Comma:
1. If there is a pause between the subject and the predicate in the sentence, use a comma.
If there is a pause between the verb and the object in the sentence, use a comma.
If you need to pause after the adverbial in the sentence, use a comma.
4. Pauses between clauses in complex sentences should be comma, except sometimes semicolon.
Colon:
1. is used after the salutation to indicate that the following contents are mentioned.
2. After the words "say, think, yes, prove, announce, point out and disclose, for example, as follows", the following contents are introduced.
3. Used after the general discussion, it indicates that it causes the following discussion.
4. Used after the words that need to be explained, it means to lead to explanation or explanation.
5. Use it in the words summarized above to summarize the above contents.
2. How to break sentences in ancient Chinese (if you have skills, you'd better show me) The method of breaking sentences in classical Chinese (1) is traditionally called "reading sentences".
Distinguishing between sentences and reading is the most basic ability to read ancient Chinese. The basis of sentence breaking lies in the understanding of the whole article.
Therefore, we should read the sentences several times before breaking them, have a general understanding of the full text, break the ones that can be broken first, gradually narrow the scope, and then concentrate on analyzing the relationship between difficult sentences and context. When breaking sentences, we should also pay attention to genre, language style and the integrity of sentence meaning.
The use of punctuation marks should conform to the norms, which is the same as the use of punctuation marks in modern Chinese. Strengthening reading and enhancing language sense is of great help to sentence breaking.
In addition, sentence breaking can follow the following rules: (1), finding nouns (pronouns) and reading sentences. Like modern Chinese, nouns (pronouns) in classical Chinese are often used as the subject and object of sentences. Therefore, finding out the nouns or pronouns that appear repeatedly in the text can basically break sentences.
(2) Look at the function words and read the sentences. The ancients wrote articles without punctuation marks.
They clearly distinguish between sentences and reading, and function words become an important symbol. Especially before and after modal particles and some conjunctions are often the places where sentences are broken.
Such as: fu, beggar, fan, thief, Qing, respect, honorific adverbs are often used at the beginning of sentences; The modal particles Ye, Yi, Yi, Yan and Zai are often used at the end of sentences. Conjunctions such as "to", "to", "to" and "to" are often used in sentences. According to this feature, finding out function words is helpful for sentence reading.
(3) Find out the truth and read the sentences. Ding is really a common form in classical Chinese.
The sentence is continuous, and the word that is the object in the previous sentence is the subject in the latter sentence. For example, "fear means thinking, and thinking means staring."
According to this feature, we can also determine the reading of sentences. (4) Read the sentences according to the arrangement.
Parallelism, duality and symmetry are the most common rhetorical methods in classical Chinese. Regular sentence patterns, more than four or six sentences, is another major feature of classical Chinese.
This feature provides convenience for sentence breaking. (5) Read sentence by sentence according to the total score.
In classical Chinese, there are often forms of total score and sub-total, and sentences can also be broken accordingly. (6) Dialogue, quotation and sentence reading.
In classical Chinese, "Yue" and "Yun" are commonly used signs in dialogue and quotation. When two people talk, they usually write their names in the first question and answer, and then only use "Yue" and omit the subject. When you meet a dialogue, you should judge the questioner and the respondent according to the context, and distinguish between sentences and reading.
(7) Repeatedly examine and read sentences. Repetition, especially interval repetition, is also a common rhetorical method in classical Chinese.
For example, "Zou Ji" satirizes Qi Wang "Who is Xu Hongmei and me in the north of the city?" It is repeated many times, which also provides powerful help for sentence breaking. Sentence breaks in classical Chinese refer to Tianjin (2) Many candidates are afraid of sentence breaks in classical Chinese.
So, is there a rule to follow in the sentence breaking in classical Chinese? In fact, sometimes there is a way to break sentences in classical Chinese, and there is a key to grasp. In the teaching of sentence-breaking in classical Chinese, the author consulted a lot of materials and summed up a set of practical sentence-breaking methods through continuous exploration.
Please remember the following formula first: don't be afraid of the difficulty of breaking sentences in ancient Chinese, and wait for leisure after careful consideration. Don't ask about the length of the paragraph, it is the key to read it carefully.
Only when you fully understand the main idea of the content can you break sentences. Read the full text before and after, easy before difficult.
