Pheasants with Arrows
Han Yu
The original head is still and quiet when the fire burns, and the wild pheasants are afraid of the eagles coming out and disappearing.
The general wanted to subdue the enemy by cleverness, but he coiled his horse and bent his bow without firing.
As the terrain becomes narrower, there are more people watching. The pheasants are frightened and their bows are full of energy.
He charged at people and jumped more than a hundred feet, with the red feathers and white arrows tilting.
The general smiled and congratulated the soldiers, and the five colors fell in front of the horse.
Note:
⑴ Fire: Hunting for fire.
⑵Eagle: Falcon. Appearing and disappearing: a novel called "The Desire to Disappear".
⑶Horse: The horse is circling and unable to advance.
⑷ Two sentences of "Topography": To describe the process of hunting, use the meaning of the sentence "Dense people and dense nets, and the terrain is threatening" in Cao Zhi's "Qiqi".
⑸Ling, arrowhead: arrow feathers and arrowheads.
⑹ Five colors: pheasant feathers.
(1) What kind of scene do the first two sentences of the poem describe? What descriptive techniques are mainly used? (4 points)
(2) What image does the poem describe? Please analyze the whole poem. (4 points)
Reference answers:
(1) Scene: The first two sentences describe the solemn scene of the hunting ground before hunting. The hunting fire was burning brightly in the wilderness, and the surroundings were silent except for the wild pheasants that came and went. (2 points)
Main technique: combine movement and stillness, using movement to contrast stillness. "The fire burns quietly" is the static before shooting; the "appearance and disappearance" of the wild pheasant is a dynamic description. The wild pheasant is driven out of the grass by the hunting fire, and when it sees the falcon, it is frightened and hides again. Use movement to contrast stillness and highlight the silence of the wilderness. (2 points, 1 point for a combination of answers)
(2 points for the scene characteristics; 2 points for the description technique, and the answer is also acceptable)
(2) The poem describes a complacent person , the image of a skilled general. "Horse coiled and bow bent", the general's horse was circling and unable to advance. This is a complacent look. "The bow is full of powerful arrows" describes the moment when the general draws the bow and shoots hard, showing the general's extraordinary shooting skills; the wild pheasants "rise up against people" and struggle in the air, and the military officials watch and shout "congratulations", showing the general's superb shooting skills from the side. In short, the image of a proud general emerges vividly on the page. (2 points for image summary, at least two points, self-confidence, wisdom, arrogance, and high skills are also acceptable; 2 points for analysis)
Translation:
The fire in the wilderness is soaring into the sky, and the fire is huge. The wild pheasant was driven out of the bushes by hunting fire. When it saw the falcon, it was frightened and hurriedly hid.
The general wanted to demonstrate his magical skills in public, so he rode his horse in a circle and drew his bow fully, but he did not fire the arrow easily.
The wild pheasant was frightened and flew away. The bow and arrow that were fully charged were also shot out at the same time. The wild pheasant hit the target in response.
The injured pheasant flew high towards the people with the arrow. After a struggle, it finally became exhausted. The blood-stained feathers and the sharp arrowheads tilted down.
The general looked up to the sky and laughed, and hung the wild pheasant with five-color feathers that he had shot in front of his horse. All the military officials accompanying him came to congratulate him.
Appreciation:
This poem was written in Xuzhou?. There is a note under the original title: "This was written by Yu Zuo Zhang Pushe while Xu Cong was hunting." In 799 AD (the fifteenth year of Zhenyuan year of Emperor Dezong of the Tang Dynasty), Han Yu sealed the curtain with Zhang Jian, the envoy of the Wuning Army in Xuzhou. In the autumn of that year, he was appointed as a military official. This poem describes the scene when he followed Zhang Jianfeng to hunt.
