Brief introduction of poet Guan Hanqing

Guan Hanqing (about 1220 ── 1300) was a zaju writer in Yuan Dynasty. He is a representative of China's ancient opera creation. No. has been lent (one-to-one) and has been lent. Han nationality, born in Jiezhou (now Yuncheng, Shanxi Province), Wuren Village, qi zhou (now Anguo County, Hebei Province) and Dadu (now Beijing), was born in the late Jin Dynasty (about 1220) and died in the early years of Yuan Chengzong Dade (about 1300). Guan Hanqing, together with Ma Zhiyuan, Zheng Guangzu and Bai Pu, is called the "Four Masters of Yuan Opera", ranking first among the "Four Masters of Yuan Opera". Jia called him "the master of the pear garden, the general director of zaju and the head of the troupe" in the hanging words of Ghost Record, which shows his position in the zaju circle of Yuan Dynasty. Guan Hanqing once wrote "A Flower" as a gift to actress Zhu, which shows his indissoluble bond with the actor. He once shamelessly claimed: "I am the leader of the world's husband and the leader of the world's prodigal son." In the last paragraph of "A Flower in Lunan Never Leaves Old", I even proudly and stubbornly said, "I am a copper pea that can't be steamed, boiled, beaten, fried or exploded." According to various documents, Guan Hanqing compiled 67 zaju, including 18. Whether individual works were written by Guan Hanqing is still controversial in academic circles. Among them, Dou E's Grievance, Saving the Wind and Dust, Wang Jiangge, Moon Pavilion, Lu Zhailang, Single Knife Meeting and Adjusting the Wind and Moon are his representative works. The content of Guan Hanqing's zaju is highly realistic and has a strong rebellious spirit. Guan Hanqing lived in an era of political darkness and corruption, social unrest, class contradictions and ethnic contradictions, and the people lived in dire straits.

His plays profoundly reproduce the social reality and are full of rich flavor of the times. There is not only the bloody reality of "gouging people's eyes, bones and skin", but also the tragic experience of child bride Dou E and maid Yan Yan, which reflects a very broad life. It not only mercilessly exposed the darkness of officialdom, but also enthusiastically eulogized the people's resistance struggle. The keynote of Guan Hanqing's plays is composed of generous elegy and optimistic struggle. In Guan Hanqing's works, the most prominent images are some ordinary women, such as prostitutes Zhao, Du Ruiniang, teenage girl Wang Ruilan, widow Tangier and handmaid. , each has its own personality characteristics. Most of them came from humble origins and suffered all kinds of persecution from the feudal ruling class. Guan Hanqing described their tragic experiences, portrayed their integrity, kindness, intelligence and wit, and praised their strong will to resist. Guan Hanqing's brief introduction praised their heroic behavior of fighting against the dark forces until their death. In that particular historical era, they played an inspiring theme. Guan Hanqing was a great dramatist, and later people called him "Qu Sheng". 1958 was designated as a world cultural celebrity by the Council of World Peace Congress, celebrating the 700th anniversary of Guan Hanqing's creation at home and abroad. On the evening of June 28th of the same year, Guan Hanqing introduced that there were at least 100 different drama forms in China, and 1500 professional troupes, and Guan Hanqing's plays were staged at the same time. His plays have been translated into English, French, German and Japanese. And spread to all parts of the world. Foreigners call him "Shakespeare of the East"! After more than 700 years of history, Guan Hanqing's position in the history of Chinese drama and world culture has been recognized by everyone.

His creative heritage has become the essence of national art, the treasure of human culture and the wealth of people all over the world. There is a lack of information about Guan Hanqing's life, which can only be seen from sporadic records. According to Zhong Sicheng, a dramatist at the end of Yuan Dynasty, "Guan Hanqing was mostly from Taiyuan Yin, whose name was Zhai", and "Taiyuan Yin" was called "Taiyuan Household". About Guan Hanqing's native place, there are Dadu (now Beijing) (Ghost Record Complete Book), Jiezhou (now Yuncheng, Shanxi) (Volume 36 of Yuan History Series) and qi zhou (now anguo city, Hebei) (Volume 8 of Zhou Qizhi). The official name of "Yin of the Imperial Palace" was not found in Jinshi or History of Yuan Dynasty, but "Medical Household" was one of the household registrations in Yuan Dynasty and was under the jurisdiction of the Imperial Palace. So Guan Hanqing was probably a doctor in the Yuan Dynasty. In "Worship the Moon Pavilion", he has a description of clinical diagnosis, just like a doctor's mouth, which can be used as a witness. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Zhu Jing wrote in the preface to the collection of brothels: "At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, my emperor was merged, while Du San, Gu, Guan Jizhai and other adherents of the Jin Dynasty all despised the official advancement, but mocked the wind and moon and lingered in the scenery." Du Sanren, that is, Du, is a writer from Jin to Yuan, and the valley is Baipu. Jin died (1234) at the age of 8. It is estimated that Guan Hanqing's age is close to theirs, and he is also a writer from Jin to Yuan. Guan Hanqing has 10 songs, and Dade is the title of Yuan Chengzong (65438). It can be inferred that Guan Hanqing died after the first year of Dade in Yuan Chengzong (1297), and his birth year is estimated to be around 1220.

Zhong Sicheng, the author of Ghost Record, said that Guan Hanqing's predecessor was dead and his fame shocked the world, and that "the rest of his life is too late to predict the end of several seats". The ghost was written on 1330, so it is not far from Guan Hanqing's death on 1300. After the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty (1279), Guan Hanqing had been to Hangzhou, the performance center of the Southern Opera at that time, and wrote a divertimento "Hangzhou Scenery" (including a sentence "The Great Yuan was newly attached to the country, but the Song family was lost"). I have also been to Yangzhou and wrote a song for Zhu. There is a saying that "Yangzhou has ten miles of scenery and there are immortals". Guan Hanqing is a playwright who is familiar with Goulan Ci. According to the analysis of Jin Zhi, he was "naturally charming, knowledgeable, funny and intelligent, and he was the best of his time". Zang Jinshu's Preface to Yuan Qu in the Ming Dynasty said that he "bowed and practiced ostentation and extravagance, and painted his face with black powder. I think my family life, I advocate Excellence and don't leave. " Guan Hanqing was a leading figure in the field of zaju in the early Yuan Dynasty, and the most famous book lover in Yujing Bookstore. According to the records of Ghost Record, Collection of Brothels, Record of Dropping out of Farming in Nancun, etc., he has contacts with zaju writer, Liang Fei, Sanqu writer Wang Heqing, famous actress Zhu, etc., and has a closer relationship with Wang Heqing. Most of his plays exposed the darkness of feudal society and showed the people's rebellious spirit and wisdom. The plot is compact and concentrated, the characters are vivid, the language is simple and natural, and it is expressive.