Hold fast to "Yue", "Cloud" and "Speech", and dialogue is the easiest to find. The commonly used function words are symbols, which are regular and can be used for reference.
Master idioms, but don't break up fixed structures. The meaning of part of speech should be carefully studied, and the grammatical structure is helpful to judge.
Duality and repetition are parallel, and rhetoric provides good conditions; The same word is closely related, generally separated in the middle. Look back after the topic is finished and check it carefully as required.
Lay a solid foundation for reading textbooks and cultivate a sense of language to read classics; Do a thousand songs, watch a thousand swords, and break sentences often. 1. Don't ask questions about the length of the article. It is the key to read and think carefully.
Only when you fully understand the main idea of the content can you break sentences. When candidates break sentences in classical Chinese, one of the common mistakes is to break sentences while reading. After reading the article, the sentence is broken. Looking back, I feel that there are many inappropriate places.
In fact, this "one-step" method is not feasible. Understanding the content is closely related to sentence breaking. Reading carefully and understanding the general idea is the premise of correctly breaking sentences, because if you don't understand, you can continue to point, and if you don't understand, you can't point well.
It's not normal, if you seem to understand it, it's not normal, if you read it twice, you won't read it. When we get an ancient prose without punctuation, we must first read the whole text and study it repeatedly. As the saying goes, "read a book a hundred times and you will understand its meaning." Read it several times, and you will naturally understand the meaning.
Then, according to the content of the article, break several large sections or levels first, and disconnect the places that are sure. 2. read the full text before and after, the first is easy and the second is difficult.
It is usually easy and difficult to punctuate an article. After we have roughly grasped the meaning of the article, we can first disconnect what can be disconnected and gradually narrow the scope, and then concentrate on analyzing difficult sentences.
This is a method that is easy first and difficult later. For example, according to some obvious signs (such as function words, dialogues, etc. Mentioned below), sentences that are easy to distinguish can be broken first.
In addition, we should have full-text awareness. For places that are not easy to break sentences, we should contact the meaning of the context and carefully scrutinize them to determine where to break sentences. 3. Hold fast to "yue", "cloud" and "speech", dialogue is the easiest to find.
Classical Chinese often uses words such as "Yue", "Yun" and "Yan" when describing the dialogue between characters, which provides convenience for correct sentence breaking. When we encounter words such as "Yue", "Cloud" and "Yan", it is easy for us to judge the speaker and content according to the context.
For example, Shi Ji Shuo in Guangdong Volume. 4. The commonly used function words are symbols, which are regular and can be used for reference.
In classical Chinese, there are many function words, such as "only Hu Zhe". Ouyang Xiu's Drunken Pavilion uses 27 "leaves" throughout, and almost every sentence ends with the word "leaves", which is a beautiful talk. The main function of function words in classical Chinese is to express grammatical relations and mood, which is often an important symbol to distinguish between reading sentences.
In our study, we are familiar with the usage of various commonly used function words, especially their common positions in sentences, which help to break sentences: ① The modal particles at the beginning of a sentence, such as "Qi, Gai, Wei, Mi, Fu, Qi Fu, Ruofu", are often used as prime ministers' exclamations about independence, such as "Qi Fu", "Mo Hu" and "Alas". (2) The modal particle "Ye, Ye, Ye, Zai, Hu, Yan, Er, Jiu" at the end of the sentence can be broken; ③ Some related words commonly used at the beginning of sentences, such as "Gou".
3. Seek new usage of punctuation marks in senior high school Chinese, and correctly use punctuation marks to guide the interpretation of test sites. The test center requires students to be familiar with the types of punctuation marks, master the usage, functions and writing positions of various punctuation marks, and focus on the usage of colons, semicolons, dashes, quotation marks and question marks, as well as the use of labels and periods; Able to punctuate modern and classical Chinese; Right and wrong punctuation marks and missing punctuation marks can be corrected or supplemented, so that the writing is standardized and used correctly.
The ability to use punctuation marks is one of the basic skills of Chinese learning-the test of using punctuation marks in college entrance examination is generally comprehensive and skillful, with a score of 2-5. The knowledge points with the highest examination frequency in recent years are: ① the use of question marks.
