Shaanxi, referred to as Qin, is divided into three parts: southern Shaanxi, northern Shaanxi and Guanzhong. It is one of the birthplaces of ancient Chinese culture. On this piece of yellow land, due to the influence of climate, landform, economy, culture and other aspects, Shaanxi people have formed some unique ways in terms of clothing, food, housing, transportation and entertainment. In particular, the dialects of Shaanxi are unique, broad and profound. From these dialects, we can not only see the development trajectory of ancient Chinese culture, but also appreciate the true emotions of today's people. Shaanxi folk songs and ballads have long been widely circulated among the people. Some are humorous, some encourage people to do good, some criticize current ills, and some express feelings. These folk songs and ballads use Shaanxi dialect as the carrier, and are Shaanxi folk customs and folk songs. A concentrated expression of folk customs. This article mainly talks about folk songs and folk songs in Guanzhong and northern Shaanxi regions.
The Guanzhong area is located in the plains, with rich treasures, splendor and outstanding people. Folk songs and ballads are also colorful and swaying. In terms of content, there are mainly childish children's songs, ballads that reflect the characteristics and characters of the times, ballads that reflect real life and criticize current ills, ballads that reflect the relationship between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law, ballads that reflect marriage and love, and ballads that reflect local scenery and products. etc. In terms of form, some are concise and humorous, some criticize current ills and have spicy language, some are full of gratitude and enthusiastic singing, some are eloquent and soul-stirring, some ask and answer, and some are low-key. Talk loudly. In terms of expression techniques, people, things, animals or plants around us are often used to express profound content about the changes of the times.
(1) Children's songs full of childishness and interest
These children's songs are mainly based on With natural scenery or animals as the main subject, it is humorous, catchy, concise in meaning and easy to spread. For example, with animals as the main subject:
The monkey boy moved a brick
The monkey boy moved a brick and smashed the monkey boy's toe. Monkey baby, don’t cry, monkey baby, I’ll give you a beautiful wife. Marry your daughter-in-law Ada and sleep with him? Sleeping in the cow trough. What to shop for? Lay out a dustpan. What to cover? Cover the sieve. What are you sleeping on? Pillow mallet. The sticks rolled like bones, and the monkey's wife snored in her sleep.
Shiba Niu lights up the lamp
Shiba Niu lights up the lamp and lights up Mr. The gentleman told fortunes and figured out Heiwa. Hei Wa beat the gong and called out her mother-in-law. Her mother-in-law grinds rice and grinds out her daughter. Her daughter scraped the pot and pulled out her brother. Her brother went to the closet and his uncle came out. His uncle crushed the field and crushed out the yellow wolf. The yellow wolf dug up the jujube thorns and dug out his sister-in-law.
"Ada" means: where in Shaanxi dialect. "Shiba Niu" is Shi Ke Lang. The previous song uses the monkey, which is loved by many children, as the main character, and is very naive in the questions and answers. In the second poem, a series of labor movements and the rhetorical method of thimble are used to introduce a large number of characters.
Another example is these two poems, both of which are based on children’s favorite foods:
Luoluo noodles
Luoluo, noodles, Kill the rooster and roll out thin noodles. One bowl for my mother-in-law, one for my father, and two half bowls for the two boys.
Happy New Year
Happy New Year, happy New Year, wear new clothes, wear new hats, eat steamed buns, and smash walnuts.
There are also expansions based on natural scenery:
The moon is shining brightly on a bright night
The moon is shining brightly on a bright night, and the city gate is opened for washing. clothes. After washing them cleanly and beating them until they were hard, they sent my brother to dress neatly and carry a steamed bun basket to visit relatives.
In addition, some children's songs are also entertaining and educational, warning children not to run around, to respect the elderly, to have a sense of shame, etc., which has a traditional educational flavor. The following three songs:
Whoever wags his tail with me
Whoever follows me, wags his tail and kicks him to the bottom of the ditch. There were wolves at the bottom of the ditch, scaring the baby so much that he hid behind the wall.
