Lesson 3
Lesson type Teaching reading lesson
Teaching objectives
1. Understand the common knowledge about Yuan dramas.
2． Clarify the plot structure of "The Injustice of Dou E" and clarify the content of the drama.
3. Understand the character traits of the protagonist Dou E and summarize the theme of the drama.
4. Analyze and understand the language characteristics of Yuan dramas.
Key points and difficulties in teaching
1. There is a contradiction between the beginning of the play, Dou E’s severe accusation against the ghosts and gods of heaven and earth, and the ending that touches the heaven and earth.
2. Understanding of songs such as "It's Right" and "Rolling the Hydrangea", as well as the climax of the plot of the whole play.
3 Plot conflicts and characters.
Teaching methods Appreciative reading and discussion method
Teaching media Multimedia
First lesson
1. Teaching introduction: In ancient my country, due to various reasons, the endings of many things made people feel bleak and tragic, but people would put their good wishes on them. For example, Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai, although they could not be together in life, they People let them both turn into butterflies after death, which is considered as lovers finally getting married. Although Liu Lanzhi and Jiao Zhongqing were forced to die, their two graves depend on each other and the two trees are connected. This is also people's best blessing to them! Today we will see another tragic and romantic ancient injustice case - "The Injustice of Dou E".
2. Yuan Zaju and Guan Hanqing:
(1) Yuan Zaju has a relatively strict system:
(1) Title: At the end of the Zaju script, there are couplets that summarize the plot of the whole play. The last sentence of the couplet is the full title of the play. For example, "Dou E's Injustice": "Being appreciative = investigating the law with integrity and integrity, and Dou E's resentment moved the world."
(2) Structure: Yuan dramas generally perform a complete story in one volume with four folds, such as "The Injustice of Dou E". Some of them have five folds, six folds or multiple consecutive plays, such as "The Romance of the West Chamber" 》. The fold is a unit of music organization and a natural paragraph for the development of the storyline. It is not limited by time and place. Each fold mostly includes a large number of scenes, similar to the "act" of a modern drama. Some dramas also have "wedges", which usually serve as explanations before the first twist. It is equivalent to the prologue of a modern drama, used to explain the plot and introduce the characters. Each episode of Zaju is limited to a set of tunes composed of tunes from the same palace tune. During the performance, Zhengmo or Zhengdan performs solo in all four parts of the book. (Other characters are only said to be white), respectively called "Moben" or "Danben". There are also variations. For example, in the fourth book of "The Romance of the West Chamber", Yingying, Zhang Sheng, and Matchmaker take turns singing. "Dou E's Injustice" belongs to the Dan version.
(3) Role: The roles played include Mo, Dan, Jing, Chou, etc. Each Yuan drama has only one protagonist, the male protagonist is called Zhengmo and the heroine is called Zhengdan. In addition, the supporting male roles include Fu Mo (secondary protagonist), Wai Mo (elderly man), Xiao Mo (youngster), etc.; the supporting female roles include Fu Dan, Wai Dan, Xiao Dan, etc. Jing: Commonly known as "big painted face", most of them play characters with unique personalities and looks. Such as Zhang Fei and Li Kui. Ugly: Commonly known as "little painted face", he usually plays a male secondary character. In addition, there are also Bó (old man), Buer (old woman), Gu (official), and Laier (boy).
(4) Gong Diao: Seven tones of music: Gong, Shang, Jiao...Yu, Bian Gong. The tone with Gong as the main theme is called "Gong", and the rest is called "Diao". Together they are called "Gong tone". Different palace tunes have different sounds and emotions. The third chapter of "The Resentment of Dou E" uses the main palace, which is suitable for expressing the thoughts and feelings of "melancholy and majesty".
(5) Sets are also called joint sets, which are several pieces of the same palace tune that are connected together according to certain rules. Each set must have a [tail], also known as [sha], which means that the whole set of tunes is one set. . Yuan Zaju stipulates that in each opera, a set of tunes of the same palace tune is sung, and the palace tune and the sequence of each set of tunes are stipulated by convention. "Dou E's Injustice" uses the main palace, and its couplets are in the form of "correct", "rolling embroidered balls", "if the scholar is a scholar", "Tao Ling", "happy three", "Bao Laoer", "playing with children", "two evil spirits", "one evil spirit" ] [Shawei] ***10 pieces of music.
