A song of snow sent Tian Shuji Wu home.
The farewell poem "A Song of Farewell to the Home of Tian Li Wu" written by the poet of the Tang Dynasty in Luntai in 754 AD (the 13th year of Tianbao) is magnificent, romantic and magnificent, and can be called the masterpiece of frontier poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. This poem expresses the feeling of seeing the Great Wall off halfway, but it is not sad, but full of whimsy. Romantic ideals and strong feelings make people feel that the snowstorm outside the Great Wall has become an object worthy of pondering and appreciation. The whole poem is rich in connotation, distinctive and unique in artistic conception, and has a strong artistic appeal. Poems such as "If the spring breeze comes, ten thousand pears bloom at night" are famous throughout the ages.
A piece of snow leaves the field-Wen Wu goes home (1)
Tang Censhen
The north wind rolled up the white grass and broke them (2), and the snow in August crossed the Tatar sky (3).
Just like the strong wind in spring, it blows at night and blows open the petals of ten thousand pear trees.
It got into the pearl shutters and wet the silk curtains. The fur coat felt cold and the cotton pad was thin.
The bow becomes stiff, and it is almost impossible to pull out (7), so it is difficult to protect the iron suit (8).
Sand is deepened by unfathomable ice, and darkness hangs over endless clouds.
But we drank to the guest who came home from the camp (1 1) and played the barbarian lute, guitar and harp for him (12).
Until dusk, the snow collapsed our tent (13), and our frozen red flag could not fly in the wind (14).
We watched him walk eastward through the tower gate (15) and enter the snowdrift on Tianding Road (16).
I haven't seen you in the winding mountain road, leaving only a row of horseshoe prints.
Annotation translation:
Judge Wu: The name is unknown. Judge, official name. Envoys sent by the imperial court, such as our envoys in the Tang Dynasty, can appoint aides to assist in the trial of official duties. They are called judges and are subordinates of our envoys and observation envoys.
(2) White grass: a forage grass in the northwest, which turns white after drying.
⑶ Lake sky: refers to the sky in the northern part of Saibei.
(4) Pear blossoms: The flowers in spring are white, which means that snowflakes pile up on the branches like pear blossoms.
5] bead curtain: a hanging curtain made of beads. Luomu: A curtain made of silk. Snowflakes flew into the bead curtain and wet the curtain. "Pearl curtain" and "Luo curtain" belong to beautification.
[6] Fox fur: a kind of fox fur. Brocade: A quilt made of brocade. Brocade is thin: Silk quilt is thin (because of cold). Describe the cold weather.
(7) Horn bow: A hard bow decorated with animal horns. Uncontrollable: it's too cold to pull the bow. Control: pull open.
⑻ Duhu: The chief officer guarding the border town is a general term, which is intertextual with the aforementioned "general". Iron clothes: armor. "Difficult" means "alive".
(9) The vast sea: desert. The desert is full of thick ice. Dry: criss-crossing. "Hundred feet" is a "hundred feet".
⑽ Dull: Dull.
⑾ Zhong Jun: In ancient times, it was divided into the central, left and right armed forces, and Zhong Jun was the commander-in-chief's camp. Drinking back to the guest: the person who returns to the banquet refers to Judge Wu. Drink, verb, feast.
⑿ And play the barbarian pipa, guitar and harp for him: Hu Qin and others were all musical instruments of brothers in the Western Regions at that time. Play music while drinking. Qiangdi: the wind instrument of Qiang nationality.
[13] Yuanmen: the gate of the military camp. Ancient people marched and camped, and sanitation was provided by vehicles. At the entrance and exit, the shafts of two vehicles stand opposite each other as the gate of the camp, so it is called Yuanmen.
【 14 】 Wind switch (chè): The red flag is frozen due to snow, so the wind cannot blow. Switch: pull, pull. Freezing: the flag is blown in one direction by the wind, giving people a feeling of freezing.
⒂ Luntai: Luntai in Tang Dynasty was located in Miquan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, which was not the same place as Luntai in Han Dynasty.
[14] Full: Full. Adjectives are used flexibly as verbs.
This article is excerpted from Notes on Cen Can Collection, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, version 198 1. In the 13th year of Tianbao, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (754), he was appointed as a judge of Anxi North Court, and the military mansion was located in Luntai, Xinjiang, where this poem was written.
Translation:
The north wind swept across the earth, white grass was blown off, and heavy snow floated in the sky in northern Saibei in August.