Shame, shame, dig your face out
Shame, shame, dig your face out, dig it into the canal to plant peas. If someone else’s peas hit a stone, we (ca)’s peas will hit a horse. Dental can.
Mimi Cat, Goes to the High Kiln
Mimi Cat, Goes to the Gao Kiln, Golden Hooves, Silver Claws, Climbing Trees, Catch Birds (qiao qiao), Catch The birds feed the old cat.
(2) Ballads that reflect the characteristics and characters of the times
At the same time, folk songs and ballads also express the people's perception of the changes of the times and praise, admire and remember heroes. In the short ballad, there are not only the working people's praise for the heroes, but also the rejection, satire and sarcasm of the bad guys, which concentratedly reflects the people's support. As the saying goes, although some people have fallen, they will always be in people's hearts. , some people ride on the heads of the people and do tyranny, and they will eventually be cast aside by the people. In addition, folk songs and ballads also describe historical events, which have profound characteristics and connotations of the times. It can be said that small things reflect the big times. For example, the following songs:
Hu Zongnan
Hu Zongnan is so cruel that he will never stop catching Ding and extorting money. If we don't step forward to attack Japan, all the troops will be drawn out in the civil war. The special team, the Qingxiang Regiment, wants to kill all the good guys. If you want to avoid disaster and disaster, defeat Hu Zongnan as soon as possible. (Published in the old liberated areas before liberation)
Liu Zhidan
Liu Zhidan is a resourceful man who can clearly understand the feelings of the people and the enemy. Use clever strategies, set up maze formations, pull out strongholds and seize cities. (Published in the old liberated areas)
Alfalfa flowers mixed with soup
Alfalfa flowers mixed with soup, Japanese soldiers died on the banks of the (Yellow) River. When the wheat turns slightly yellow, Japan will perish. Mai takes the sickle, Japan is finished.
(3) Ballads that reflect real life and criticize current ills
Balads live endlessly in the soil of the people and are widely circulated, mainly because they originate from life and are Vividly reproducing life scenes and satirizing bad people and bad things, it has the function of criticizing current ills and promoting good, and it is also a channel for ordinary people to express their personal feelings.
For example, this song uses strong contrast to vividly describe people's lives and oppression during the Kuomintang rule.
The mason lives in thatched hut
The mason lives in thatched hut; the weaver girl has no clothes; the salt seller's wife drinks weak soup. Those who work on the fields eat rice bran; those who cook only smell the fragrance; those who make mats sleep on bare beds; those who make coffins are on their way to death.
There are also those who satirize the style of rural grassroots cadres:
The team leader uses money to say something, the accountant uses money to hang in the account, the cashier uses money to take it from the drawer, and the commune members use money to pray to Bodhisattvas.
We have a meeting at seven o'clock, arrive at eight o'clock, and start giving reports at nine o'clock. You give the report while I sleep, and the same old talk continues.
The official seal on paper is as big as a bowl, not as big as a word from an acquaintance.
The widely circulated "Song of Four Fears" has multiple versions, but the meaning is basically the same, reflecting the bad style of a small number of rural cadres in the 1960s and 1970s:
Song of Four Fears
p>The party secretary’s wife is the daughter of the Poor People’s Association, and she dare not scold the pony in the trough; there is also the accountant’s second father, and the captain who is too nymphomaniacal.
Another version:
The child of the collective mule colt leader, and the team leader’s wife are bigger than the sky. The accountant's father can't be messed with.
You give advice to the team leader, and we will meet again at the criticism meeting; you give advice to the accountant, and we will look at the abacus beads; you give advice to the team leader, and come do the heavy work every day
(4) Ballads reflecting the relationship between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law
Family relationships are always subject to constant cuts and chaos, and among family relationships, the relationship between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law is especially difficult to deal with. As the saying goes: it is difficult for an upright official to deal with household chores. Therefore, disputes over housework and dissatisfaction with the relationship between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law have also been incorporated into folk songs. Some mothers-in-law complain about their sons and daughter-in-law, and some express their emotions themselves. For example, the mother-in-law complained:
Remove The daughter-in-law has no conscience
The soft jujube tree has hairy roots, eats the mother's milk, and has sex with the mother.
