On a spring night, I heard the flute in Los Angeles (Li Bai).
Yu Di's dark flying sound scattered into the spring breeze in Los Angeles.
In this serenade, I heard the breaking sound of willow trees. No one can miss home!
When commenting on this poem, predecessors once said that the word "folding willow" is the key to the whole poem. What is the moral of "breaking willow" in the poem? Do you agree with the key theory? Why?
A: The song "Folding Willow" means to bid farewell to the future. This poem expresses homesickness, and this homesickness is produced by hearing the flute sound of "folding willow", which shows that "folding willow" is the key to the whole poem.
2. Read the following Tang poem and then answer this question. (National Volume, 2003)
Wangji Temple (Wang Wei)
I don't know where Ji Xiang Temple is, so I climbed several miles into the clouds and peaks. Ancient trees are towering, but there are no pedestrian paths, and there are bells in the mountains in the temple.
The spring water in the mountains hits the dangerous rocks, and the sun in the pine forest is cold. In the evening, come to the empty pool and meditate quietly to suppress the dragon.
Note that meditation, in Buddhist language, refers to meditation with eyes closed. Not distracted; Dragon refers to secular desire.
The ancient people often used the word "poetic eye" when commenting on poetry. The so-called "poetic eye" often refers to the most concise and vivid word in a poem. What do you think is the "poetic eye" in the third sentence of this poem? Why? Please enjoy the whole poem briefly.
A: "Poetic eyes" are "pharynx" and "cold" respectively. The spring water flowing in the mountains, blocked by rocks, is like sobbing. The color of the sun shining on the pine tree looks cold because of the darkness of the mountain. The words "Yan" and "Cold" vividly, concisely and vividly show the quiet and lonely scene (artistic conception) in the mountains.
Read the following poem and then answer this question. (National Volume, 2004)
Qiu Si (Zhang Ji)
The annual autumn wind blows to Luoyang city, and my wandering son doesn't know how his relatives in his hometown are; Writing a letter to peace has too much to say and I don't know where to start.
When the letter is written, I am worried that I have not finished what I want to say; When the messenger started, he opened the envelope and gave it to him.
Wang Anshi commented on the style of Zhang Ji's poems: "It seems to be the most extraordinary, easy and difficult to achieve." What "ordinary" life details did Zhang Ji write in this poem? What kind of feelings did he express?
In the poem, the author wrote such a detail: when the letter from home was about to be sent, he felt that he had something to say and opened it again. The author stayed in Luoyang to watch the autumn wind, which made him miss his relatives in his hometown infinitely, so he opened the envelope and wrote it again.
4. Read the following words and then answer the questions. (Zhejiang Volume, 2004)
Bodhisattva Man (Li Bai)
The flat forest is misty, and the cold mountain area is compassionate. When the color enters a tall building, someone upstairs is sad.
The jade steps stand empty, and the birds fly quickly. Where is the return trip? The long pavilion is shorter.
(1) Classical poetry pays special attention to the refinement of words. Please briefly analyze the role of the word "empty" in expression.
(2) Regarding the content expressed in this poem, some people think that it is "wandering home", some people think that it is "thinking about women and people", and some people think that it is both. What's your opinion? Please briefly explain the reasons.
The answer (1) the word "empty" expresses the loneliness and melancholy of waiting for no results, adding the "sorrow" flavor of the whole word and making the theme more vivid.
(2) The wanderer is homesick: one or two sentences are what the wanderer sees in front of him; Three to six sentences are about a wanderer touching the scene and imagining that his family is expecting his return; In the last two sentences, the wanderer lamented that the journey was far away and it was too late to go home, which added more sorrow.
Thinking of women and people: the first part is about thinking of women and seeing the sad night scene; Write five or six sentences, thinking of women standing on the jade steps, seeing birds returning, pregnant with wanderers; In the last two sentences, I think it is difficult for tourists to return to their hometown and lament that they will never meet again.
Both: the whole word expresses the feelings of "one kind of lovesickness, two places of leisure sorrow" by expressing each other's homesickness and homesickness.
5. Read Su Shi's poetics and answer questions. (Beijing Volume, 2004)
Lin Bu's poem "Plum Blossom" says that "the shadows are shallow and the moonlight is fragrant", which is by no means a peach and plum poem.
Pi Rixiu's poem "Bai Lianhua" says that "no one can see the heartless resentment, when the moonlight blows", which is by no means a red-violet poem. This is the power of writing.
If Shi's poem "Hongmei" says that "peaches have no green leaves and apricots have green branches", that is the most vulgar language in this village study.
Tell the reasons why Su Shi praised the poem Plum Blossom and White Lotus and criticized Shi's poem Hongmei, and make a concrete analysis.