(6) The lyrics in the qupai script, that is, the libretto, are filled in according to the number of words, syntax, rhythm, and rhyme stipulated in the qupai. In addition to the stipulations of the qupai, additional words or subtitles may also be added appropriately. Add sentences. Each piece of music must have the same rhyme to the end and cannot change the rhyme. The suite of "Dou E's Injustice" rhymes with "Xiantian" rhyme.
(7) Bin Bai Bai is "Bin Bai", which is the speaking part of the characters in the play. "Bin Bai is divided into the following four types: dialogue: dialogue between characters; monologue: self-narration of characters; narration: self-narration of psychological words by other characters behind their backs; white line: interruptions in the lyrics. Bin Bai is an important and organic part of Yuan dramas. It is said that "the beauty of the plot is achieved through the combination of music and white".
(8) Kejieke is a general term for dramatic actions, including stage procedures, martial arts and dance. Tong and Luo are three under the branch."
(2) Author Guan Hanqing
(1) Guan Hanqing, nicknamed Ji Zhaisou, was born in Dadu (now Beijing) in the late Jin Dynasty and early Yuan Dynasty. He was a representative writer of Zaju in the Yuan Dynasty, and was the same as Zheng Guangzu. ("A Chinese Girl Leaving the Soul"), Bai Pu ("Horse on the Wall"), and Ma Zhiyuan ("Autumn in the Han Palace") are collectively known as the "Four Masters of Yuan Opera" and rank first among the "Four Masters of Yuan Opera". Guan Hanqing's main works include "The Injustice of Dou E", "Saving Feng Chen", "Wangjiang Pavilion", "Single Sword Club", etc. Among them, "The Injustice of Dou E" is known as one of the top ten tragedies in the world. Guan Hanqing created more than 60 kinds of dramas in his life. He is the founder of Chinese drama. His number exceeds that of the British dramatist "Father of Drama" Shakespeare, and he is called the Shakespeare of China. In 1838, an English translation of "The Injustice of Dou E" was circulated overseas. In 1958, the World Peace Council listed Guan Hanqing as a world cultural celebrity on the same level as Leonardo da Vinci. Guan Hanqing's dramatic language is known as the leader of the True Color School.
(2) Among Guan Hanqing's sanqu, works such as "Nanlu Yizhihua·Bu Fu Lao" can be said to be a manifesto of extreme self-expression and pursuit of individual freedom: Climb out of the wall and blossom. Flowers, folded branches and willows near the road. The flowers climb with red stamens and are tender, and the willow branches are soft with green strips. The prodigal is romantic. With my hand in breaking willows and climbing flowers, the flowers and willows have been destroyed. I spend half my life breaking willows and climbing flowers, and my whole life I spend my whole life sleeping in flowers and sleeping in willows. (Liangzhou) I am a leader who is a gentleman in the world, and I am the leader of the prodigal sons in the world. May the beauty not change and remain the same: amuse yourself among flowers, forget your worries in wine; divide tea and pout bamboos, play horses and hide pictures; be familiar with the five tones and six rhythms, and the sorrow of leisure comes to my heart! Accompanying her is the Yin Zheng girl, in front of the silver platform, arranging the Yin Zheng, smiling and leaning on the silver screen. Accompanying her is the Jade Heavenly Immortal, holding her jade hands and jade shoulders, climbing the Jade Tower together. Accompanying her is the Golden Hairpin Guest, Singing the Golden Tower, and Holding the Gold. Bottles are filled with golden cups. Do you think I am old and need to take a break? It occupies the first place in the ostentation and fame, and is more exquisite and clear. I am a handsome man from Jinzhen Huayingdu, and I know how to travel around the country! (End) I am a copper pea that cannot be steamed, cooked, pounded, stir-fried or exploded. I am like a copper pea. No matter who teaches you to drill into it, it will keep on hoeing, plucking, untying, and stopping. Slowly layered brocade pullover. What I played was Liang Yuanyue, what I drank was Tokyo wine; what I admired was Luoyang flowers, and what I climbed was Zhangtai willow. I can also play Go, play cuju, play siege, gag, sing and dance, play bombs, swallow, recite poems, and play Shuanglu. You have lost my teeth, crooked my mouth, crippled my legs, and broken my hands. God has given me all these evil diseases, but I still refuse to give up. In addition to the new king of hell calling himself, the gods and ghosts will come to hook him; the three souls will return to the underworld, and the seven souls will die in the underworld. Oh my god, why don’t you go to the fireworks road in the meantime!
