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Teaching objectives
1. Understand the writing background of this poem and the gloomy poetic features of Du Fu's poems.
2. Appreciate the artistic features of blending scenes and majestic weather, understand that "all scenery is sentimental" and feel the poet's deep pain and anxiety.
Teaching focus
1. Experience the emotions contained in the images in poetry.
2. Appreciate the artistic features of poetic blending.
Teaching difficulties accurately, normatively and vividly interpret the author's thoughts and feelings contained in poetry.
Difficult Breakthroughs Grasp the image, and make breakthroughs in various ways, such as knowing people, commenting on the world, judging people, and comparing and exploring.
Teaching hours 1 class hour
Teaching steps and teaching process
First, an exciting introduction (4 minutes)
Students, we know that the ninth day of the ninth lunar month is the traditional Double Ninth Festival in China. In the Book of Changes, "six" is defined as a negative number and "nine" as a positive number. September 9, 29 is important, so it is called Chongyang, also known as "Double Ninth". Because the homonym of "99" is "for a long time", it has a timeless meaning, and ancestor worship and respect for the elderly are often held on this day, so the Double Ninth Festival is also called "Festival for the Elderly". Corresponding to "stepping on spring" on the third day of March, the Double Ninth Festival is also called "stepping on autumn". On this day, in order to live longer, the whole family will climb mountains together to avoid disasters, insert dogwood and drink chrysanthemums, so the Double Ninth Festival is also called "Mountaineering Festival". In primary school, we studied Wang Wei's poem "On the Mountain Festival, Missing Shandong Brothers". In the poem, "We know where my brothers climb and look, but one person is missing everywhere" describes the custom of planting dogwoods on the Double Ninth Festival.
On the Double Ninth Festival in 767 AD, by the Yangtze River in Kuizhou, Sichuan, there was an old man who was in rags and was ill, and was over 500 years old. He came alone and staggered up the hill. In this ruined autumn, facing the river in Wan Li, tired and lonely birds and lifeless dead trees, it seems that this old man, who has been down and out all his life, has reached the late autumn of his life. The old man had mixed feelings and could not help but compose a poem. This is a seven-character poem that we are going to learn today-"Climbing the Heights".
Second, the writing background of Climbing the Heights (2 minutes)
Climbing a mountain has always been regarded as a masterpiece, and Hu Yinglin in Ming Dynasty called it "the first 17 words in ancient and modern times". This poem was written by Du Fu in Kuizhou, Sichuan in 767. At that time, although the Anshi Rebellion had ended for four years, local warlords took the opportunity to compete for territory with each other, causing social unrest and people's livelihood. At the same time, the war between Tang and Tubo continued. In this situation of internal troubles and foreign invasion, the poet Du Fu's depression is caused by many factors, such as the hardships of the times, the hardships of his family, personal illness and unfulfilled ambitions, and the successive deaths of his friends Li Bai, Gao Shi and Yanwu. All kinds of depression are always like thick dark clouds. In order to get rid of depression, the poet climbed high in spite of illness, but the sad Jiangxia autumn scenery added new worries to him.
Third, the overall perception (3 minutes)
1. Play the tape and read it aloud to find out what the main emotion of this poem is. (Poetic eyes: sadness)
2. Listen to the teacher and pay attention to the pronunciation, rhythm and pause of poetry.
3. Read freely, pay attention to text notes and translate words you don't understand.
Fourth, read poetry (30 minutes)
1. [Appreciation]-There is a strong wind in the sky, apes are sobbing, and birds are flying home on the clear lake and white beach.
Question 1: How many landscapes did the first couplet write with meticulous brushwork?
Six kinds: wind, sky, ape, bamboo, sand and bird.
Question 2: What words are used to describe these six landscapes?
Urgent, high, sad, clear, white, fly back. The six kinds of scenery written in fourteen characters have both shape, sound, color and state, which are very concise.
The strong wind makes people feel very cold. Both physically and mentally. But more importantly, it is spiritual.
The sky is very high, which makes people in the world look very small and lonely.
It is very sad to hear the cry of an ape.
A bird may be a lonely and miserable bird that can't find food. Because it is late autumn, there is little food. Maybe it's a bird that can't find its home. It is wandering around, looking for its own nest.
Question 3: Can we imagine it as a happy bird? Or imagine not one, but many?
No, we have to imagine Du Fu's situation at the moment, when Du Fu is wandering alone.
Rapid autumn wind, high sky, wailing apes, lonely and deserted islands, white sand falling from the water, waterfowl hovering low. These are typical scenery with the autumn characteristics of the Three Gorges in Kuizhou. Capturing poetry is not only vivid, but also makes people feel immersive, and the displayed realm is both lofty and desolate.
2. [Appreciation of Couplets]-Leaves fall like the spray of a waterfall, and I watch the long river always roll forward.
