"The water surrounds the village and the bamboo fence surrounds the field"
Author: Zhang Shunmin
The water surrounds the field and the bamboo surrounds the fence,
All the elm money has fallen, and the hibiscus flowers are scarce.
No one is lying on the cow's back at sunset,
It brings the jackdaws home in twos and twos.
Appreciation:
"Village House" is one of Zhang Shunmin's masterpieces.
The water surrounds the field and the bamboo fence. The selection of materials is like the transition of a movie lens, from a long shot to a close shot. In the distance from the village are gurgling water and fields surrounding the hillside. The small garden outside the residence is surrounded by green bamboo fences and green water reflects the countryside, giving it an idyllic scenery. Hibiscus flowers are all gone and the hibiscus flowers are sparse. Hibiscus flowers, also known as hibiscus flowers, bloom at the turn of summer and autumn, and the corolla is purple-red or white. The sparse hibiscus flowers indicate that it is already autumn, and every elm tree has long gone with the wind. Therefore, although the greenery in the courtyard is pleasant, it is a pity that its prime has passed. The few hibiscus flowers that remain can inevitably cause the beauty to feel old and twilight, and the meaning of tranquility is implicit.
No one is lying on the cow's back at sunset, bringing the jackdaws home in twos and twos. The sound of cow hooves broke the silence, and the poet shifted the camera to outside the small courtyard. The sun was setting in the west, the twilight was hazy, and the old cow slowly returned. This scene has been sung as early as in the Book of Songs: As the sun sets, the cattle and sheep come down. ("Wang Feng Gentleman's Service") However, the poet did not repeat the poetry of his predecessors, but captured a brand-new artistic image: the old cow returned on its own. On the cow's back was not a cowherd playing a piccolo, but a standing jackdaw. . Jackdaws are easily frightened and good at flying, but they are leisurely and comfortable in this peaceful atmosphere, standing on the back of an ox. The stillness of the jackdaw is attached to the movement of the cow. The movement of the cow contains the quietness of the jackdaw. The size of the jackdaw contrasts with the movement and stillness, creating a novel composition. picture. The poetry of the Song Dynasty strives for newness, which can be seen from this. Is the word "no one lying down" redundant? Why not just say: Jackdaws stand on the back of a cow at sunset? This is the charm of this poem. No one is lying is a pause, causing readers to ask questions: So what is on the back of the cow? As a result, the jackdaws returned in twos and twos, and the image seemed to be integrated with its own emotional color. Huanxi Sand · Mountains surround the flat lake and the waves shake the city
Zhang Yuanqian Huanxi Sand Mountains surround the flat lake and the waves shake the city
The mountains surround the flat lake and the waves shake the city, the reflection of the lake is soaked in the green mountains, and the crystal downstairs is about to be updated three times. .
When the foggy willows are dark, the clouds are over the moon, and where the dew is turned over, the water flows with fireflies, and the flutter spreads until dawn.
Appreciation
The specific time when the author wrote this poem is unknown. The poem says: The crystal downstairs is about to be updated three times. According to the crystal official article in Volume 53 of "Tiaoxi Yuyincong Huaqian Collection" by Hu Zai of the Southern Song Dynasty: Wuxing called the Crystal Palace, which is not recorded in "Illustrations", but "Wu Xing Collection" states in "Quequatrains on September 15th Night" by Yang Hangong, the governor of "Wuxing Collection" : The ground in the south of the Yangtze River is warm and the wind is less severe, and the heat and coolness of September are in full swing. The moon rises above the jade tower above the stream, and the clear light cooperates with the Crystal Palace. Hence poetry. It can be seen that this poem was written by the author when he visited Jiangsu and Zhejiang in his later years.
Bid farewell to the three Wu lands and come back twenty years later. This is Yuan Qian's mood when he describes revisiting the old place in "Two Poems on Dengchuihong Pavilion". The poem describes the dark mountains, pine rivers, rain, and the waves shaking the sky, which are close to the natural scenery described in the poem. Shousu Mountain surrounds Pinghu and shakes the city, truly showing the continuous mountains and turbulent water. Bohan City is based on the level of the August Lake in Tang Meng Haoran's poem "Lin Dongting", which is mixed with Taiqing. The meaning of the sentence is that steaming clouds and dreamy lakes are shaking Yueyang City. But his emotion in poetry was not inspired by the turbulent waves shaking the city, but from the vast water surface, with close-up shots of the beautiful scenery of rippling lakes, green mountains and green waters. The crystal downstairs is about to be updated three times, and the lake and moonlight complement each other on the upper level. The artistic conception is far away, as if the water spirit ripples and shatters the tower as described in Du Mu's poem "Sorrow for the King of Wu City". The third watch of desire here not only points out the lingering feeling of climbing up the building on a moonlit night and looking out, but also expresses the author's interest in immersing himself in the clear and beautiful nature.