3. Check and preview: Name the following common colloquial expressions and lining words in Yuan dramas: "action", "no reason", "huluti", "only if it matches, it will end", "unintentional rectification", "yeh brother" Fourth, clarify Plot structure of the excerpt:
Inspiration: In the excerpt, what did Dou E do? How many scenes can the text be divided into?
Go to the execution ground to complain (Dou E denounces heaven and earth) and sees Cai Po’s will (Dou E bids farewell to her mother-in-law) and makes vows at the execution ground (Dou E makes three vows)
5. Arrangement Homework:
1. Preview: Read the two songs "Duanzhao" and "Rolling Hydrangea";
2. Read through the excerpts and master the words.
The second lesson
1. Review and check: Excerpts of relevant knowledge about Yuan dramas and plot structure
2. Reading and appreciating the first scene
1. Read the opening stage prompt (science introduction) by name. Question: What is written in this science introduction? What role does it play? As soon as the show started, the executioner waved a flag and raised his knife, the executioner shouted sternly, and coupled with the slow and dull sound of gongs and drums, the stage was filled with a gloomy and tense atmosphere. Dou E appeared on the stage in shackles and shackles, complaining and lashing out in anger, adding to the tragic atmosphere. Answer: It describes the scene of escorting death row prisoners. It exaggerates a chilling and terrifying atmosphere.
2. Read the song "Duan Zhao":
(1) Read aloud by name; tell the main idea of ??the song. Question: What does Dou E mainly talk about in this song? Answer: Dou E mainly told how she was punished inexplicably, and her injustice was shocking. Dou E's transition from "bending" to "resentment" naturally led to the next piece of music.
(2) Word play: no reason: these three words are closer to Dou E’s identity. Although they are spoken in the vernacular, they can highlight Dou E’s greatness more than the literati vernacular such as “Mo Xu You”. Injustice, "no reason" for Dou E is innocent, but for the government, actual irony and frame-up can succeed, what dignity does Wang Fa have? Not careful: No matter how cautious Dou E was, she could not be careful about the evil people's hidden arrows, which shows the dangers of the world. Earth-shattering: Dou E knew that she had no place to redress her grievances in the world, and hoped that the world would respond and restore her innocence. The helplessness of the weak reflects the darkness of the world. The "shaking of the earth and the earth" can be said to be the eye of the drama, and will also pave the way for the realization of the three subsequent vows.
(3) Discussion: Some people say that Dou E's "cry of injustice" reflects the fearful psychology of a weak woman. What do you think? Dou E's "Regret" is not a plaintive cry. The very beginning of the sentence launches an attack on the dark forces. It has a shocking stage effect and creates a unique atmosphere - anger is better than sadness, and sadness reveals unyielding kindness. Strong.
"In an instant, the wandering soul first went to Senluo Palace", this is the most real psychological activity of Dou E before being executed. This kind of activity is not only the terrifying psychology of a weak woman, but also contains huge grief and unwillingness to be wronged. A variety of emotions make the audience feel more complicated and sad.
3. Read "Rolling the Hydrangea" teacher's sample reading of this song. Question: What is written in each line of this piece? Try to clarify the emotional changes of Dou E in this song. After the students answered, the teacher made it clear: Dou E previously believed that there are ghosts and gods in the world who uphold justice, but her tragic experience made her doubt the ghosts and gods of heaven and earth, and then she angrily exposed the injustice of society and class antagonisms, and boldly criticized the ghosts and gods of heaven and earth. Completely negative. But what can a weak woman in feudal society do? Dou E's great injustice and resentment could only be transformed into a cry of sorrow. That is: Doubt the traditional concept, question it, expose the darkness, completely negate it, and let out a cry. Key points to understand: "Earth, you don't distinguish between good and bad, what is the earth? Heaven, you wrongly judge the virtuous and foolish, and waste your time on heaven!" Brief analysis: These two sentences are borrowed. Dou E's words fiercely attack and sharply criticize the feudal society. At the same time, it also expresses Dou E's awakening consciousness and spirit of resistance. It has always been regarded as the most ideological line in the play.
3. The second reading session
1. Read "If the Embroidery Talent" by name; ask: Why did Dou E plead to go to the back streets?
Teacher and student activities
Answer: "If you are afraid, you are afraid of being seen by my mother-in-law."