[Original works]:
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The autumn night is cool and the air is clear.
In the footsteps of dragonflies singing, moths flick candles.
A gentleman is far from service, but a beauty is alone.
When leaving geometry, the drill bit suddenly turned into wood.
There is no trace of the house, and the grass in the yard is green.
Moss is surrounded by empty walls and cobwebs.
I feel more things, but also feel sad and sad.
[Appreciation of Works]:
Zhang Xie's Ten Miscellaneous Poems has a wide range of contents. This is the first poem, which is about the nostalgia of women. Through meticulous scenery description and inner feelings, it shows the deep yearning of women.
In autumn night, the cool breeze blows gently, and the fresh and cool air washes away the sultry turbidity left by the residual heat on the ground. Crickets chirped under the steps, making a piercing sound, and moths brushed by bright candlelight, as if to turn their bodies into ashes. The first four sentences render the cold atmosphere of autumn. Although the autumn is crisp, the coolness is coming, which makes people feel a little gloomy. The chirping of crickets shows that there is no sound around, and the fire of moths also implies the lonely feelings of women. These two sentences are written outdoors, indoors, with ears and eyes. On the surface, they seem to be just a general description. However, it is through these trivial descriptions that people can imagine a woman sitting alone in the autumn night, staring at the candlelight and listening to the monotonous chirping of crickets in the court, thus raising endless sadness in her heart.
The reason for her melancholy is explained by the following two sentences: "A gentleman is a servant in a foreign land, and a beauty is an orphan." It turns out that her husband left and didn't come back, so she can only stay alone. A "gentleman" refers to a husband who is away from home, and a "beauty" refers to a woman who claims to be thoughtful. These two sentences point out the main idea of this poem in a straightforward way. The sentence "I left home and suddenly changed my job" adds that my husband has been away from home for a long time, and it is quite scary to change the holiday. The ancients drilled wood for fire. It is said that the wood used to make a fire is different in different seasons. "Spring takes the fire of elm willow, summer takes the fire of jujube apricot, summer takes the fire of mulberry zhe, autumn takes the fire of oak and winter takes the fire of Sophora japonica." (Li Shanyin quoted Zou Zi) Here, the change of wood used for making a fire is used to illustrate the passing of time, the repeated changes of seasons and climate, thus revealing the long-standing lovesickness of women, as well as the lament that youth is wasted and empty rooms are hard to keep. The four sentences in Gentleman can be said to be lyrical, showing women's love for wanderers.
No sign of the house. There is no one in the room, and there is no longer his figure or footsteps. The autumn grass in the yard is lush, which reminds people of the sad past. Green moss covers the empty walls, and the spider's hairspring moves in the surrounding corners with the wind. These four sentences paint a bleak and melancholy picture. On the one hand, it shows that since her husband left home, the courtyard is deserted, the house is dilapidated and dusty. On the other hand, it also sets off the woman's boring mood with the depression and coldness of the scenery. As for the delicate scenery and vivid mentality in these four sentences, Wu Qi said it thoroughly in the Conclusion of Selected Poems of the Six Dynasties: "What mortals think, don't bow their heads, but they are striking, where they have been. There was no trace in the room, which means it was outside the room. I looked up a little and there was no trace in the vestibule, only the grass was green. Then I looked up a little and saw an empty wall. So I don't think I look back and sigh, but I see a spider web. This photo is very embarrassing. " Wu's analysis is very detailed. It can be repeated that the poet used the words "green" and "moss" here, with green as the keynote of the picture. In China's ancient poems, green often means sadness, such as Li Bai's "Cold Mountain Area is beautiful" ("Bodhisattva Man").
The last two sentences of the poem return from scenery to emotion, and "things" are all kinds of scenery written on it. Because of what she saw, the heroine has a lot of nostalgia. "Wen Xin Diao Long Search" said: "Who is safe when searching?" Autumn scenery's sadness and depression of the past have touched a woman's longing for love, making her sad and unable to send her away.
In ancient times, there were many poems that thought about women and cared about people, such as Bo Xi in the Book of Songs before Zhang Xie, and lines and lines in Nineteen Ancient Poems, such as Strange Trees in the Courtyard and When Will the Moon Be Bright? However, the scenery in Zhang Xie's poems is more delicate and harmonious, which reflects the maturity of literati's poetry creation. Previous comments on Zhang Xie's poems, such as "colorful words, sonorous rhyme" and "clever words" (Zhong Rong's poems), all show that he consciously pursues the perfection of poetic artistic expression. In this kind of poems, words such as "clearing the air and shaking the turbidity", "being dull" and "worrying about the knot" can all be seen in the tempering of words and expressions. The four sentences of "squatting under the steps" and "there is no trace in the house" in the poem are written in pairs. Although the antithesis is not very neat, it can be seen that the author intends to pursue the beauty of duality. The whole poem rhymes to the end in tone, which reflects the poet's emphasis on rhyme. The overlapping of scenery description and lyricism shows the originality of the layout. All these indicate that Jin Dynasty poetry, on the basis of inheriting the ancient poems of Han and Wei Dynasties, paid more attention to the perfection of five-character poems and the exploration of artistic expression techniques. This poem by Zhang Xie embodies the development trend of this kind of poetry.
[About the author]:
Zhang Xie (? -307? ) Western Jin writers. Jingyang word. Anping (now Hebei Province) people. He used to be an official, a doctor, and a Huayang order. 30 1 year (the first year of Yongning), Sima Ying, a northern general, was engaged in the post of lieutenant general, and later moved to Zhongshu as assistant minister, transferred to Hejian literature and history, and managed the county to be clean and honest. In the last years of Emperor Jinhui (reigned from 290 to 306), the world was in chaos, and Zhang Xie resigned and lived in seclusion. Yongjiachu (307-3 13) re-signed the assistant minister of Huangmen, so he refused to take illness. Died at home Zhang Xie, his younger brother Zhang Zai and his younger brother Zhang Kang are all famous literati in the Western Jin Dynasty, and they are called "Three Musts". Zhong Rong called them, together with Lu Ji, Lu Yun, Pan Yue and Zuo Si, the representatives of Western Jin literature. Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi contains four volumes of Zhang Xie, which has been lost. There is Zhang Mengyang Jingyang Collection in Zhang Pu's One Hundred and Thirty Collected Works of Han, Wei and Six Dynasties in Ming Dynasty.