bai is bold and elegant, Bai Juyi is easy to understand, Du Mu is beautiful and handsome, Wang Wei's poetry and painting are integrated, Wang Changling is lofty and broad-minded, Li Shangyin is lofty and tragic and desolate, his writing is gorgeous and fragrant, and Li Qingzhao's tearful and thin suburban island. In addition, there are graceful and unconstrained words and popular and humorous songs. Generally speaking, the characteristics of poetry songs are "poetic village", "charming words" and "vulgar songs" respectively.
5. Text structure: The commonly used terms are layered, echoing from beginning to end, always with main points, appropriate details, clever transition, bedding, bedding, exhibition of grand plans, and seeing the big from the small.
Second, master the problem-solving ideas
The main contents of poetry appreciation are: language, image, expression skills, ideological content and the author's views and attitudes. Because it is a short answer, limited by the number of words, candidates must carefully examine the topic requirements and accurately summarize the main points when answering questions. Note when answering questions:
1, closely related to the original poem. The purpose of the proposer's examination in this respect is to see whether the examinee really understands the poem. Therefore, the appreciation of ideological content and expression skills must be combined with the specific content of the original poem, and should not be divorced from the fuzziness of the original poem, otherwise it will be difficult to show that candidates understand the poem.
2, point and surface combination. If we study and appreciate the ideological content or expression skills of poems, we can briefly analyze the couplets of individual poems while summarizing their expressions.
3. The combination of ideological and expressive skills. If you appreciate the ideological content or expression skills of the whole poem, they are often expressed in combination, and it is difficult to answer one of them in isolation. In other words, when you ask to appreciate the ideological content or one of the expressive skills of a poem, you can answer it from both the ideological content and expressive skills.
4. Use standard terminology. When answering questions, candidates should try to use the nouns and terms mentioned above to answer.
III. Frequently Asked Questions
1, content topic problem solving guidance
Read Ouyang Xiu's Picking Mulberry Seeds and analyze the content and theme of this word.
The sky is high and the West Lake is good, and everything in the clouds is fresh.
Seagulls and herons should be used to listening to orchestral music while sleeping.
The wind is clear and the moon is white, and the night is suitable.
Whoever envies Luan is a fairy on board.
The first step of problem-solving guidance is to read the poem carefully and perceive the general meaning of the poem as a whole. The second step is to make clear the place (West Lake), time (moonlit night), people (poets), events (boating on the West Lake) and main scenery (the sky is full of water, gulls sleep, the wind is clear and the moon is white) mentioned in the poem, and be good at extracting the word combinations in the poem when summing up. The third step is to try to find out the poet's ideological theme according to the characteristics of Zhang Xianzhi. We can understand this poem by grasping the key words or phrases of "Who admires" and "Who is immortal". The ending sentence of a poem is not a description, but a discussion, which is the key to understanding the main idea. The scenery in front is very quiet and beautiful, and there will be a feeling that "people are immortals on board". When answering this kind of appreciation questions, it is usually divided into two points, one is to describe the content according to the poem, and the other is to reveal the main idea. The answer is "describe … express …".
The word "reference answer" describes the moonlit night in the West Lake, where the lake and the sky set each other off, the soft wind blows gently and the birds sleep at night. This is a quiet and beautiful scene, like a fairyland on earth, which expresses the poet's good feelings of loving the scenery of the West Lake and real life.
2, emotional and ideological problem solving guidance
Read Bai Juyi's poem Village Night and analyze how this poem expresses the poet's thoughts and feelings.
Keywords frost grass, gray worm, cutting,
Nancun Beicun is absolutely deserted.
Looking at Noda before going out alone,
Buckwheat blooms like snow in the moonlight.
The first step of problem-solving guidance is to find out the main scenery described in the poem: frost and grass ash, insect cutting, buckwheat in the moonlight and flowers like snow. The second step is to carefully examine the characteristics of these scenery, and think that scenery and language are emotional words, and convey feelings with scenery. It is not difficult to see that the former is cold and desolate, while the latter is bright and beautiful. The third step is to grasp the words that can reflect the character's mentality, such as "few pedestrians" and "going out alone", especially from "going out alone", we can find that the poet has an emotional transformation process. As shown in the first sentence and the last sentence, especially "frost grass ash" and "flowers like snow", the two scenes are completely different.
This poem expresses the poet's emotional change from loneliness to going out alone to relieve boredom and feeling particularly happy when he sees the beautiful scenery.
3, presentation skills, problem solving guidance
Read Wang Bo's Ascending the Mountain in Nine Days in the Middle of Shu, and try to analyze the artistic features of this poem.
On September 9, Wangxiangtai,
He took the farewell cup to other places.
Human feelings are tired of the suffering in the south,
Hongyan, is that from the north?
Note: Why, why.
Problem-solving guidance generally analyzes the artistic characteristics or expressive skills of poetry from these aspects: look at whether the language has characteristics (simple, elegant, tragic, heroic, fresh, simple, euphemistic, vivid, ironic, humorous and so on. Second, look at rhetoric (metaphor, personification, contrast, exaggeration, rhetorical question, rhetorical question, etc.). ) is used. Third, see if there are any special means of expression (such as expressing things, combining static and dynamic, setting off from the side, combining reality with reality, blending scenes, contrasting, associating imagination, describing psychology, depicting details, sketching, etc.). With the outline of these aspects, we can examine them one by one against poetry. Linguistically, the spoken word "Na" appeared, and this poem is simple and friendly in the form of approximate daily spoken language. Rhetorically, three or four sentences are compared, and the last sentence is also rhetorical. In terms of expression, the third sentence is straightforward and the fourth sentence is euphemistic and chic. After such analysis and screening, we can basically grasp the artistic characteristics of this poem, and we will have a direction to answer and naturally have something to say. When you answer, pay attention to what you say first, and then what you say. You must be clear-headed and hierarchical. If the idea is not very clear, it is best to use a point method and say it in turn. It is also necessary to analyze it in combination with poetry, so that it is justified.
This poem uses everyday spoken language, such as "He ran away from home" and "Nacong", which is simple and cordial. In terms of technique, the third sentence "human feelings are tired and bitter in the south" directly expresses the pain in my chest, and I miss my relatives in the south but I can't go back to the north alone, while the fourth sentence uses the rhetorical question of "Hongyan comes from the north", which is in sharp contrast with the previous sentence and seems to be "unreasonable questioning", but it makes the poet's homesickness particularly touching.