Suddenly, the spring breeze seems to blow overnight, and thousands of white pears are in full bloom.
Snowflakes floated into the bead curtain and wet the curtain. I didn't feel warm when I put on fox skin, and the quilt made of brocade felt thin.
Even the general and Du Hu couldn't pull out the bow, and they all felt that the iron clothes were too cold to put on.
In the desert, hundreds of thick ice criss-cross, gloomy clouds in the Wan Li sky.
In the camp where the military commander lived, a banquet was arranged to bid farewell to the returning guests, and warm and cheerful music was played for him on the pipa, guitar and harp of barbarians.
In the evening, outside Yuanmen, there was heavy snow, and the red flag was frozen stiff with ice and snow, and the strong north wind could not blow it.
See you off outside the east gate of the wheel platform. When you left, snow covered the roads in Tianshan Mountain.
The mountains are winding and the roads are winding, so I can't see you, leaving only the footprints of horses in the snow.
Appreciation of works:
Bai Xuege, a masterpiece of frontier poems, was written in his second frontier stage. At this time, he was highly valued by Feng Changqing, the envoy of Anxi, and most of his frontier poems were written in this period. In this poem, with the poet's keen observation and romantic style, Cen Can depicts the magnificent scenery of the frontier fortress in the northwest of the motherland and the warm scene of envoys leaving Beijing in the frontier fortress barracks, showing the patriotic enthusiasm and sincere feelings of the poet and the border guards for their comrades.
The title of this poem is "Send Judge Wu to Beijing", but this poem expresses not only the friendship with his friend Judge Wu. He described the generous and warm scene in which the envoys collectively bid farewell to Beijing. "Zhong Jun buys wine", not Cen Can buys wine, but coach Zhong Jun buys wine; The sound of drums and music is not only a farewell party between Judge Cen and Judge Wu, but also a grand banquet held by frontier soldiers for the envoys returning to Beijing. Therefore, if friendship is expressed, it should be said that this poem mainly shows the friendship of frontier fortress soldiers to a comrade-in-arms who shares joys and sorrows with Gansu. From one aspect, it reflects the spirit of unity and high morale of frontier fortress soldiers. A Song of Snow White Farewell to Tian Shuji Wu's Homecoming lost the homesickness of the poet when he first arrived at the frontier fortress. It unifies the homesickness for the motherland with the spirit of defending the country and having fun in hardships, so its tone is positive and optimistic.
The whole poem takes the change of snow scene in one day as a clue, and describes the process of bidding farewell to envoys in Beijing. It has an open mind and a good structure. * * * is divided into three parts.
The first eight sentences are the first part, describing the wonderful snow scene you saw when you got up in the morning and the sudden cold you felt.
Friends are about to embark on the road back to Beijing, and poets and soldiers are naturally particularly concerned about the weather. Last night, the north wind roared and the weather suddenly turned cold. I got up in the morning and found that it began to snow during the Mid-Autumn Festival. But at the beginning of the accumulation, the snow was not thick, and the hay broken by the wind was not covered with snow. Although snow will bring trouble to the returning guests, in the eyes of these soldiers who have withstood the test of snow and wind, this snow is nothing. All they are filled with is the joy of their friends coming home. As a result, the snow hanging on the branches turned into pear flowers in the poet's eyes, just like the sudden arrival of beautiful spring. The first four sentences mainly write about the beauty of the scenery.
Words such as "namely" and "suddenly like" vividly and accurately show the surprised expression when suddenly seeing the snow scene in the morning. After a night, the earth was wrapped in white and completely new. The snow scene at this time is particularly charming.
Then write four sentences about the cold after snow. The poet's line of sight gradually shifted from narrative to narrative. The wind has stopped, and the snow is not heavy. The flying snowflakes seem to be fluttering leisurely, entering the bead curtain and wetting the military account. The poet seems to realize that it is no wonder that it was so cold last night in fox skin. The soldiers who got up with armor and bows seemed to shout, "It's so cold!" Poets choose daily activities such as living, sleeping, dressing and bowing to express cold, just as it is appropriate to choose to watch snow in the morning to express strangeness. After reading these, readers seem to feel chilly, as if they were there. Although it was cold, the soldiers had no complaints. And "uncontrollable", no matter how cold the weather is, they have not forgotten to train, and they are still training with bows; "It's hard to be cold" means that they are fully armed and ready to fight at any time, even if the real armor is biting cold. What is written on the surface here is cold, which is actually used to foil the soldiers' inner heat, and more profoundly shows the soldiers' optimistic fighting mood.