The next film continues the scene description. In the two lines of "When the foggy willows are dark and the clouds cross the moon," the writer climbed up the stairs and looked out, seeing a summer night scene bathed in moonlight.
When the floating clouds in the sky cover the moon, the willow trees in the night fog suddenly appear dim and difficult to distinguish, while the dew-filled lotus leaves in the water sway gently with the wind, and the water droplets sparkle, like countless The fireflies are constantly flashing, making people linger and come back.
If we talk about the sparkling fireflies described by the author in the poem "Two Poems on Climbing the Rainbow Pavilion", drinking from the inverted rainbow. Like clouds swallowing the bright moon, flying lightning sweeping the sky, the purpose is to show the grandeur of the approaching storm on the river. So, what the author outlines here is a picture of floating clouds covering the moon in the sky, and the lake and water are clear and peaceful.
The last sentence is "Xiao Xiao spreads until dawn", describing the scene of sitting alone and meditating until dawn. Xiao Xiao means the hair is sparse, as in Lu You's "Miscellaneous Fu": When he wakes up and suddenly sees the sun through the skylight, Xiao Xiao rises and combs his short hair. This poem not only describes the beauty of the lakes and mountains, but also expresses the author's lingering feelings of being immersed in the natural scenery, revealing a leisurely, unrestrained and detached feeling. The scenes in the whole word are closely connected with each other. The poet not only cleverly combines several natural objects such as flying clouds, lake reflections, green mountains, bank willows and dew lotus into a harmonious and unified picture, but also highlights the unique expression of the person in the scene appreciating the natural beauty. Ancient Poems about Living in the Village_Gaoding Living in the Village
Ancient Poems Living in the Village_Gaoding Living in the Village
"Living in the Village"
Author: Gao Ding
< p> The grass grows and the orioles fly in the February sky, and the willows brush the embankments and are drunk by the spring smoke.Children come back early from school and are busy flying kites in the east wind.
About the author:
Gao Ding, a poet in the late Qing Dynasty. The courtesy name is Xiangyi, and also the courtesy name is Zhuowu. He was born in Renhe (now Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province). Gao Ding lived after the Opium War, around the Xianfeng period (1851-1861). He had little deeds, and most of his poems were out of date with that era. Most people mention him only because he wrote a famous poem about kite flying called "Village Village". "Residence" poem. He is the author of "Zhuowu Poetry Draft".
Notes:
1. Village dwelling: the scene seen when living in the countryside.
2. Willow brushing the embankment: The willow branches are very long, hanging down and swinging slightly, as if caressing the embankment. Zui: intoxicated, intoxicated. Spring smoke: mist evaporated from water, vegetation, etc. in spring.
3. Dismissal: school is over.
4. Paper Kite: Generally refers to a kite. It is a kite made of paper and shaped like an eagle. Kite: Eagle.
5. Dongfeng: spring breeze.
Translation:
In the second month of the lunar calendar, the grass in and around the village gradually sprouts and grows, and orioles fly here and there.
The branches of willows gently brush against the embankment, and the water vapor evaporating between the water and vegetation condenses like smoke, which is intoxicating.
The children in the village went home from school early.
They took advantage of the strong spring breeze to fly the kite into the blue sky.
Appreciation:
"Village Residence" depicts a picture of children flying kites on the grassy grass next to the village in spring. It is a picture of natural scenery and moving characters. A picture of rural life that is integrated and full of vitality and spring. In early spring in February, the grass grows and orioles fly, willows blow on the embankments, and children fly kites with great interest. There are scenes, people and things, full of the interest of life, and outline a vibrant picture of spring. The poet's joy and praise for the coming of spring are revealed throughout the words. After reading this poem, the reader seems to enjoy the beautiful spring scenery with the poet and share the joy of the children flying kites.
The first and second sentences describe time and natural scenery, specifically and vividly describing nature in spring, and describing the unique bright and charming scenery of the countryside in spring. In early spring, in February, the grass grows green buds, and the oriole flies in the sky, singing happily. The long branches of the willows beside the embankment are gently brushing the ground, as if they are drunkenly swaying in the spring smoke. This is a typical spring scene. The four words "grass grows and orioles fly" bring to life all the scenery in spring. People seem to feel the atmosphere of revival and prosperity of all things, and the pulse of spring seems to be surging in front of people's eyes. The willows on the embankment are drunk with spring smoke. The willows in the village field have soft and slender branches, gently sweeping the embankment. In spring, the sun shines brightly on the earth, the smoke is misty, and the willows sway from side to side in the breeze. The poet used the word "Zui" to bring to life the beauty of the willow; the softness of the willow; the charm of the willow. This is a typical spring scene picture.
