There are great differences in the literary characteristics of poetic style and ci style. Let's illustrate the differences in the literary characteristics of poetic style and ci style by comparing metrical poems with ci. First of all, the relationship between poetry and music is different. China's classical poetry has an indissoluble bond with music from the beginning, but poetry finally separated from music, and after separating from music, it became mature and prosperous. However, Ci originated from the soil of music, and musicality is the most basic feature of Ci-style literature. Even after Ci-poetry in the Southern Song Dynasty no longer entered into music singing completely, but became a new kind of rhythmic poetry, it still had to be filled in according to the rhythm and tune stipulated in the Ci-poetry, and the brand of music could not be erased.
2. Differences in external forms
Differences in external forms are manifested in sentence patterns, syntax, rhythm and antithesis.
first of all, from the sentence pattern, the metrical verse style is uniform, and the length of ancient poems is arbitrary; The sentence patterns of words are uneven, but the uneven aria of words is also stipulated by the meter; Secondly, the syntax of poetry is also very different, the metrical verse method is relatively fixed, and the rhythm is 23, 223; The syntax of words is flexible and diverse, and one word teases people to go to thousands of miles; Thirdly, the rhyme rules of poetry are different. Metric poems only use flat rhyme, rhyme to the end, rhyme every other sentence, and the first sentence can be suppressed or not; Words are flat and flat, and the rhyme can be changed in the middle, and the rhyme foot is variable, but it is stipulated by the meter; Finally, the antithesis rules of poems are also very different. The second and third couplets of metrical poems must be antithetical, but the antithesis of words is much more flexible and there is no unified requirement. If the foot is right, it can be right or wrong. Eye-catching
3. Differences in theme and content
There are also great differences in theme and content of poems. Poetry focuses on political themes, with the rise and fall of the country, the sufferings of the people's livelihood, ambition and the ups and downs of the official career as the main contents, and mainly expresses the feelings of social groups; A remarkable feature of Ci's theme content is that it mainly describes the love between men and women and the parting of lovesickness, and most of them express the author's personal feelings.
4. Differences in language features
Poetry is a typical language art, while Ci is a typical exquisite language art.. Mr Miao Yue once vividly compared the language features of poetry to the elegant garden pavilion of a scholar-bureaucrat and a famous lady. From this, we can see that because the theme of Ci is mostly related to women, the language of Ci is also feminine, more light, delicate, delicate and fragrant.
5. Differences in styles
The differences in poetic styles are succinctly summarized as poetic charm (Li Dongqi language in Qing Dynasty), and even works with the same theme and content present quite different styles; And the poetry works of the same writer also show a completely different style. This has a lot to do with the differences in theme content and language characteristics of poetry.
Usually, apart from the concept of the times, it also refers to the style. Style is of course related to the times, and can't be divided by time periods; Tang poetry started from Han Meng's poetry school, and in the Song Dynasty, there were also people who inherited Tang sounds, such as Bai Style and Xikun Style in the early Song Dynasty. Generally speaking, the poetic styles of Tang and Song Dynasties are quite different. From Song Dynasty to modern times, the styles of Chinese classical poetry have generally not exceeded the scope of Tang and Song Dynasties.
In The Essays on Poetry and Song Poetry, it is said: "Tang poetry wins by rhyme, so it is elegant and elegant, while its preciousness is ethereal; Song poetry wins with meaning, so it is fine and capable, but expensive and profound. The beauty of Tang poetry lies in its sentimental words, so it is rich; The beauty of Song poetry lies in its strength, so it is thin. " These words are the respective characteristics of Tang and Song Dynasties.
Give an example, such as Li Bai's Dongting Lake (I): "Dongting Lake looks west at the Chu River, and the water is all over the sky, but no clouds can be seen. At sunset, Changsha is far away in autumn, and I don't know where to hang Xiang Jun. " This poem is just about what I saw in the east and west. It is handy and has no effort. It is really ethereal and emotional to read, which is better than rhyme.
Let's look at Huang Tingjian's "Painting Clip for Zheng Fang" (Part I): "Hui Chong's misty rain returns to the wild goose, and you will sit in my Xiaoxiang Dongting. I want to call the boat home, so the old man said it was Dan Qing. " The first three sentences of this poem are about the scenery in the lake and the moving scenery. When the poet wants to buy a boat for a trip, he realizes that it is not a real scene, but a painting. The first three sentences are put on airs for the purpose of flashing the last sentence, which shows that it takes a lot of ingenuity and is deeply broken, that is, winning with meaning.
Tang poems emphasize rhyme, so most of them are mixed with scenes or mixed with feelings. Another example is Li Bai's "Looking at Lushan Waterfall" (the incense burner in Rizhao gives birth to purple smoke). The four sentences are all about scenery, which has no special meaning, but it is free and easy, and readers can understand it; Its beauty lies in love words. This is what Yan Yu said in "Cang Lang Shi Hua", "Don't care about the road, don't say anything."