② The positional relationship between quotation marks and relevant dot numbers. ③ Use periods, colons, semicolons, commas and pause symbols to indicate the level of the article.
Starting from 1987, there are two forms of proposition in this test center, one is multiple-choice question, and the other is error correction question in comprehensive pragmatic question. I. Types and Usage of Punctuation Symbols There are 16 kinds of punctuation symbols, which are the latest figures of punctuation usage re-published by the State Language Committee and the Press and Publication Administration in 1990.
Including periods, question marks, exclamation marks, commas, pauses, semicolons, stomach numbers, quotation marks, brackets, dashes, ellipsis, bullets, hyphens, indirect numbers, titles and proper names. Punctuation marks are divided into dot and label.
The function of [dot] described below is to break, which mainly indicates the pause of the sentence and the tone of the structural relationship. According to the different positions used, points can be divided into two types: the end point of a sentence and the middle point of a sentence.
1. The period at the end of a sentence includes three types: period, question mark and exclamation point, indicating a big pause after a sentence is finished. (1) period (. )
A period is used at the end of a statement to indicate a pause after the statement ends. For example, people all over the country, especially teenagers, should seriously study and understand the history of the motherland, especially the history since modern times.
Please close the door. We must go back today.
Class is over. No matter the length of the sentence, as long as the structure is complete and the meaning is independent, a period should be used after the sentence.
An analytical sentence with a soothing tone (such as ②), an emphasized declarative sentence (such as ③), and sometimes a period is used when the main sentence of a single sentence expresses the declarative mood (such as ④). 2 question mark (? The question mark is used at the end of the sentence to express the tone of doubt.
Why did you come back so late today? Who is he? Where are you from? When using question marks, we should pay attention to the following points: ① rhetorical questions and rhetorical questions are undoubtedly asked. The former only asks and doesn't answer, and the clear meaning to be expressed is included in the question; The latter asks himself and answers himself in order to attract readers' attention, but both of them are interrogative sentences, so they all use question marks at the end of the sentence.
For example, when the war is fierce, aren't we walking around in the fields looking for weeds? Who created the human world? We working people, multiple-choice questions contain two or more choices, but they are still a complete sentence and express a complete meaning, so only one question mark is used in the sentence, and commas are used between items in the sentence; But sometimes in order to emphasize the independence of each option, you can also add a question mark after each item. For example, did she become a beggar when she went out from her fourth uncle's house, or did she go to Grandma Wei's house first and then become a beggar? Are you going to invigilate tomorrow, or shall I? Stand in front of them and lead them? Or stand behind them and criticize them? Or stand on the opposite side of people and oppose it? (3) Some analytical sentences expressing euphemistic tone can also end with question marks.
Would you please move the stool a little? Can you come here for a second? (4) In some questions, the subject and predicate are inverted, so we should pay attention to putting the question mark at the end of the sentence. What's the matter with you? Although some sentences contain interrogative words (who, what, how, etc. ), they are not really asking questions, but expressing a declarative tone, so a period should be applied.
I don't know who he will meet at the station. I'm fine, but I don't know what people think.
(3) exclamation point (! ) Exclamation marks indicate an emotional pause at the end of a sentence. (1) said pause at the end of the exclamatory sentence.
For example, once rooted, I am not afraid of being trampled, but I still get up again and again, and dandelions with small flowers come out! Sing and welcome the return of Hong Kong! (2) Sentences with strong tone and strong analysis also use exclamation marks. For example: Sister Xianglin, just put it there! (3) The strong rhetorical question is followed by an exclamation point.
For example, there is nothing in the world that does not contain contradictions! ④ Exclamation marks can be used for words with heavy tone, non-subject-predicate sentences and exclamation marks with strong feelings. For example: long-distance love! Airplane! Ouch! You're going the wrong way.
⑤ After address terms, response terms, onomatopoeia words, and at the end of slogans, if you have strong feelings, also use exclamation marks. 2. The points in the sentence include commas, semicolons, pauses and colons, which indicate the pause and structural relationship in the sentence.
(1) A comma (,) indicates a pause in the middle of a sentence. In complex sentences, commas are often used within clauses or between clauses.
