The ancients learned nothing, and the young were not old.
What you get on paper is so shallow that you never know what you have to do.
Time: (Southern Song Dynasty)
Author: (Lu You)
Genre: (seven-character quatrains) Indications: teaching;
(Yu): Lu You's youngest son;
Legacy: reservation
Shallow: shallow, shallow;
Paper: books
Know nothing: make it clear completely;
Practice: Practice in person. This poem means that the ancients spared no effort in learning. Fight for it all your life, often when you are young, you will succeed when you are old. The knowledge gained from books is superficial after all, and it is impossible to understand the true meaning of knowledge. To truly understand the profound truth in books, you must practice it yourself.
In the first two sentences of the poem, the author said that the ancients always tried their best to study. Only by redoubling your efforts as a teenager can you achieve something in the future. He started with learning from the ancients, Kan Kan said, which made people feel cordial and fresh, like a spring breeze. Among them, the word "not working hard" describes the diligence and indefatigability of the ancients in learning, which is vivid. The second sentence expounds the principle of perseverance in learning, and also emphasizes the importance of "youthful". He earnestly warned his son to seize the good opportunity, work hard while he was young, and don't let his youth go to waste. This is serious and affectionate. In the last two sentences of the poem, the author talks about the superficial knowledge gained from books, and only through personal practice can it become his own thing. Starting from the relationship between book knowledge and social practice, he emphasized the importance of practice and highlighted his extraordinary opinions. "Practice" has two meanings: one is to practice in the process of learning, and strive to achieve "mouth-to-mouth, hand-to-hand", which is a kind of "practice" of scholars; The other is practical knowledge, which is used for one's own use. The author's intention is very obvious, aiming at encouraging his son not to be unilaterally satisfied with book knowledge, but to consolidate and further sublimate in practice. His unique insights are not only valuable experience for people who studied knowledge in ancient times, but also have strong enlightenment and reference significance even in the modern times when technology is changing with each passing day. At the same time, in this poem, on the one hand, the poet emphasizes the need to study persistently and work hard as early as possible, so as to avoid "the young people don't work hard and the old people are sad", and they will achieve nothing in the future and regret it. On the other hand, it is emphasized that the study effort should be "where", which is also the secret of learning, that is, don't be satisfied with literal understanding, but practice in practice and deepen understanding in practice. Only in this way can we turn the knowledge in books into our practical skills.
On the relationship between books and practice, the poet emphasizes the importance of practice, which accords with the viewpoint of materialist epistemology. This view of the author is not only a valuable experience for people to learn and seek knowledge in feudal society, but also enlightening for people today.
Yu Zi is the son of Lu You. On a cold winter night, Lu You indulged in his study and liked reading poetry books. Outside the window, the north wind roared with cold air, but the poet forgot all about it. In the silent night, he couldn't restrain his surging emotions. He resolutely wrote eight poems, Reading on a Winter Night for Your Children, and gave them to his son affectionately. This is the third poem handed down through the ages. Lu You (1125-1210), a famous patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, was born in Yinshan, Yuezhou in the Song Dynasty. His father, Lu Zai, was not only a literary creation handed down from ancient times, but also a famous bibliophile at that time. In the second year of Lu You's birth, the Northern Song Dynasty was destroyed by the Jin people. After a period of exile with his father, Lu You returned to his hometown in Yin Shan. Lu Zai is not only a scholar, but also an intellectual with patriotic thoughts. He often contacts with people with lofty ideals and talks about the situation in his country. Under the influence of his father, young Lu You has planted the seeds of literature and patriotism. He studied hard all his life and wrote many beautiful poems to educate his children. These poems are not only full of ardent expectations for children, but also reflect the poet's profound educational thoughts. Among them, the poem "Reading on a Winter Night", which is relished by the world, says: "The ancients learned to be excellent and became officials, and they were young and mature. I feel that on paper, I never know if this should be done. "
When he was twenty-nine, he took the Jinshi exam. Because he ranked before Sun () and because he was happy, he was repeatedly excluded and used until his death. At the age of 20, Lu You made the ambition of "getting on the horse and attacking the crazy Hu, dismounting and writing the army". At the age of 30, he took the examination of does, ranking first. Because of the "theory of recovery happiness", he was hit by the capitulator Qin Gui and was removed from the list. However, he is not depressed. After returning to his hometown, he still studied the art of war and studied hard to prepare for resisting Jin Weiguo. 1 162, Zhao Shen of Song Xiaozong used the hawk Zhang Jun to prepare for the Northern Expedition. Xiao Zong summoned Lu You, who took this opportunity to put forward many political and military ideas and gave Zhao Shen strong support. However, when the Northern Expedition failed, Song made peace with Jin once again, Xiao Zong's will was shaken, the main peace faction in the DPRK rose again, Zhang Jun was dismissed from office, and Lu You was also dismissed from his post and returned to his hometown. 1 170, Lu You went to Kuizhou (now fengjie county, Sichuan) as a general judge. Later, he went to the shogunate of Fu Xuan's ambassador to Sichuan, Wang Yan, to deal with military affairs, and actively put forward the operational strategy of restoring the Central Plains to Wang Yan. However, due to the obstruction and destruction of the Korean capitulationists, Wang Yan was recalled to the court and the shogunate was removed. Not only did Lu You's fighting idea not come true, but he was also transferred to the appeasement department of Chengdu Prefecture as an official.