The answer. The first question is two main points. The reason for praise is that writing plum blossom and white lotus poems can be similar in spirit, expressing charm, spiritual character and internal characteristics; The reason for criticism is that Shi's poem "Red Plum" does not capture the personality characteristics of plum blossom, but only describes its shape.
The second question is three main points. (1) "The thin shadow is shallow, and the fragrance floats at dusk", which writes the beauty and elegance of plum blossoms;
(2) "Who hates mercilessly, when the wind is about to fall, Xiao Yue", wrote Bai Lianhua's simplicity and elegance;
(3) "Peach has no green leaves, apricot has green branches", which only grasps the characteristics of red plum from the appearance of "green leaves" and "green branches", but fails to see the spiritual character of red plum.
6. Read the following frontier poems in Tang Dynasty, and then answer this question. (Jiangsu Volume, 2004)
Complaining about others (Liu)
Every year, after the defenders defend Huang Jinhe, hand knives waving whips keep ringing day and night.
In the late spring when it snows heavily, the Great Wall, a journey across the Yellow River and around Montenegro.
Why do you say this is a frontier poem? Explain in detail in poetry.
(2) The title of the poem is Complaining about Others. Although there is no word "resentment" throughout, every sentence has "resentment". Please give a brief evaluation.
A: ① There are frontier fortress names such as Jinhe, Guan Yu, Qingtong, Yellow River and Montenegro in the poem, which describe the attractive frontier fortress life.
(2) complaining about frequent mobilization year after year, complaining about training and preparing for war all the time, complaining about the cold climate and monotonous scenery.
7. Read the following Tang poem and then answer this question. (Guangdong Volume, 2004)
Jianghan (Du Fu)
Jianghan thinks of returning to the guest and rushing to a corrupt scholar. The sky is far away, and the moon is always lonely.
Sunset disturbs the heart, and autumn wind disease. Since ancient times, the old horse has not spent its physical strength because of its wisdom. Therefore, although I am old and sicker, I can still do it.
(l) This is a poem written by Du Fu when he stayed in Jianghan in his later years. In the poem, couplets use several images, such as "a cloud", "a lonely moon", "sunset" and "autumn wind". Please analyze the artistic conception of their scenes blending.
(2) Some people think that this poem is permeated with the poet's spirit of self-improvement, while others think that this poem expresses the poet's resentment. What do you agree with? Please provide a justification for the answer. You can also express your views.
The answer, (1) "A Cloud" and "Lonely Moon" are bleak, revealing the author's loneliness and boredom; The artistic conception of Sunset and Autumn Wind is magnificent and open, which also reflects the author's optimism and open-mindedness.
(2) open the topic and make sense. Those who answer "self-improvement" should contact "the setting sun is still strong" and those who answer "resentment" should contact "don't go far".
8. Read the following Tang poem and then answer this question. (National Volume 1, 2005)
Improvisation in spring (Li Hua)
At the gate of Yiyang, the grass grows and the warbler flies, and the water flows from east to west.
Fragrant trees have no flowers, and birds are singing all the way to the spring mountain.
(1) What rhetorical devices are used in three or four sentences of this poem? Please specify.
When it comes to poetry creation, the ancients once said, "Poetry is not only sentimental, but also beautiful." Please appreciate this poem from the perspectives of "scenery" and "emotion".
Answer, (1) Rhetoric: duality. "Fragrant tree" is against "spring mountain", "flower" is against "bird" and "falling" is against "empty crying".
(2) This poem describes what the author saw and heard during his "spring outing". There are grass and water, trees and mountains, flowers and birds, which can be described as a scene, and each painting has its own characteristics. However, poetry is not purely about scenery, but full of feelings and scenes. The scenery of "falling flowers" and "singing birds" in the poem shows the quietness in the mountains and reveals a trace of sadness.
9. Read the following Tang poem and then answer this question. (National Volume II in 2005)
Handan is homesick from winter to day and night (Bai Juyi)
Every winter solstice, I am accompanied by the shadow in front of the knee lamp.
If you want to sit at home late at night, you should also talk about travelers.
Pay attention to the winter solstice: one of the 24 solar terms, which is an important festival in the Tang Dynasty.
(1) Briefly analyze the sentence "I am accompanied by a shadow in front of a knee lamp" and tell what the author was feeling at that time.
(2) How did the author write Homesickness? What are the characteristics of language?
The answer, (1) and "Tucker" vividly outline the author's silent sitting posture. The word "in front of the lamp" naturally leads to "shadow", and the word "companion" connects "shadow" and "body". Shadow and Tucker sit together inseparable. This fully reflects the loneliness of the author when he is homesick.