For example, the so-called memories can make people happy, but sometimes they can't help but make people lonely. What's the point of letting the spiritual line still hold the lonely time that has passed? But I can't forget it all. I can't forget this part at all, and it became the source of screaming. ② When the subject of a sentence (compound words as the subject) is long, or the subject is short but needs to be emphasized, or there are modal particles behind the subject, a comma should be used after the subject.
For example, this huge blow and unspeakable grief almost knocked Wu Jichang down. He is our head teacher, Miss Liu.
You, really disappointing. (3) The sentence predicate is a subject-predicate phrase, and the subject sometimes pauses, so a comma is used.
For example, Lu Xun opposed this stereotyped foreign writing very early. (4) When the sentence object is long, use a comma in front of it.
I remember that she was a little girl who was not sensible. ⑤ Use commas at the beginning of the sentence and after the adverbial.
For example, in the blink of an eye, four piles of firewood just built are ready! ⑥ Used between inverted sentence components. Come out, you! Around the lotus pond, there are many trees and mushrooms are gloomy.
Our motherland is advancing at a high speed on the road to victory. ⑦ Used between coordinate phrases.
For example, Tongmuling, Huang Yangjie, Zhushachong, Bamian Mountain and Shuangmashi are the five outposts of Jinggangshan. Pencil, eraser, electronic calculator, one each.
4. Punctuation Skills As far as people's punctuation and punctuation experience are concerned, there are mainly the following punctuation and punctuation methods in classical Chinese: 1. Punctuation and punctuation according to part of speech and word order.
The parts of speech and word combination order of ancient and modern classical Chinese are basically the same. In this way, sentences and punctuation can be broken according to the word's part of speech and its grammatical relationship. For example, there are only three verbs in the sentence "He Ruobi, the right general, calls himself the right servant, and the prime ministers make their own promises".
There are three adverbs "Zi, Mei and Zi", the auxiliary word "Zhi" and the preposition "Yi", and the rest are nouns. The context of three adverbs, an auxiliary word and a preposition is self-evident.
There are mainly three verbs, and "predicate" is a special verb, which means "behavior". Therefore, the object of the statement is in front and the relevant content is behind, which is more complicated and should be regarded as a situation. And "Xu" is an automatic word at the end of the sentence.
It can be seen that the part of speech of the whole sentence is clear and the relationship between words is clear. The sentence after punctuation is like this: "He Ruobi, the right general, claims to be the right of a courtier, and every prime minister is a promise made by himself." We break sentences according to the rules of sentence making, which is the most reliable and easy to grasp.
2. Break sentences and punctuation according to special sentence patterns and fixed formats. There are many idiomatic and fixed sentence patterns in classical Chinese, such as prepositional object, attributive postposition, prepositional structure postposition, predicate preposition, judgment sentence pattern, passive sentence pattern and so on. Master these idioms and punctuate them.
For example, "I think today's situation is inconvenient for Suzhou and unfavorable for Suzhou's rich silk and soldiers, but those who don't bully will be worse." After investigation, there are three prepositions "Yu", which constitute three identical prepositional structures, and they are all behind adjectives in the sentence, which is obviously a prepositional structure.
There is also an echoing "Zheye" sentence pattern, which obviously constitutes a judgment sentence. In this way, the punctuation of this sentence should be added like this: "I am now in the world, and the situation is not convenient for Suzhou. The millet and silk are not rich in Suzhou, and the armor is not good for Suzhou. Those who do not bully will be second."
It is much easier to master these special forms of sentence patterns, sentence breaks and punctuation. 3. Break sentences and punctuate according to the words in the dialogue.
In classical Chinese, some dialogues have signs of dialogue, such as "language, cloud, speech, Tao, white, right and predicate". Grasp these dialogue symbols and punctuate the sentences. For example, the following passage "The Qi Weiwang Peace Conference will suffer in the suburbs, and the king will have treasures, but Wang Wei said nothing". Grasping the "Yue" in the article can be decomposed into: "Harmony will suffer in the suburbs.
King Hui said,' Does Qi also have treasures?' Wang Wei said,' Nothing.' "Mastering these discourse markers is of great help to punctuate sentences.
4. Punctuate sentences according to various modal particles. In classical Chinese, there are several modal particles that express different moods.
Such as "Ye, Yi, Er, Hu". "Ya, Ya, Fu, Beggar, Alas" and so on, these moods indicate different moods, either at the beginning or at the end of a sentence.