11In the summer of' 73, he served as the judge (deputy state official) of Zhou Shu (Sichuan and Chongqing). Soon, he was transferred to the History Department (Leshan, Sichuan) and returned to Zhou Shu at the end of the year. There is no way to serve the country and love the people. Finally, in 1 174 10, Lu You was transferred to Rongzhou (Rongxian County, Sichuan Province) to take charge of state affairs. Although Lu You has been in Zhou Shucai for more than a year, he has deep feelings for Zhou Shu. Even when he returned to his hometown in Yin Shan, Zhejiang Province in his later years, he wrote many poems in memory of Zhou Shu. Zhou Shuren people also miss the poet who set the poet free. When the poet grew up, he built a temple next to the People's Flower Pool for him and Zhao Tuan (a court official in the Song Dynasty who used to be an official), named Zhao Temple, and later renamed it "Erxian Temple". Now, "Erxian Temple" has been transformed into "Luyou Memorial Hall".
During the past 30 years (from 33 to 65 years old), because Lu You always adhered to the idea of resisting gold, he was incompatible with power, and was immediately dismissed after being used repeatedly, and suffered many merciless blows and crowding out in his official career. Lu You's career was ups and downs, and he was invited by Wang Yan, the propaganda envoy of Sichuan and Shaanxi, to serve in his shogunate, which was the most exciting period in his life. Not far from the boundary between Song and Jin Dynasties, the mountains and rivers are magnificent and the weather is magnificent. Military life also broadened his horizons and made him write many passionate poems. Nearly ten years later, Lu You's life cannot be separated from Sichuan. During his stay in Sichuan, his poetry creation was the most active period. In order to commemorate this period of life, he named his poem "The Draft of Jian Nan Poetry".
In the second year of Xichun (A.D. 1 175), Fan Chengda was transferred to Sichuan, and Lu You was invited as a Senate officer. Because they are friends of poetry, they are not polite to each other, and because Lu Youxi likes to drink and sell his worries, it has aroused the dissatisfaction and slander of his colleagues. The court then dismissed him from his official position on the grounds of "letting go by drinking", so he simply called himself "letting go". Although he was dismissed from his post in real life, the poet's name "Fang Weng" is well known.
He left Sichuan and Shaanxi at the age of 54. In the past ten years, Lu You's career has experienced ups and downs. At the age of 65, he was appointed as a historian for the last time. However, because he refused to accept the salary, he wrote to the emperor many times, complaining about the current situation and angering the authorities. He was dismissed again on charges of "singing folk songs and worshiping Yue Bai". This is because he has always insisted on resisting gold and wrote these thoughts into his own poems, which is caused by the jealousy of the Lord and the faction. ) Back in Yin Shan, Lu You simply took the word "romantic" as Xiao Xuan's name. About 20 years from his retirement to his death, most of his time was spent in the countryside, and Weng Fang actually participated in farming, so he had a profound understanding of rural life.
During his twenty years at home, he wrote nearly 7,000 poems, most of which were chapters describing rural scenery and reflecting farmers' lives. Ning Zongjia settled down for two years, and the poet finally ended up with unfinished ambition to return to the Central Plains. Before he died, he didn't forget to expel the Jin people and recover the Central Plains, and showed his son a poem, which was his last words to his son and also the epitome of the poet's ambition, personality and strong patriotic passion. "Lonely loyalty is tragic, you can cry." "Dead yuan knows everything is empty, but I am sad to see Kyushu. Julian Waghann set the Central Plains Day in the north, and the family sacrifice did not forget to tell Nai Weng. "
Zhu Ziqing quoted Weng's poem "Drunk to White Cliff" in the article "Spring", and copied it as follows:
Everything is empty, and this year's binge drinking makes it stagger. Calling fast horses to welcome the new moon, but riding lightly to prevent the night breeze.
Eight thousand is a frequent visitor on the road, and fifty doesn't know her husband. The absence of chaotic mountains is like a horizontal line, shaking your fingers in the green haze of the lonely city.
For more than 800 years, Zhou Shuren people have missed this great patriotic poet, and people have helped the old and brought the young. I have come a long way to pay my respects to Lu You. Huachi is the place where Lu You lived. The trees and flowers in the waterside pavilion here are all engraved with the poems of the great poet Lu You who cares about the country and the people.