Since 2000, the Shanghai language "Spring? Up to now, the number of "poems and songs" has reached 13: five poems of Tang Dynasty, three poems of Song Dynasty, three poems of Song Dynasty, one poem of Yuan Dynasty and one poem of Ming Dynasty.
According to the comprehensive scores of candidates (subject to the autumn exam), see the table below:
As can be clearly seen from the above table, in the actual situation in modern students, the quality of this kind of classical literature, "Poetry and Ode", is very poor, and the reason is nothing more than "emphasizing reason over literature, seeking quick success and instant benefit, and ignoring human nature". It should be said that "poetry and songs" is a major feature of Chinese, and it is completely correct and necessary as a compulsory item in the college entrance examination. Therefore, teachers and students at school must "base themselves on the times, pay attention to reform, improve quality and constantly sublimate" in their daily knowledge learning!
Then, how to improve the appreciation and evaluation ability of Poetry Music through self-study in the review stage? Here, the author briefly talks about the "eight methods of comparative reading and appreciation of ancient and modern poems" that he tried in actual teaching, for the reference of teachers and students only-
The first is the artistic appreciation of "the same person and the same topic".
Here, two sonnets entitled "Chrysanthemum" written by Huang Chao, the leader of the peasant uprising in the late Tang Dynasty, are compared: the former sends out the peasant concept of "equality and human rights" to the society by poetic language and symbolic means; The latter is to express and realize the "grand goal of regime change" through bold verbs and puns!
Second, the artistic appreciation of "the same person but different topics"
Here, I choose two masterpieces of Shi Fo Wang Wei in Tang Dynasty, Brothers Silu on a Mountain Holiday and Autumn Night on a Mountain Residence, to tell them: The former uses reverse assumptions to turn them into layers of homesickness and homesickness, and sends the loneliness and worries of "strangers" to the distance; The latter skillfully uses "painting into the poetic realm, setting off the negative side" and "natural beauty contains personality beauty"
Third, the artistic appreciation of "different people in the same dynasty have the same topic".
Here, we choose seven poems from Wang Changling in the prosperous Tang Dynasty and Ma Dai in the late Tang Dynasty to compare: the former is poetic, and expresses the ambition of the border guards to "protect the border and protect the people" with the help of the intersection of time and space; But the latter is a realistic group sculpture, depicting "attacking the king in winter and fighting hand-to-hand", showing the heroism and swallowing mountains and rivers of officers and men!
The fourth is the artistic appreciation of "different people with different topics in the same dynasty"
This paper makes a comparative analysis between Wang Lun written by Li Bai, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, and Xixi Chuzhou written by Wei. The former shows the poet's deep friendship for peace and people's feelings with two characteristics: "only hearing his voice, but not seeing his person" and "turning intangible into tangible"; The latter expresses their inner leisure feelings through three ways: "dynamic and static contrast, melody correspondence and alternation of reality and reality" ...
Fifth, the artistic appreciation of "different dynasties, different characters and different themes".
Here, we choose He's Singing Willow in Tang Dynasty and Lu You's Guan Shanyue in Song Dynasty for comparison: the former uses appropriate metaphors reasonably to outline a beautiful early spring scene of "everything is revived and full of vitality"; The latter grasps the typical details and reveals the strong and deep comparative feelings of the ruling group and the poet about the country and the people.
Sixth, the artistic appreciation of "the same person, different dynasties and different themes".
Let's compare Guo Moruo's two modern poems, Market in the Sky (Old China) and Grass in the Suburb (New China): The former sets off the ugly reality in the sky of "truth, goodness and beauty" with romantic imagination and organic association, and the whole poem is full of longing for a new life; The latter is a combination of parallelism and separation, with a strong second person tone, which shows the great perseverance and peace-loving mind of China people in the new era!
Seven, the artistic appreciation of "the same topic but different dynasties".
Here, I choose Li Qingzhao's "Point crimson lips?" Kicking on the Swing (Northern Song Dynasty) "Point crimson lips? A comparison is made in "Lonely Boudoir Poetry (Southern Song Dynasty)": the former cut out a special mirror in an instant, briefly described the shape, and described the "psychological activities of surprise, fear, shyness, curiosity and love" in girlhood with twists and turns; The latter, on the other hand, closely follows a "sad" eye, and uses "sad scenes of hurting spring" and "sad feelings of parting" to vividly touch the boredom and hardships of boudoir women and countless sorrows of an inch of intestines. ...
Eight, the artistic appreciation of "different countries have the same topic".
Here, we choose the poems "Red Cliff" written by Du Mu in Tang Dynasty and Zhao Yi in Qing Dynasty to discuss: The former breaks the traditional old view, puts pen to paper on the opposite side, and boldly assumes that "the east wind is not there", then "Zhou Lang loses and Er Qiao suffers", and the poet uses history to express the injustice in his chest; While the latter borrows allusions, skillfully confronts, compares time and space, compares the past and the present, and expresses his extraordinary mood of "abandoning his official position and returning to his hometown, indifferent to fame and fortune" with calm and distant pen and ink.
Shanghai College Entrance Examination used comparative reading appreciation as early as 2000. For example, the autumn exam in 2000 was written by Wang Jia in the Tang Dynasty and Zhao Shixiu in the Song Dynasty (that is, "different people in different dynasties have different questions"); The spring examination in 2003 was Du Mu's "Crossing the Qing Palace in China" in the Tang Dynasty and Du Chang's "Titling the Qing Palace in China" in the Song Dynasty (that is, "different people have the same topic in different dynasties"); The spring exam in 2004 was Wang Wei's Red Bean and Du Fu's On Meeting Li Guinian in the Lower Tang Dynasty (that is, "Different people in the same dynasty have different questions"). Therefore, learning ancient and modern poetry and using the above eight methods will be of great benefit and progress. In the time that can still be used, the candidates in Jixi practice and train more, effectively improving their ability to appreciate and evaluate ancient and modern poems!