Grasping these tones and intonations is regular, and it is much easier to break sentences. For example, "Daxiang party member said that Confucius was learned but not famous. As soon as I heard it, I said, "What should I do? "According to the modal particles in the sentence.
This passage can be broken down into "Daxiang party member said:' Great, Confucius! Learned but not famous. "When Wen Zi heard this, he said,' What can I do? Hold on, okay? How about shooting? I'm under control.
5. Punctuation and punctuation according to rhetorical skills. The ancients were very particular about rhetorical skills when writing articles.
Some pay attention to the neatness of sentence patterns and the harmony of rhythm, while others pay attention to the use of figures of speech such as duality, symmetry, parallelism and overlap. When punctuating sentences in classical Chinese, paying full attention to these rhetorical phenomena will bring a lot of convenience to punctuating sentences.
As the following paragraph says, "People who look at teenagers and talk and laugh with unwashed clay pots have little interest in learning, so naturally they become dark, not to mention those who are more knowledgeable and easy to learn." Rhetoric can be used to break sentences and punctuation.
This passage can be decomposed into "it is natural that people are young, determined, irrelevant, smoky, laughing, unwilling to learn, and drifting away, not to mention those who can learn art more clearly and easily." .
5. How to use punctuation marks in classical Chinese How to mark punctuation marks in classical Chinese 1. Literacy is the premise of punctuation in ancient Chinese. For example:
After two dollars, you can get the medicine. Five or six years old, close to China's life is sick. (Biography of Three Kingdoms Hua Tuo, China 1959)
After the reunion of the two dollars, the medicine will be ready. When I was five or six years old, my relatives got sick. (Hua Tuo) If you mix two dollars, you can get medicine for people aged five or six.
2. Familiar with the morphology and syntax of classical Chinese. For example:
The stairs are burning. My son retired from North Korea. Say, "Does it hurt?" Ask the horse. The stairs are burning. My son retired from North Korea. Say, "Does it hurt?" Don't ask the horse. The stairs are burning. My son retired from North Korea. Say, "Does it hurt?" "No." Ask the horse. Stables burn the son to retreat from the DPRK, saying that it hurts people and doesn't ask the horse ("The Analects of Confucius, Difficult Times, Emerging")
3. Master enough knowledge of ancient culture. For example:
Historical records, official books, clouds. Morning glory is a sacrifice. Its north river drum. Hegu is a big star. Around the admiral. About the general. (Hu Zai's "Tiaoxi Fishing in Conghua", Business "Wan You Library")
According to official records, "Petunia is a sacrifice, and its north river drum. The river drum and the big star will be around. " Left and right, general (ditto, People's Literature 1962)
Zhang Shoujie's "Justice": "The river drum is three stars, the morning glory is in the north, and the main drum is small. General Gatianzi III: Central Star, General; Its south left star, left general; Its north right star, right general. Therefore, it is difficult to prepare the beam. "
"Historical Records Tianguanshu" says: "Petunia is a sacrifice, and its north river drum. River drum, big star, general; Left and right, left and right. "
4. Make full use of function words in classical Chinese. For example:
Today, I'm going to talk about words and poems written by servants. Talk to my husband about having to adopt; The song of hitting the iron shaft is elegant; Ordinary people's thoughts are not easily abandoned. (Book by Cao Zhi and Yang Xiushu, Selected Works of Chinese Literature 1977)
Today, the words and fu written by servants and young people are in harmony. Cardiff Street talks about lanes, which must be adopted; The song of hitting the iron shaft is elegant; Ordinary people's thoughts are not easily abandoned.
Today, I went to Fu Shaoxiao's Ci and chatted with Fu Jie, saying that there must be a song to strike while the iron is hot. It is not easy to give up the idea of elegance and refinement.
6. Punctuation marks in classical Chinese in junior high school I. Analysis of test sites Punctuation marks are an indispensable part of written language, which are used to express pause, tone and the nature and function of words.
Punctuation marks include dots and labels. There are seven kinds of dots, nine kinds of labels and sixteen kinds of * * *.
The function of the dot is to break, which mainly indicates the pause of the sentence and the tone of the structural relationship. According to the different positions used, points can be divided into two types: the end point of a sentence and the middle point of a sentence.