While writing about Lushan Mountain, Su Shi's Poem Xilin Wall (viewed from the side of the mountain as a peak) is different. The first two sentences are about scenery, but the last two sentences are about discussion. However, because of this discussion, people can fully appreciate the twists and turns of Lushan Mountain. Zhao Yi, a Qing Dynasty man, commented: "Lushan's masterpiece is like a forest. If it is done again, it will never be excellent. Pogong wants to fall into the sky, and he is clever at winning with a partial teacher. "
Indeed, compared with Li Bai's poems, this poem is more profound in meaning, and it is known for its strength. But the richness of love words is not as good as it is. The significance of Su Shi's poem is not only here, but also readers can understand profound philosophy from it. This is also one of the characteristics of Song poetry, that is, it is full of rational interest.
as for the rich sense of interest, there are some in Tang poems, such as answering vice-prefect zhang by Wang Wei, as the years go by, give me but peace and freedom from ten thousand matters. Thinking that no Gao Ce can serve the country, only to retire to the mountain forest. Wide solution of the wind, the wind in the shade, the moon shining in the right to play the lute. You ask me about good and evil fortune?, hark, on the lake there's a fisherman singing!. " Poets are just narrating and writing scenery, and relaxing the wind and mountains and the moon, taking off the belt and playing the piano can all be used to realize the Tao. Finally, it is intriguing to answer with no answer. Reason lies in the scenery, meaning beyond words, which is the characteristic of reasoning in Tang poetry
The characteristic of reasoning in Song poetry can be taken care of Huang Tingjian's "Second Rhyme Answering Bin's Old Man's Illness and Starting from an Independent Amusement Park" (Part I): "Everything is the same machine, and worrying about it is Zen disease. There are new poems in the boring, forgetting the hoof and leaving the rabbit path. Lotus leaves mud, which shows anger and joy. The small stand is close to the fragrance, and the heart is quiet with the evening. " Compared with the last poem, the two poems actually have the same meaning, but Huang's poems are more tortuous in writing and more thorough in reasoning; It's just that when it comes to implication, it's worse.
Tang and Song poems have their own characteristics in reasoning poems, and so do landscape poems. Another example is Cen Can's "Bai Xuege sends the martial judge back" (the north wind rolls a hundred times), although it does its best to describe things, but it comes slowly, changes the rhyme for a pause, and the steps are in step. In the Song Dynasty, Su Shi's Hundred Steps of Flood (Long Hong Dou falls and jumps) imitated the metaphor in Han Yu's Preface to Sending Stones to Chu Shi, which made people overwhelmed. And the rhyme is not changed in the middle, which has a tendency to go straight down. The beauty of poetry and the fluency of writing have both advantages, and the writing skills can be said to be improved compared with Cen's poetry, but it is inevitable that it is urgent and has no grace of Tang poetry.
Song poetry not only changed its old concept in terms of composition, but also in terms of tone. It is more tall and thin, represented by Huang Tingjian's poems, which is quite different from the elegant voice of Tang poetry. In addition, Yan Yu once accused Huang Tingjian and Jiangxi Poetry School of "taking words as poetry, discussing as poetry, and learning as poetry." In fact, this is the difference between Song poetry and Tang poetry, and it is a major feature of Song poetry.
Since the Song people sought innovation and change, everything in the world, laughing and cursing all entered the article, creating a new way. However, in Tang poetry, vanilla beauty and love words between men and women are rarely seen in Song poetry. This is mainly a word that appeared in the late Tang Dynasty and developed in the Song Dynasty, and its genre form is suitable for romance, so most of these emotions of Song people are transferred to words.
There has always been a dispute over which is better or worse in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and the choice of praise and criticism varies from person to person. The strength of Song poetry lies in the improvement of techniques and the expansion of themes compared with Tang poetry. However, the more literary skills are improved, the more natural sounds are lost, and it is inevitable that the axe will be chiseled and the beauty of grace will be lost, which is also helpless. At the same time, if we blindly seek innovation and change, seek depth and risk, and get nothing new, we have to pay attention to the words, which will damage the poetic situation and hurt the meaning because of the words. This is where Song poetry is inferior to Tang poetry.
As far as the development of literature is concerned, originality is more important than formality, which makes it difficult for Song poets to continue with the prosperity of Tang poetry. If you are poor, you will think about change, so you will open up a new territory, set foot in places where the Tang people have not been, and create another style to form a rival with the Tang poetry. After the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, although poetry also changed, it could not cross the barriers between the two schools.
Mr. Qian's talk about art? 6? 1 Poems in Tang and Song Dynasties have the conclusion that "Tang poetry and Song poetry are not only different in dynasties, but also different in physique." There are two kinds of people in the world. There are two kinds of poems. Tang poetry is good at abundant expression and rhyme, while Song poetry is good at reasoning with bones and muscles. Yue Tang, Yue Song, in particular, is the convenience of appellation. It is not said that Tang poetry must come from Tang people, and Song poetry must come from Song people. Therefore, Shaoling, Changli, Xiangshan and Dongye in the Tang Dynasty were the pioneers of the Song Dynasty. Song Zhike Mountain, Baishi, Nine Monks, and Four Spirits are the people of the Song Dynasty. " = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 2. As a lover of poetry and songs, you must have a copy of The Book of Songs. You don't like the elegance and ode in it, but most of them are well written. 3. To look at Fu, only look at Cao Zhi's "Luo Shen Fu"; 4, Yuan Qu, go to see Yuan Haowen's "Touching Fish-Yanqiu Ci"; 5, modern poetry, you can go to see Haizi, Gu Cheng, Shu Ting, Wang Guozhen's poems are also very beautiful.