Question 1: How many kinds of scenery did you write? What can we think of from the fallen trees and rivers?
Two kinds of scenery: fallen flowers and the Yangtze River. Du Fu thought he was like a tree when he saw the fallen leaves. He is very old. People arrive in the late autumn of life. Du Fu was born in 7 12, died in 770, and lived for 58 years. He was 55 years old when he wrote this poem, which was written three years before his death. "Falling wood rustling" means that life is short and conveys the feeling that time flies.
The message conveyed by the "endless Yangtze River" is endless time, giving people a feeling that the long river of history will never stop. The longer history and time, the shorter life. "The river of no return is a romantic figure through the ages". In the face of endless history, Du Fu felt a little helpless. However, as a realistic poet and a broad-minded intellectual, he is not only helpless, but also unable to understand the shortness of life, and he does not want to violate the laws of nature and pray for immortality. He knows that no matter when people live, they will inevitably die. This is an inevitable law. So he feels open-minded, open-minded and imposing.
Question 2: Can you sum up the meaning of the upper and lower sentences in this respect?
From the perspective of expression, this couplet uses contrast to set off the shortness of life and the infinity of time. The shorter a person's life, the longer history and time appear. The longer history and time, the shorter life. The shorter a person's life, the longer history and time appear. On the contrary, the longer time and history, the shorter life. Life is full of plants and trees, but mountains and rivers last forever. This connection is "boundless" and "endless", which reminds people of the sound of fallen trees and the surging Yangtze River, and conveys the feeling that youth is fleeting and ambition is hard to pay.
This complex and profound emotion is more fully expressed by the modifiers "boundless" and "endless". These two words echo "Wan Li" and "Centennial" in the next couplet. The poet's travel worries and loneliness, like fallen leaves and rivers, are inexhaustible, and love and scenery blend together. The realm of poetry is more magnificent, and it can express profound and complex thoughts.
Conclusion: The emotion in the scenery lays a gloomy, sad and sad emotional tone for the whole poem. If the first two couplets are about scenery, what are the last two couplets? Lyric.
3. [Appreciating the Necklace]-Wan Li is a frequent visitor in autumn. With my hundred years of sorrow, I climbed this height alone.
Question 1: Comment on The Record of He Lin Yu by Luo Dajing, a scholar in the Southern Song Dynasty. This couplet has eight meanings, that is, eight sorrows. How to understand it?
Being a guest in a foreign land is one of the first things. The ship is "Wan Li" and its hometown is slim. This is the second; "Autumn sadness is qi", the season is bleak. Third, "regular" years are always like this, and I don't know its end. Fourth, it is bleak. "One hundred years" is down and out all his life, which is the fifth; Weakness is "sickly" and cannot be cured. This is the sixth; Double ninth festival "on stage", thinking about relatives, this is the seventh; Loneliness and "loneliness" are the eighth.
Luo Dajing's summary of this couplet is indeed extremely accurate. This sentence expresses Du Fu's sadness and sadness to the fullest, which can be described as adding sadness to sadness and adding sadness to sadness.
Wan Li: I wrote that I am far away from my hometown, Qian Shan is separated by thousands of waters, and my homesickness is beyond words. This is the first meaning.
"Sad autumn": These two words describe the poet's sad mood in autumn. Autumn is the season of withered grass and flowers. People often feel sad in autumn. Sad autumn is the traditional literary theme of China literati. In ancient times, there was a word "autumn scholar", which meant that in autumn, men would feel prosperous and desolate, and some heroes would be sad in the end. Connecting with the poet Du Fu's time and wandering experience, we can realize the heaviness of the word "sadness" in Sad Autumn. This is the second meaning.
"Hakka": Hakka in the poem is not "Hakka", but living in a foreign country. People who wander abroad will inevitably miss home, and this homesickness will be more intense in autumn. This is the third meaning.
"Chang": What does it mean to add the word "Chang" before "guest"? It shows that poets often wander around and wander around in their lives. Du Fu began at the age of 48 and died at the age of 58. He has been wandering outside for 1 1 year, and it was the eighth year when he wrote this poem. If it is sad to be a guest in another country, it is even more sad to be a guest often. This is the fourth meaning.
"Hundred years": not a hundred years, nor a lifetime as noted in the book, but "twilight", that is, old age. At that time, the author was 55 years old, and it was very sad to be wandering outside at such a big age. This is the fifth meaning.
"Sick": During years of wandering life, the poet suffered from various diseases. A person who is physically ill is often sentimental, let alone in the bleak autumn. This is the sixth meaning.
"On the stage": When the poet boarded the high platform, he saw that "in the gale of the vast sky, apes were sobbing, birds flew home on the clear lake and white beach, leaves fell like the waves of a waterfall, and I watched the long river always roll forward". This sad scene makes the poet feel infinite in his heart, and it is even heavier when he is associated with the turmoil of the current situation and his own life experience. This is the seventh meaning.