(2) (1) The author mainly expresses his homesickness through an imaginary picture, that is, in the middle of the winter solstice, his family is still sitting in front of the lamp and talking about themselves as a traveler. (Imagination 1, picture description 2) ② The language of poetry is unpretentious. (popular) (correct meaning)
10, read the following poem and then answer this question. (National Volume III in 2005)
On the swimming pool after the rain (Liu Ban)
After a heavy rain, the pond was full of water and very calm, as if immersed in a gently polished mirror, reflecting the reflection of the house on the shore.
Suddenly there was an east wind, and the drooping willow branches danced gracefully, and the water drops on the willow branches swept through the middle of the lotus leaves, making a constant noise.
(1) Briefly analyze how this poem shows the calm of the pool after the rain.
(2) Try to appreciate this poem from the perspectives of "static" and "dynamic".
Answer: (1) The water surface is like a gently polished mirror, reflecting the eaves and purlin columns beside the pond to show the calm of the pond water surface after the rain.
(2) The first and second sentences use words such as "water level", "mirror" and "jacaranda" to describe the beautiful and charming static state of the lotus pond after the rain. Three or four sentences show the dynamic beauty of the pool water after rain by the sound of raindrops such as "sudden rise", "weeping Yang dance" and "ten thousand points" blown into lotus leaves by the wind on weeping Yang leaves. Poetry not only writes static, but also writes dynamic, with static showing dynamic, with dynamic lining static, and the combination of dynamic and static forms a pond spring scene after rain.
The wind blows, hiding in the lotus leaf, seemingly "worried about heat", but actually shy, showing the author's love and joy, lively and interesting tone.
1 1. Read the following poem and then answer this question. (National Volume 1, 2006)
Cattle herding with bamboo and stone (Huang Tingjian)
Zi Zhan painted strange rocks with bamboo, and when Bo Shi (1) increased the front slope for the shepherd boy to ride cattle, which was very meaningful and witty.
The wild age is small and majestic, and the secluded lean on the green.
Poke three feet with a pestle (3) and resist the old baby.
Wu Shi likes it very much, so don't send cows to grind their horns!
This year is a good year to sharpen your horns, but a bull is against my bamboo.
Note 1: Zi Li, a famous painter in Song Dynasty. (2) the wild age: the country. ③ Ba: Whip
This poem can be divided into several levels. What did they write respectively?
(2) What do you think is the significance of this picture "Cattle-herding with Bamboo and Stone" in the author's mind? Some people think that the author is "thicker than bamboo and thinner than stone" in his poems. What do you think of this? Please explain.
The answer (1) is divided into two levels. The first four sentences are the first level, and the four images of stone, bamboo, shepherd boy and old cow are written respectively to form a complete picture; The last four sentences are the second level, the writer's feelings about the content in the painting.
(2) Natural and quiet rural life. On the surface, the author seems to be "coarse" bamboo and "fine" stone, but in fact, the author loves stone and bamboo equally; Because in the author's mind, both bamboo and stone represent an idyllic life, and the author doesn't want to see either a horn grindstone or a bucket of bamboo. If the answer is "The author thinks that the implication of bamboo stone is a kind of tough character and noble moral integrity, and the author's love for bamboo stone shows that he cherishes moral integrity", it is also acceptable.
12, read the following Song Ci, and then answer this question. (National Volume II in 2006)
Nankezi (Rebecca)
The mountains are dark and the weather is cold and rainy. Several branches were bright and wet, and they were red with tears. Don't feel sorry for the east wind.
The hat faces outwards and ditches are everywhere. Hard work is a problem concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers. Get a plow and look forward to a good year.
Note ① Agriculture, countryside and farmers: refers to spring ploughing, summer sowing and autumn harvest.
(1) What kind of picture does the phrase "A few beautiful branches are wet and cry red" in uptown show? Did the author write this sentence to mourn the spring? Why?
(2) Try to analyze Tan's content and the thoughts and feelings expressed by the author in his poems.
The answer (1) is a few pictures of flowers with water drops on their petals.
It's not for Xi Chun. It can be seen from two aspects: one author followed the sentence of "counting branches" and said, "Don't be sad about the flowers"; Second, when dark clouds are gathering and cold rain is coming, the author is more concerned about "getting enough water and looking forward to a bumper harvest year."
(2) Described the hard-working life of farmers, issued a sigh that "hard work on earth is three rural issues", and expressed farmers' expectation for good weather and abundant crops.
13. Look at Yuanqu and answer this question. (Zhejiang Volume, 2006)
Official orders (anonymous)
When the boat crosses the stream path, the water in front of it is as clear as jade. Castle peak blocks the red dust road and white clouds are everywhere.
They say I can't find my brother with you, but I can't find my brother. I used to live in Parrot Island.