Points at the end of the sentence: period, question mark, exclamation point; Points in a sentence: comma, pause, semicolon and colon. Tags mainly indicate the nature and function of words or sentences.
Labels include: quotation marks, brackets, dashes, ellipsis, bullets, spaces, book titles, etc. (a) the use of pause, comma, semicolon 1, pause is the smallest pause in a sentence, often used between juxtaposed words or phrases (pause is not allowed between clauses).
(1) There is a stream flowing quietly, giving its humor, aura and true feelings to the earth and people. (Hangzhou Senior High School Entrance Examination in 2006) (2) Literary works, whether poetry, prose, novel or opera, have their own logical structure and have the function of cultivating thinking ability.
(Senior High School Entrance Examination in 2007) But there is no pause between coordinate predicates and complements, only commas are used. (1) This year, the water conservancy construction in our province has heavy tasks, difficult projects and large scale.
(2) You should make continuous progress, be educated and have production. (3) His story is true and touching.
(4) There is a stream flowing quietly, giving its humor, aura and true feelings to the earth and people. 2. There is no pause between coordinate words with modal particles, only commas are used.
For example, the mountains, water, trees and grass here are all familiar to me since I was a child. 3. The conjunctions "and, or, and, and" in the coordinate words have been used, and there is no need to pause.
For example, China has made great progress in science, culture, health, education and press and publication. (In general, the last two coordinate words use conjunctions instead of pauses. ) 4. Adjacent numbers represent approximate numbers without pause.
He has walked three or four miles. Note: It should be distinguished from the situation that indicates two kinds of juxtaposition.
For example, domestic universities require students to take a foreign language in both the first and second grades. 5. Set words are closely related and do not need to be separated by pauses.
Such as: police, primary and secondary school students, colleges and universities, men, women and children. 6. There is no pause between the quotation marks indicating juxtaposition and the title of the book, which must be used. Only commas can be used.
I have watched many excellent movies recently, such as Hero, Infernal Affairs and Beautiful Life. At this time, the slogan "Learn from Kong Fansen" and "Pay tribute to Kong Fansen" rang out in the classroom.
7. Pay attention to the classification of coordinate words, using pause for small words and comma for big words; Use commas in minor clauses, semicolons in major clauses, and even periods. For example, the explosion of atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs, and the launch and recovery of satellites all marked a new step in China's scientific and technological development.
A beautiful girl, tall, but not too tall. Face should be white, but not too white; It should be white and red, but not too red.
Many libraries in our country only spend120,000 a year. Excluding salary and office expenses, you can imagine how much the book cost. 8. Semicolons are generally used between parallel clauses in complex sentences; But if there are no commas between clauses, you can't use semicolons directly.
Such as: language, the language people use to express their feelings; Words are used by people to remember words and notes. The aesthetic feeling of architecture is hazy, but it can be clear; The aesthetic feeling of architecture is abstract, but it can be concrete.
Genius comes from diligence, and knowledge lies in accumulation. The beauty of the West Lake lies in its exquisiteness and atmosphere. She is like a Jiangnan woman showing her feminine feelings. Just like a warm-blooded man showing his broad mind.
(Semicolons should be commas) (2) Use of question marks 1. Although some sentences have interrogative words, they only act as a part of the whole sentence (usually subject or object), and there is no question mark at the end of the sentence. I have found out when she will leave and which train she will take.
I don't know what's going on. 2. No matter how many options there are in multiple-choice questions, only one question mark can be used at the end of the sentence, and commas can be used between other sentences.
Did you come by plane, bus or boat? Please give me an answer as soon as possible. Tell me whether you will come by car or by plane.
3. If several consecutive questions do not indicate the relationship of choice, but are asked separately, then as many questions as there are, you should use as many question marks. Who should solve this problem? How to solve it? 4. In inverted sentences, the question mark is placed at the end of the sentence.
Such as: "Comrades, what the hell is going on?" The factory director asked. What's the matter with you? [Note] In inverted sentences, the same is true for exclamation points.