The four sentences in the middle are the second part, which depicts the grandeur of the snow scene during the day and the grand occasion of the farewell party.
"The sand sea deepens the ice depth, the clouds are bleak, and Wan Li condenses". The poet tries to describe the overall image of heaven and earth in the snow with romantic exaggeration, which is vast and majestic. The poet wrote this just to compare the following happy scenes and write people's optimism. The hardship of living environment can better explain the positive significance of military singing and dancing. This is a common technique in artistic creation. The first part uses "cold" to write "hot"; This part uses "sadness" to write "happiness", and the expression is the same.
"But we drank to the guest who came home from the camp and played savage flute, guitar and harp for him." In a few words, we expressed a warm and grand farewell. In the commander-in-chief of China's army, a banquet was held, and all kinds of musical instruments were brought with all their money, singing and dancing, and drinking to the fullest. The banquet lasted until dusk. The first part of the inner enthusiasm, generated here, reached the climax of joy.
The last six sentences are the third part. They say goodbye to friends at night and set foot on the road home.
"Until dusk, when the snow collapses our tent, our frozen red flag can't fly in the wind", and the returning guests walked out of the tent against the snowflakes in the dusk. The bright flag that is usually frozen in the air is very beautiful in the snow. The indomitable image of this flag in the cold wind is a symbol of soldiers. These two sentences, one moving and one static, one white and one red, set each other off and become interesting, with vivid pictures and bright colors.
"I watched him cross the gate of the wheel tower and head east into the snow drift on Tianfeng Road." The snow was getting heavier and heavier, and the people who saw him off refused to go back. "Then he disappeared at the corner of the pass, leaving only hoofprint" expressed the soldiers' sincere feelings for their comrades in a very plain and simple language, with vivid, implicit and meaningful words. Although this part describes the deep feelings of saying goodbye to friends, it also shows the heroism of frontier soldiers.
The three parts of the full text constitute an organic whole, just like a frontier fortress Songzhuang, reflecting the spiritual outlook of the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
In art, this poem gives people a wonderful and novel taste. The reason why this artistic effect can be achieved is that the poet has the foundation of long-term frontier life, can accurately grasp the characteristics of frontier scenery and write its wonders; At the same time, because the poet is imaginative, he is good at expressing subjective experience and association in romantic ways, rather than staying in the description of objective things. Secondly, its scenery and lyricism are extremely changeable. Poets are good at using different techniques to write landscapes and express their feelings from different angles. Sometimes it is real writing, and sometimes it is imaginary writing. Sometimes it's luxurious, sometimes it's exquisite. First, write the snow scene in the early morning by metaphor; Then use contrast and exaggeration to write ice and snow; Then use contrast and contrast to write sunset clouds and snow. From trees in the snow, people in the snow, heaven and earth in the snow, to military camps in the snow, red flags in the snow and Tianshan Mountains in the snow. From far and near, from near and far; From outside to inside, from inside to outside; From the ground to the air and from the air to the ground. Three-dimensional reproduction of the beautiful image of nature and the poet's rich feelings.
Cen Can (7 15-770) was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. Jingzhou Jiangling (now Jiangling, Hubei) people. Born in a bureaucratic family, my great-grandfather, great-uncle and uncle are all officials of the prime minister. My father was Secretary of State twice. But my father died young and my family fortune declined. I accepted my brother's books and read the history of classics since I was a child. At the age of twenty, I went to Chang 'an, but I couldn't get an official position. I went to Luo Jing, and I went to Heshuo in the north. At the age of 30, he was promoted to Jinshi, and Cao joined the army. During the Tianbao period (742-756), he was stuck on the frontier twice and stuck there for six years, which was quite ambitious. After the Anshi Rebellion, he returned to North Korea, and Du Fu and others recommended him to fill the vacancy and transfer to other posts, such as risking his life and forgetting his death. During the period of Dali (766-779), he was a historian with the name Cenjiazhou. After the break, the guests died in Chengdu Guest House. Cen Can's "Gao Shi" also said that both of them were representatives of frontier poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. His poems cover a wide range of topics, except for lamenting his life experiences and giving answers to friends. Before he went abroad, he wrote many landscape poems, which are quite similar to those of Xie Tiao and He Xun, but have the characteristics of novel artistic conception. There is a collection of cenjiazhou.