Note ① Agriculture: I ② Nautilus Island: This is synonymous with "Fisherman's Residence".
(1) The first four sentences of this song outline a beautiful natural scene with rich images, in which the images reflect the characteristics of tenderness and femininity, while the images give people a feeling of elegance and distance.
(2) Please use the whole song to briefly analyze the thoughts and feelings contained in "Parrot Island of Bird Garden Farmers". (4 points)
The answer is, (1) flowing water and white clouds.
(2)① It is pointed out that the environment in which the fisherman (hermit) lives is a "paradise" isolated from the world and far away from the world of mortals, which shows his love and pride in his environment; (2) write the fisherman (hermit) detached feelings and secluded interest.
Please read the following words and then answer the questions. (Jiangsu Volume, 2006)
Quail day
The housekeeper came down and sent it.
(Wei Yuan Chu)
Last year, I came home today, and this year I face the other side of the world. There is nothing to worry about in spring, and the autumn frost on the temples is fine and gorgeous.
When the mountain meets the water, the water is bright. The forest is full of residual photos. When will the countryside be cleaned up and the children's group stay up all night for tea?
Note: ① A wife's birthday is her birthday.
How do the first two sentences of the word (1) express the author's thoughts and feelings? The word "you" in the second sentence is well used. What's so good about it?
(2) What are the characteristics of the expression skills of the sentence "The forest remains visible, but it belongs to the crow"? Please analyze it a little.
(3) Some people think that the last two sentences of the word are extremely touching. Please talk about your opinion.
The answer, (1), expresses the author's deep yearning for his relatives in his hometown during his wandering. The word "you" implies that the author has traveled around the world more than once, full of sadness and helplessness.
(2) The contrast between the crows returning home and those who can't return home here is the contrast technique.
The first two sentences are actually written, and the last two sentences are mainly empty, empty and real.
(3) The author hopes to earn his own living with his family and enjoy family happiness. The language is simple and plain, kind and touching, which can arouse readers' strong singing.
15. Read the following poem and answer this question. (Shandong Volume, 2006)
Xiaoxia ① (King) ②
Hunting the south wind blowing the postal kiosk, pulling the rope to cross the sky.
Accustomed to worrying about Feng Shui, Lei of Waterfall Beach just lies and listens.
Note ① Kongling Gorge: located in the southeast of the Yangtze River in Yichang City, Hubei Province. ② Wang (1832 19 16), a famous poet in modern times. In his early years, he had great ambition to be the first in the world, but he was repeatedly accused, so he refused to embark on his official career and returned to China as a disciple.
(1) What kind of scenes are described in the first two sentences of this poem?
(2) Di Baoxian's "Poetry of Equality Pavilion" thinks that this poem is "only twenty-eight, and its lofty sentiments are beyond words". Please combine the emotional content expressed in this poem and talk about your understanding.
A: (1) At dawn, hunting the south wind and blowing the river whistle. The poet took a boat and went upstream under the traction of the tracker, and came to Kong Ling Canyon.
⑵ The first two sentences of this poem describe the difficulty of hunting the wind at dawn and sailing against the current, paving the way for lyricism. The third sentence ostensibly means that poets are used to running around all the year round, and I don't know why they are worried about the wind and waves. In fact, the word "puzzled" here means "unconscious", showing a calm and confident attitude after vicissitudes. The typical scene of "lying and listening" and "thundering on the waterfall beach" in the fourth sentence fully shows the poet's arrogant attitude of not being afraid of all dangers.
16. Read the following Tang poem and answer the questions as required. (Fujian Volume, 2006)
Outcome (1) (Li Shangyin)
In the distance, books are dreams, and only empty beds are enemies. Under the steps of moss mangroves, the moon is sad in the rain.
Note ① End residence: Idle residence. ② Pingqiu: synonymous with autumn.
(1) Can the word "enemy" in the second sentence of this poem be replaced by "right" or other words? Please briefly explain the reasons.
(2) What are the artistic features of the three or four sentences in this poem? Please analyze it briefly.
A, (1) cannot be replaced by "right" or other words. The use of the word "enemy" not only highlights the lonely and cold atmosphere of "empty bed" and "Su Qiu", but also shows that people who sleep alone in an empty bed can't stand the desolate situation of "Su Qiu" and expresses the unspeakable sadness in the poet's heart. This effect is difficult to express quickly with "right" or other words.
⑵ In terms of artistic techniques, the biggest feature of the third and fourth sentences is to express emotion by borrowing scenery. With the help of the descriptions of moss, rainbow trees, rainy scenes and the moon, the poet endowed the objective scenery with a strong main color, created a cold atmosphere, and expressed his sadness, loneliness and homesickness. Answering from other angles (such as intertextuality) can also make sense.