The daughter-in-law has no conscience. I coaxed my mother to the ditch,
kicked her, and she broke the eggs and made them turn yellow.
I will never see my beloved mother again. (biological mother)
He is like a filial son when he meets his wife, and he is like a leopard when he meets his mother. Young wives wear fabrics, old men wear condoms.
(Concept: Shaanxi dialect means rotten, old cotton)
The wife is married and the son is gone. The rice soup is sticky and the grandson is surrounded.
Spent 2,800 to marry a new neighbor. If he doesn't answer when he meets someone, he goes to the ground and leaves his baby alone.
Seeing that my son is also raising children, I can’t help but feel filled with emotion when I think of myself:
I see my children embracing their grandchildren through the window
I see my children embracing their grandchildren through the window , my son hugged his son and kissed him. When his son grew up, he forgot my son's kindness.
With the development of society, family patterns have also begun to change, and families of three and four have become common. The conflicts in large families are becoming more and more prominent, and they are facing disintegration. More and more young people choose to live separately from their parents. For example, the following two songs vividly reflect the scene of separation of large families:
Divide the family
All four members of the family came to divide the family. The eldest brother, who had a long beard, was given a room;
The second brother, who had a short beard, was given a bowl; the third brother, who had no beard, was given a donkey's hoof;
The fourth child liked to chatter. Got a bad score. Everyone doesn’t want a mother, just pull the pigs in the backyard.
The four of them are all wolves, and they have forgotten their mothers when they grow up.
Wataba
My daughter-in-law has been married for more than three days, so she immediately bought Shakuhachi pot.
It sounds like they are kissing each other, but they are actually separated.
Don’t talk when we meet, just go out and leave the baby.
It doesn’t matter when you call me mom, you just keep saying baby.
Grandma is called "Po" in Shaanxi dialect.
(5) Ballads Reflecting Marriage and Love
For thousands of years, love and marriage have always been a theme that people have chanted. However, in the past, due to reasons such as the level of knowledge and the status of women, many marriages were based on the orders of parents or matchmakers, which also produced many bitter consequences. This is reflected in the folk songs. Ballads are mostly written from a female perspective, embodying the pursuit and desire for marital autonomy in the form of complaints and complaints. Of course, there are also sweet confessions of love in these ballads.
These poems describe the tragic fate of the protagonists. Some married in the wrong place, some married to the wrong person, some married too old, and some had a family that was too small:
< p>The matchmaker is really heartlessMy eldest (father) loves to eat pecans, so he sold me to Shanyilao.
The table is too high for rolling dough, and the bench breaks the waist when rolling dough.
The rolling pin is half-cut but has no tooth blade, and the leaky bellows requires me to burn it.
My mother only wanted to sell me. Who knows how hard I suffered?
God knows, earth knows, and I know the rest.
Criticizing the matchmaker with a rolling stick, the matchmaker is really heartless.
Tell me about this matchmaker’s bad tongue!
My eldest (father) and my mother love money
My eldest mother loves money and sold me to the old man.
The old man had a beard and almost sold me. I can slave to death,
It doesn’t make sense for the old man to give me a gold ring, even gold.
I blame my eldest (father) mother
My daughter is thirteen this year, and my eldest mother is anxious to find an old man for me.
I worshiped the earth and the sky, uncovered my face and took a peek,
Oh my god! He has a stubble beard and one eye, as black as a donkey's face.
My mother and I have never seen money in eight lifetimes.
I will blindfold your daughter even if she dies.
Who do you dare to marry without giving you a letter of divorce?
The daughter-in-law complained: "A seventeen-year-old girl married a seven-year-old boy.
He only knows how to play all day long.
I don't know if the door is closed or not.
I don’t know how to take off my coat when I sleep.”
My mother-in-law scolded me: “You are too young to marry my son,”
You are too young to marry your older (father). Old,
If you marry your brother, you have a sister-in-law.
Peonies don’t bear sunflowers. Who would you dare to marry if I don’t give you a divorce letter?”
