During the Yongming period of the Southern Qi Dynasty, the theory of "temperament" prevailed, and poetry creation paid attention to tone harmony. In this way, the new poetic style of "Yongming Style" gradually took shape. This new poetic style is the beginning of metrical poetry. The famous poet in this period was Xie Tiao (about 464-499). Xie Tiao is famous for his landscape poems, and his poetic style is fresh and beautiful. His new style poems have a certain influence on the formation of regular poems and quatrains in Tang Dynasty.
take shape
Poetry developed into the Tang Dynasty and ushered in a highly mature golden age. Nearly 300 years ago, the Tang Dynasty left nearly 50,000 poems, and there were about 50 or 60 famous poets with unique styles.
Four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty were the main poets in the pioneering period of Tang poetry. These four people are (649-676), Yang Jiong (650-693), Lu (637-689) and Luo (646-684). Although their poems inherited the atmosphere of the Qi and Liang Dynasties, the theme of their poems was expanded in their hands, and the form of five-character and eight-sentence rhythmic poems was also initially shaped by them.
After the "Four Great Scholars", Chen Ziang (66 1-702) clearly put forward his opposition to the poetic style of Qi and Liang, and advocated "the style of Han and Wei". There are 38 poems chanting for the bosom, which are his representative works with distinctive innovative spirit.
mature
The prosperous Tang Dynasty is the peak of poetry prosperity. During this period, besides Li Bai and Du Fu, there were many accomplished poets. It can be roughly divided into two categories: one is an idyllic poet represented by Meng Haoran and Wang Wei; The other is frontier poets, among whom Gao Shi and Cen Can have the highest achievements, and Wang Changling, Li Qi and Wang Zhihuan are also outstanding frontier poets.
Bai Juyi was the most outstanding realistic poet in the middle Tang Dynasty. He inherited and developed the realistic tradition of The Book of Songs and Han Yuefu, and set off the climax of realistic poetry in literary theory and creation, that is, the New Yuefu Movement. Yuan Zhen, Zhang Ji and Wang Jian are all important poets in this movement.
In addition to the New Yuefu Movement, another school of poets appeared in this period, namely, Han Yu, Meng Jiao, Li He and others. Their poetic art is different from Bai Juyi's and unique.
Liu Yuxi (772-842) is a poet who is keen on creating folk songs. Many of his poems about Zhi Zhu describe the facts and are very popular with people. Besides, his poems and quatrains are also famous. Like his prose, Liu Zongyuan's poems (773-8 19) express personal grief and depression. His landscape poems are euphemistic and concise, showing his noble personality everywhere, such as Jiang Xue, which has always been told by people. Li He (790-8 16) did not follow the path of his predecessors in image, artistic conception and metaphor, and was unique in the poetic style of the middle Tang Dynasty, opening up a new romantic world with strange rise, beauty and sadness. Su Xiaoxiao's Tomb and Dream in the Sky are both works that fully embody his unique style.
Poetry in the late Tang Dynasty has a strong sentimental atmosphere, with Du Mu and Li Shangyin as the representative poets. Du Mu (803-852) is famous for his seven-character quatrains. His representative works include Jiangnan Chun, Mountain Walking, Bo Qinhuai and Guo Huaqing Palace.
Poetry did not develop as brilliantly as in the Tang Dynasty, but it has its own unique style, that is, reducing lyrical elements, increasing narrative and discussion elements, emphasizing description, and widely using prose syntax, which alienated poetry from music.
The poems by Su Shi and Huang Tingjian (1045- 1 105) best reflect the characteristics of the Song Dynasty. Huang Tingjian's poetic style was peculiar and abrupt, which influenced Su Shi at that time. Together with Chen Shidao, he founded the most influential "Jiangxi Poetry School" in Song Dynasty. Mei (1002- 1060) and (1008- 1048) in the early Song Dynasty were also called "Sumei", which laid the foundation of Song poetry. The poems by Ouyang Xiu and Wang Anshi (102 1- 1086) have played a great role in sweeping away the Kunxi wind. During the Southern Song Dynasty, the national disaster was deep, and poetry was often full of melancholy and anger. Lu You is a representative figure of this era. At the same time, Fan Chengda (1126-193) and Yang Wanli (1 1206), who are famous for their pastoral poems, are conscious. Wen Tianxiang (1236- 1282) was the last great poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, and his masterpiece Guo Yang held high the national spirit of preferring death to surrender.