"independence": add a word "independence" before "on stage" to make "on stage" more sad. On the occasion of the traditional Double Ninth Festival, poets can neither visit relatives and friends nor climb mountains alone. In his later years, Du Fu's ambition was unfulfilled, he was plagued by illness, his hometown was difficult to return to, and his bosom friends became less and less (friends Li Bai, Gao Shi and Yanwu died one after another). How can he not be filled with emotion? The feeling of loneliness and helplessness can be expressed incisively and vividly. This is the eighth meaning.
Summary: You see, although there are only fourteen words, you can write eight meanings. No wonder this poem has been praised by the world for thousands of years. What needs our attention is that in these two poems, these eight meanings are not arranged in parallel, but are fused and superimposed. It depicts such a scene: a sickly old man in his 500 s, far from his hometown and wandering for many years. In an autumn with bleak autumn wind and falling leaves, he climbed up the platform by the river alone and could not help sighing in the face of the rolling river and the vast sky. What a sad scene this is! Any one of these meanings is heavy enough, let alone eight meanings. In order to fully express this complex and heavy mood, the poet further revealed his current situation in the next two poems:
4.[ Appreciating the Tail Couplet]-Bad luck has laid a frost on my temples, and heartache and fatigue are a thick layer of dust in my wine.
Question 1: According to the poet's environment at that time, talk about the meaning of the word "difficult" in couplets.
"Hardship" refers to the hardship of the country, and more is the hardship of the individual. Because Du Fu is "a hundred years old" at this time, that is, in his later years, and he is sick all over, it is estimated that he may not live long, so the old man Du Fu at this time should pay more attention to the hardships and hardships of his life. Wandering from place to place, bumpy and difficult-almost accompanied the life of Du Fu's old man. He is worried about himself, the people and the country. In ancient times, many intellectuals often took "if you are rich, you will help the world, and if you are poor, you will be immune to it" as their life criterion, but Du Fu, whether he is poor or developed, has the world in his heart. Worrying about the country and the people is the main theme of Du Fu's poems.
Question 2: How do you understand the words "bitter" and "new stop" in your own words?
Bitter, expressing extreme meaning. This shows Du Fu's concern for the country and people. Du Fu wanted to contribute to the country and put down the war, but he was unable to contribute to the country because of his old age and illness, which was a great pity. This is a feeling of anxiety and anger. The old man's mind is willing but unable, and he is in a hurry, just because he has white hair cream on his temples.
Question 3: At this time, it is the Double Ninth Festival, and it is customary to drink and enjoy chrysanthemums. Wine is the favorite of China people. It seems that only wine can fully express the feelings of joy or sadness. Du Fu loves to drink, so he has to take a sip whether he is happy or sad. This is not the first time that we have written about drinking in Du Fu's poems. In the green spring, I began to go home, singing my songs loudly and drinking my wine. But now Du Fu can't drink. Why?
Because he has a variety of diseases, such as lung disease, he quit drinking because of illness, and because of poverty, he may not be able to drink. Only by drinking can we at least dispel some melancholy emotions. But you can't drink. How can we get rid of this gloom and how can we alleviate it? -only at the end of the poem, in Du Fu's heart.
Summary: The double sufferings of the country and the individual make the "bitterness and hatred" in the author's mind come to life, so he is full of white hair, and a word "complex" has written a lot of white hair, which shows the poet's down-and-out life. In this case, it is necessary to drown one's sorrows by drinking, so as to achieve "get drunk and have a thousand worries", but only by giving up drinking due to illness, there are a thousand worries in my heart, which cannot be solved. Poetry came to an abrupt end. It seems that the poet still has a thousand words to tell the world, but he doesn't say it again. When people are sad and depressed, if they can tell people what they are thinking, they may be able to relieve some depression, but the poet didn't say it. It's not that I don't want to say it, it's not that I won't say it, but that I have too much sadness in my heart. I won't say it anymore. This leaves readers with infinite space for further understanding and feeling. This is the artistic feature of Du Fu's poems: depression refers to the profound ideological content, serious subject matter and profound feelings in his works. Broken file refers to his calm and implicit expression, ups and downs of emotional expression, and repeated low returns.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) Conclusion (6 minutes):
Today, we made a crossing, and together with the great poet Du Fu, we completed a Double Ninth Festival, and our souls seemed to be baptized again. In the late autumn, the poet climbs the mountains and looks at the mountains and rivers, pitching the universe, which can be described as intense and generous. There are sighs about wandering life, injuries to the old, the weak and the sick, and love for nature and persistence in life. This is Du Fu, who has a bumpy life and is full of lofty sentiments. He is determined to serve the country, and no matter how poor he is, he never forgets to help the world. In the winter of life, he still cares about the rise and fall of the motherland. Students, please remember this great old man. Let's recite Climbing the Heights with emotion.