The third and fourth sentences describe character activities, describing the vivid scene of a group of lively children flying kites in the beautiful spring scenery. The children came back from school early and took advantage of the east wind to fly kites. Their laughter and laughter make spring more vibrant. Children, east wind, paper kites, the people and things chosen by the poet add a bit of vitality and hope to the beautiful spring. The last two sentences are written about people instead of objects in the previous two sentences, vividly rendering the charm and intoxication of early spring.
This poem is written clearly and the words are concise. The whole poem is permeated with joyful emotions, infecting readers with beautiful emotions. The village is bitterly cold
Bai Juyi The village is bitterly cold
In December of the eighth year, there was snow on the fifth day.
The bamboos and cypresses are all frozen to death, and the people there have no clothes!
Looking back at the village, 89 out of 10 households are poor.
The north wind is as sharp as a sword, and the cloth cannot cover the body.
Only the fire of wormwood and thorns is burning, and I sit at night waiting for the morning in sorrow.
I know that during the Great Cold Year, farmers are particularly hard-working.
On this day, the thatched cottage door is closed.
The brown fur covers the quilt, and there is residual warmth when sitting or lying down.
I am spared the hardships of hunger and cold, and I have no farmland to work on.
I am deeply ashamed to think of him, and ask myself who he is.
Translation and annotation
In these cold and freezing days, farmers are particularly hardworking. At this time, I lived in a warm house with the door closed so that the cold wind could not blow in. I wore a fur coat when I sat and covered myself with a silk quilt when I slept, so I was warm while sitting and lying down. I neither suffer from hunger nor cold, nor do I work in the fields. Compared with those farmers who are still working hard in the harsh winter, I feel really ashamed. What kind of person am I? In ancient times, it was commendable that an intellectual from the feudal scholar-bureaucrat class sympathized with the sufferings of the peasants and repeatedly criticized himself in several poems.
1. The Great Cold Year: It is the middle of winter, and the weather is cold and the ground is freezing.
2. Brown fur: a leather jacket made of brown fabric.
3. Quilt: Silk quilt.
4. Wulongmuqin: not doing farm work.
Appreciation
From the sixth to eighth year of Yuanhe (811), Emperor Xianzong of the Tang Dynasty, Bai Juyi left officialdom due to the death of his mother, returned home to mourn, and retreated to Xiaguiwei Village (today's Weinan, Shaanxi) county) hometown. During his retirement, he suffered from many illnesses and lived in embarrassment. He received great support from Yuan Zhen and other friends. This poem was written in December of the eighth year of Yuanhe during this period.
In the middle and late Tang Dynasty, there were separatist vassal towns inside and Tibetan invasions outside. The area controlled by the central government of the Tang Dynasty was greatly reduced. But it supports a large number of armies, plus officials, landowners, businessmen, monks, Taoist priests, etc., the people who live without farming even account for more than half of the population. It is easy to imagine the heavy burden and the hardship of farmers' lives. Bai Juyi has deep experience of this. What he wrote in this poem about looking back at the village, nine out of every ten households were poor, is the same as what he wrote about in another poem about how among all the ethnic groups, farmers are the hardest working ("Poetry on Summer Drought"). It should be a record of real life that he witnessed with his own eyes.
This poem is divided into two parts. The first part describes how farmers suffered in the cold winter when the north wind was like a sword and the snow was flying. They lacked clothes and quilts and could not sleep at night. In the latter part, he wrote that in such a cold weather, he kept the door closed, had food, clothing, and a good quilt to cover him. He neither suffered from hunger or cold, nor worked hard in the fields. The poet compared his life with the suffering of farmers, and felt so ashamed and guilty that he asked himself who he was? sigh.
In classical poetry, many contrasting techniques are used, and not too few contrast the poverty and suffering of farmers with the arrogance and luxury of the exploiting class. However, it is rare to compare the poverty of farmers with the poet's own food and clothing in this poem. In particular, this kind of self-questioning from the heart is even more valuable among feudal literati.
In addition to contrast, this poem also has the following characteristics: popular language, smooth narrative, no fuss, pure white description, simple poetic environment, and true feelings. These characteristics all reflect the unique and popular artistic style of Bai Shi.