Leave it alone, Sister Xianglin! 5, rhetorical question, rhetorical question When personality becomes a temperament, a noble quality of life, can you accept and enjoy it unhappily? Since nature has given us an extremely noble brain, why not climb to the top to meet the hopeless sunrise? (3) The usage of the colon is 1, which is used after general words, indicating that the words before the colon should be explained separately or the words before the colon cause the words behind. There are four gates in the Forbidden City in Beijing: Wumen Gate, Shenwu Gate, Donghuamen Gate and Xihuamen Gate.
2, used after the prompt (such as saying, thinking, proving, announcing, pointing out, deciding, revealing, discovering, reflecting, for example, the following and so on. ), which leads to the specific content. In the investigation, the reporter found that in recent years, the labor concept of primary and secondary school students has become increasingly weak.
When the Academic Committee announced that Comrade Zhang Yi had obtained a doctorate, warm applause rang out in the hall. The colon was removed because the pause was so short that I couldn't reach the end of the sentence. ) Excellent films attending National Day gifts, such as Storm, Song of Youth and Lin Zexu, will also be shown in major cities.
[Note] After these suggestive words, you can also directly lead out the following words with commas. A large number of facts have proved that patriotism education has stimulated students' enthusiasm for learning, so it is necessary to carry out patriotism education regularly.
3, used in front of general sentences, indicating a summary of the above content. For example, in the stock exchange, brokers wear red vests, and managers and service personnel wear yellow vests. This is a common phenomenon.
4. The prompt function of colon should be played to the end of the sentence, which can't be managed in the sentence. If only one of them.
7. Proofreading ancient Chinese punctuation, what are the essentials of punctuation and punctuation in classical Chinese?
Sentence breaking in classical Chinese is traditionally called "reading sentences". Distinguishing between sentences and reading is the most basic ability to read ancient Chinese. The basis of sentence breaking lies in the understanding of the whole article. Therefore, we should read the sentences several times before breaking them, have a general understanding of the full text, break the ones that can be broken first, gradually narrow the scope, and then concentrate on analyzing the relationship between difficult sentences and context. When breaking sentences, we should also pay attention to genre, language style and the integrity of sentence meaning. The use of punctuation marks should conform to the norms, which is the same as the use of punctuation marks in modern Chinese. Strengthening reading and enhancing language sense is of great help to sentence breaking. In addition, sentence breaking can follow the following rules: (1), finding nouns (pronouns) and reading sentences. Like modern Chinese, nouns (pronouns) in classical Chinese are often used as the subject and object of sentences. Therefore, finding out the nouns or pronouns that appear repeatedly in the text can basically break sentences. (2) Look at the function words and read the sentences. The ancients wrote articles without punctuation marks. They clearly distinguish between sentences and reading, and function words become an important symbol. Especially before and after modal particles and some conjunctions are often the places where sentences are broken. Such as: fu, beggar, fan, thief, Qing, respect, honorific adverbs are often used at the beginning of sentences; The modal particles Ye, Yi, Yi, Yan and Zai are often used at the end of sentences. Conjunctions such as "to", "to", "to" and "to" are often used in sentences. According to this feature, finding out function words is helpful for sentence reading. (3) Find out the truth and read the sentences. Ding is really a common form in classical Chinese. The sentence is continuous, and the word that is the object in the previous sentence is the subject in the latter sentence. For example, "fear is thinking, and thinking is illusory." According to this feature, we can also determine the reading of sentences. (4) Read the sentences according to the arrangement. Parallelism, duality and symmetry are the most common rhetorical methods in classical Chinese. Regular sentence patterns, more than four or six sentences, is another major feature of classical Chinese. This feature provides convenience for sentence breaking. (5) Read sentence by sentence according to the total score. In classical Chinese, there are often forms of total score and sub-total, and sentences can also be broken accordingly. (6) Dialogue, quotation and sentence reading. In classical Chinese, "Yue" and "Yun" are often used as signs of dialogue and quotation. When two people talk, they usually write their names in the first question and answer, and then only use "Yue" and omit the subject. When you meet a dialogue, you should judge the questioner and the respondent according to the context, and distinguish between sentences and reading. (7) Repeatedly examine and read sentences. Repetition, especially interval repetition, is also a common rhetorical method in classical Chinese. For example, "Zou Ji" satirizes Qi Wang's "Who am I and Xu Gongmei in the north of the city" for many times, which also provides a powerful help for sentence breaking.