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Franz Peter Schubert (F·P· Schubert, 1797- 1828) was born in a citizen's family in Richtiantal, a suburb of Vienna. My father is a well-behaved school teacher. Schubert's childhood was poor, but his family loved music, which brought him into contact with the works of Haydn, Mozart and Austrian multi-ethnic folk music, which promoted Schubert's musical precocity.
Schubert studied piano and violin with his father and two brothers since childhood. 1 1 years old, he became a singer in the choir of Richtiantal church with an excellent childhood and entered a boarding school that provided accommodation. During his five years in school, Schubert was promoted from the second violinist to the chief violinist in the orchestra because of his artistic talent, and conducted and performed many works. On holidays at home, string quartets are often held with my family (two brothers play the violin, Schubert plays the viola and my father plays the cello). All this made him directly experience many classical music works and gain the knowledge of music creation. /kloc-began to write instrumental music at the age of 0/3,/kloc-composed the earliest overture at the age of 0/5, and/kloc-completed the first symphony (in d major) at the age of 0/6. During this period, he also composed many songs, choruses, sonatas, 12 Austrian national dance minuets. These diversified works reveal Schubert's creative style of lyric and singing.
18 13, Schubert, who was eager to become a freelance artist, decided to leave boarding school, but in order to make a living and avoid military service, he had to work as a substitute teacher in his father's school (this position 14 can be exempted from military service). During the period of1813-1817, Schubert insisted on self-study and writing, and was influenced by German romantic literary thoughts, especially romantic poems. He deeply studied the folk music of Germany and Austria and the works of classical composers in Vienna, and created a large number of works. He wrote five symphonies, 15 piano sonata, opera, comic opera, religious music, chamber music and so on. The most rewarding thing is that he composed more than 300 songs, including the famous Margaret by the Spinning Wheel, The Devil, Wild Rose, Trout, Death and Girl, etc. , showing Schubert's extraordinary creative talent and ability.
18 18, Schubert resolutely gave up his teaching post and came to Vienna. His angry father disowned him. Schubert has never had a fixed position (he naturally hates etiquette, refuses to be a court musician, and takes orders from powerful people). Therefore, during the period of 18 18- 1828, he spent his whole life in poverty. But this 10 year is also a period when his creative ideas are more mature and stereotyped, and new works are pouring out of his works like a torrent. Around him, a group of progressive artists have formed. Vogl, the singer of the Palace Opera House, became the first Schubert singer and kept singing and introducing his songs. Schubert's works were slowly published at the age of 25 and gained some fame. However, the remuneration received is pitiful, and talented musicians still live a poor life.
Thanks to the mediation of friends, Schubert and his father got back together at 1822. However, in the last few days of his life, the torture of illness and the mental torture of real life came at him together, which made him fall into deep education pain. In his letter to relatives and friends, he said: "I am not the happy time of youth that we first think of." On the contrary, it is the unfortunate default of pessimistic reality. Fortunately, I am still trying to decorate this reality with my imagination. " Think of me. My bright hope has vanished, and love and friendship can only bring me pain. My quiet time has passed, and my heart is painful. I'll never, ever get it back.
On March 26th, 1828, friends held the first and last concert for Schubert in Vienna, which was a great success. However, due to long-term poverty and mental torture, Schubert could not afford to get sick and died on June165438+1October 19. He was less than 32 when he died. According to his wishes, his relatives and friends buried him next to Beethoven's grave, and Beethoven died a year ago (he attended Beethoven's funeral a year ago). On his tombstone, it is engraved: "Death has buried rich treasures and more beautiful hopes here."
Schubert's representative works in the past 10 years include: unfinished symphony, symphony in C major, trout quintet, vocal suite Die Schone Miao Lei, Wintevveise, swan song, etc.
Schubert's short life left a large number of musical works of various genres. Among them, his songs, symphonies, chamber music and piano sketches are the most representative. The overall characteristics of his creation can be summarized as follows:
Under the cruel and high-handed policy of the reactionary metternich regime, Schubert's theme is personal love and the pain of love, which shows the suffering caused by society. In some of his works, disappointment and hope, darkness and light linger prominently. At the same time, there are also many themes that show the rich spiritual life experience of human beings. In his works, the happiness of ordinary people and the life of nature are intertwined with the romantic images of wandering, loneliness, pain and wandering.
Schubert's works are very popular. He closely combined the material of folk music with the form of classical music. Folk songs and folk dances are the artistic basis of his works.
The influence of songs runs through Schubert's works. He expresses the dominant and poetic image in instrumental music works with song-like tunes. Moreover, the melody of lyric songs created before is often used as the theme of instrumental works. For example, the fourth movement of Trout Quintet is the variation of the theme of the song Trout. The quartet in D minor adopts the theme of the song death and the maiden; Piano Rhapsody takes the theme of "Wanderer" songs.
Schubert's harmony is logical. He made full use of the techniques of large and small harmony and various three-dimensional tone contrast, such as tone sandhi and various presentation methods. At the same time, through the color changes in tonality, range and harmony, it depicts the image of music and the development of personal psychological state, which has a typical romantic music style.
I hope you can be satisfied with my answer!