The first sentence describes the situation of the hunting ground: the hunting fire is burning in the wilderness, and everything is quiet. The word "quiet" conveys the spirit of the picture and enhances the solemn atmosphere before hunting. From this, we can imagine the mood of the hunters holding their breath and waiting for the prey with concentration. This is the static state before hunting, which is in sharp contrast to the dynamics during and after hunting. The second sentence draws the reader's attention to the pheasant, the object of hunting. The writing is simple and concise, and the connection is natural and tight. The wild pheasant was driven out of the bushes by hunting fire. When it saw the falcon, it was frightened and hid in a hurry. The three words "come out and disappear" are vividly descriptive, vividly reflecting the embarrassment of wild pheasants fleeing in panic, echoing the following "hesitate not to send out". The pavilion version, edited by Li Xie, changed it to "Fuyuwu", which makes it boring. The two sentences are about the scene before the hunt.
The third or fourth sentence turns to hunting and shooting, describing the general's psychological activities and his demeanor and expression while hunting. Naturally, the general went hunting not just to find game, but to show off his magical skills. Therefore, he rode his horse in circles, drew his powerful bow, and was reluctant to fire the arrow easily. Cheng Xuexun, a recent scholar, commented in "Han Shi Zhuo Shuo": "The beauty of writing about shooting in two sentences lies in the fact that it can capture the spirit in the sky before shooting." The so-called "gaining the spirit in the sky" means not to use words that are incomprehensible in reality. . The poet does not write about how brave and daring the general is, nor how he gallops around, howling eagles, barking dogs, and flying white feathers. He omits all the common scenes in the paddock, and only chooses the phrase "coiled horse and bent bow" Specific shots are used to highlight the general's reserved, confident, and smug attitude. The skill here refers not only to the exquisiteness of shooting skills, but more importantly to the ingenuity of people and the ingenuity of generals' operations. This general did not rely exclusively on martial arts to win. He coiled his horse and bent his bow, assessed the situation, and chose the moment that best demonstrated his superb shooting skills. He wanted to be like Li Guang, the flying general of the Han Dynasty, who "can't hit the target if he doesn't hit the target, and the target will fall in response to the string." He wanted to convince everyone in one fell swoop. The image of a general with flesh and blood and distinctive character traits appears in front of the readers. The two sentences are full of energy and profound meaning.
Write "Qiao" in the next two sentences.
Where the wild pheasants hide, the terrain gradually becomes narrower. The wild pheasants are in the dilemma of "densely populated and densely populated, and the terrain is threatening" (Cao Zhi's "Qi Qi"). It is impossible to continue hiding; more and more people are watching the hunting. , everyone watched the general's shooting with great interest. This is the time for the general to show off his skills. At the moment when the wild pheasant was frightened and flew away, the general calmly filled the bow, and with a "swish" sound, the powerful arrow hit the pheasant quickly and accurately. "The pheasant is frightened, its bow is full of arrows, and it is full of arrows." One "fright", one "full", one "vigor" and one "add" are compact, concise, crisp and powerful, and the meaning of the word "qiao" comes from this.
At this point in the poem, it seems that the meaning has been exhausted. However, there is a sudden upheaval in the poem. The injured pheasant with an arrow "charged at people more than a hundred feet high" and rushed towards people more than a hundred feet high. It can be seen that this is a brave pheasant. A profile of the general shows his superb shooting skills. "The red feathers and the white arrowheads are tilted." After struggling hard, the wild pheasant was finally exhausted and fell leisurely with the arrows. The blood-stained feathers and the bright arrowheads also tilted and fell. This is exactly what Fan Rulin said, "Reading the situation is as if it is happening now, which reflects the wonderfulness of the object." Those who have not experienced the situation cannot understand it. When the poem is written here, the title is directly addressed. It is full of twists and turns. When writing short poems using the ancient style of writing long poems, they feel more energetic and full of interest.
The last two sentences tie the whole poem together in a warm atmosphere. First, the word "Looking up and laughing" vividly highlights the general's personal characteristics. The arrogant and proud look of a local commander comes to life on the page. Then he uses "Congratulations from the military officials" to respond to the "people lying down" in front of him, and writes about the onlookers' soldiers. The officials admired the general's excellent shooting skills and celebrated his success. The last sentence continues with "Pheasant with arrows" - a colorful wild pheasant, with its feathers scattered, fell in front of the general's horse. The poem stops abruptly, but the sound lingers and has endless charm.