But at the same time? , there are also those who are still waiting in the boudoir and full of hope for marriage, and there are also those whose husbands are away from home and waiting hard at home:
Please find a good home
The magpie on the tree cries. He was chattering and his left eye was twitching.
Yellow dog, yellow dog, you lie down, matchmaker, matchmaker, sit down.
Tell me to make tea for you, and eat and drink enough before we talk.
Your uncle, listen: our baby hasn’t grown beyond 17 or 18 years old.
You can’t make a home if you can’t see the keys.
Please find a good home.
Waiting for my son-in-law
With the soles of my socks in hand, I sat in front of the door and waited for my son-in-law.
Those who come from the east and those who go to the west are all carrying hoe to the fields.
Just don’t see what’s close to your heart.
There are also those who warn young couples to be diligent and frugal in their lives, and to increase revenue and reduce expenditure:
Men are like rakes, and women are like squirrels. I am not afraid that the rake will have no teeth, but I am afraid that the box will have no bottom.
Of course, marriage cannot be separated from the larger background of the times. Marriage is also like a mirror, reflecting the value orientation of an era:
Love Song (50-60)
Watch, car, leather shoes, and a military sign on the door; one job, two jobs, three teachers, life and death are not like those of the peasants.
Find a farmer who is too poor, find a soldier who is afraid of war, find a cadre who is afraid of being decentralized, find a worker who is just the opposite.
"Opposite" in Shaanxi dialect means exactly what you want.
(5) Folk songs reflecting local scenery and products
The unique scenery and products of the place are the pride and pride of the local people, especially Shaanxi, which has been the imperial capital since ancient times. There is simply too much to say Now, the common people have compiled ballads about the most fascinating places of interest and historical sites:
Ballads of Eight Scenic Spots in Guanzhong
The Morning Bell of the Wild Goose Pagoda is in the south of the city, and the ancient ferry to Xianyang is thousands of years old;
The wind and snow in Baliu are blowing on the face, and the fairy palms of Huayue appear in wonder.
The Qujiang River flows continuously for drinking water, and the smoke in the thatched cottage is closely connected.
Lishan Mountain is illuminated red in the evening, and the snow is white in June.
As the saying goes, "There are different customs in a hundred miles, and different customs in ten miles." Shaanxi's customs are also very unique. After compilation, they are called:
Shaanxi's top ten weirdos
Noodles are like trouser belts, pot helmets are like pot lids, hot peppers are a dish, steamed buns are sold in big bowls, it is difficult to separate bowls and basins, papa is worn on the head, half of the house is covered, girls are not exposed to the outside world, do not sit or squat, sing operas and shout stand up.
There are many dolls in the house next door to the east and the house in the west. Don’t look at the children while they are playing. The fire is half-heated. I only see the baby dripping from the nose but not the baby’s eye sockets. He said loudly , wash the baby quickly, his mother said, don’t worry, you can peel off the Ningke shell when it dries.
Don’t look at the poke-----not paying attention
Thin Si-------Thin Shit
Zuo Huo------- Kitchen stove
Understood------playing without rules and not paying attention to hygiene when playing
Eye sockets----eyes
p>Ning Ke Ke-----Hard Shell Shell
To coax the baby to sleep
Aw, ow, aw baby, white steamed bun with leeks.
About the mother-in-law and daughter-in-law
As soon as the trumpet blows, the baby is handed over to the mother-in-law.
Your eldest uncle, your second uncle, are all your uncles; the high table and the low bench are all made of wood; gold and silver are not enough; the sky is above and the earth is below, you are nothing. ox!
The car made a beeping sound as it entered the village.
A carload of township chiefs came.
The younger one can drink two or three kilograms, and the old one can drink seven or eight liang.
One is not enough,
Two is not enough,
Three is not three,
Four is not four,
Insulting (5) women,
The gangsters (6) win,
Bullying (7) the masses,
Ba (8) knots Cadres,
Wine (Nine) and Meat Continuously
Real (Ten) Hateful
New Year Lanterns
Lantern Festival, Lantern Festival , the lanterns were put out and I went home to sleep. Grandma didn’t call me grandpa, but grandpa held a meeting in the hut.