The article "Chewing on Words" is an essay by Mr. Zhu Guangqian, and it is also a short and pithy argumentative essay. He told people that no matter reading or writing, they should have the spirit of speaking like a book, work hard and strive for artistic perfection. The following is the "Senior Three Chinese Teaching Plan" which I compiled for you. You are welcome to read it, for your reference only, and I hope it will help you. Senior three Chinese teaching plan "Chewing on Words" (I)
Teaching purpose
First, on the basis of clarifying the meaning of the text, analyze and evaluate the article for reference and absorption.
Second, I deeply understand the author's opinion that "words are closely related to thoughts and feelings".
Third, cultivate students' habit of correctly understanding and using the language and characters of the motherland, and cultivate the spirit of "being cautious and unwilling to relax".
fourth, knowledge application ability training.
teaching hours: three classes
the first class
teaching points
in-depth understanding, analysis and brief evaluation of the meaning of the text
teaching steps
First, guiding people to a new lesson
When the word "chew on words" is mentioned, people often feel that it is a great irony for some people to deliberately entangle in certain words in order to show off their knowledge, and it is rare. Indeed, if you look up the dictionary, you will find that the three explanations in the dictionary are all derogatory. Today, when you read Mr. Zhu Guangqian's "Talking about Words", you will find that this idiom has been given a new meaning, which is of great guiding significance for us to develop good reading and writing habits.
Second, the author introduces
Zhu Guangqian (1897-1986), a modern aesthete and literary theorist, whose pen names are Meng Shi and Meng Shi, who was born in Tongcheng, Anhui. In his early years, he studied in Wuchang Normal School, University of Hong Kong, University of Edinburgh, University of London and University of Strasbourg, France, and obtained a doctorate. After returning to China, he served as Professor Peking University, President of China Aesthetics Society, Executive Director of China Foreign Literature Society, Member of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, and Honorary Professor of Hong Kong University. Representative works include: Psychology of Literature and Art, On Poetry, On Literature, History of Western Aesthetics, etc.
after the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zhu Guangqian mainly engaged in aesthetic research, trying to guide his academic research with Marxism and becoming a representative of an important school in aesthetics. In addition, he devoted himself to the translation of western aesthetic masterpieces and made fruitful efforts in criticizing and inheriting aesthetic heritage. His History of Western Aesthetics became the first book to systematically discuss the history of western aesthetics.
3. Perceive the content of the text and accumulate key words
Students browse the text and draw the following words:
1. Help examples 2. Be careful. 3. Think carefully. 4. Words
7. Implication. 8. Fu Zi 9. Letters 1. Chen Yanwu <
Fourth, read the full text and clear up the overall thinking
Students label the natural paragraphs and discuss them in groups.
teacher's clarification: the full text is ***8 paragraphs, which can be roughly divided into three parts.
The first part illustrates the close relationship between words and ideas with examples. * * * There are three examples, which are discussed from different angles.
in the second part, if you want to follow your emotions by using the language of positive and negative comparison, you must "do what you say". There are two examples in this paragraph, one is positive and the other is negative.
in the third part, on the basis of demonstrating the principle of "speaking like a book", it is pointed out that only by "constantly seeking the refinement and consistency of thoughts, feelings and language can the beauty of art be gradually achieved".
5. Study the works
1. Students read the first part of the text aloud.
Thinking: What is the relationship between the paragraphs in the first part of the text?
students discuss theory.
Teachers make it clear:
Part I: Use three examples to illustrate the close relationship between words and ideas from different angles.
The first paragraph, the first example, shows the difference between "you are here" and "you are". Students discuss, try to form some sentences, experience them one by one, and then look at the discussion in the text. ) The teacher made it clear: On the surface, the difference between the two sentences is only one word, but the expression effect is not the same, which initially shows that words are related to ideas. In addition, the article introduces the topic from an example, which makes the author's point of view more convincing.
Paragraph 2: Examples from Water Margin and A Dream of Red Mansions are cited to further scrutinize the sentence pattern of "Ni Zhe" (ask students to read the text aloud). The teacher makes it clear that this paragraph is ostensibly discriminating the difference between "this" and "yes", and
it is necessary to pave the way for the author's point of view in the next part.
step push.
In the third and fourth paragraphs, the real connotation of speaking like a book is discussed, and the Historical Records is taken as an example. It is pointed out that we should pay attention to the needs of thought and emotion.
the above three levels are progressive.
2. Students read the second part of the text.
thinking: what is the relationship between the second part of the text flute and the first part?
students discuss.
teachers are clear;
second: the part is based on the first part of the text.
paragraph 5? Take the example of "scrutiny" to demonstrate that "refining words" should pay attention to thoughts and feelings. And pointed out that "in the words, it is really" thinking "in the mind and emotion."
in the sixth paragraph, it is pointed out that the difficulty of "refining Chinese characters" lies in grasping the meaning of words, especially its associative meaning.
in the seventh paragraph, the misunderstanding of association is demonstrated from the opposite side. The so-called "set plate reaction".
if the first part is about the meaning of "speaking like a book" and why we should "speak like a book", then the second part mainly discusses the problems to be avoided in the process of "speaking like a book".
2. Students read the third part of the text.
thinking: what is emphasized in the third part (the eighth paragraph) of the text?
students discuss.
The teacher makes it clear that the third part of the text (the eighth paragraph) points out the highest goal of reading and writing-"to achieve the beauty of art", and further emphasizes the habit that should be cultivated in order to achieve this goal-"to strive for self-motivation, innovation, and constantly strive for the refinement and consistency of thoughts, feelings and language".
4. Students discuss:
What is the central point of this article?
A, we must "only do what we say"
B, we should weigh the words for the sake of being familiar with beautiful sentences
C, literature is a hard thing
D, and we must be cautious in reading or writing.
The teacher made it clear that the answer should be that D.C is not relevant to the topic, and item B is not to be elaborated in this paper.
VI. Analysis and evaluation of text viewpoints
1. How to evaluate the viewpoint that "speaking like a book on the surface is just to consider the weight of words, but in fact it is to adjust thoughts and emotions"?
students discuss.
The teacher makes it clear that the author repeatedly emphasizes the close relationship between words and thoughts and feelings in the article, which fundamentally grasps the essence of words. It is pointed out that the fundamental way to scrutinize words is to "scrutinize words in words, but in essence it is to' scrutinize' thoughts and feelings". That is to say, the real "chew on words" should start with thoughts and feelings, with the ultimate goal of expressing the most appropriate thoughts and feelings, and then further consider words, instead of blindly pursuing form and engaging in superficial articles, as Mr. Zhu Guangqian said: "Literature expresses thoughts and feelings through words; If the words are vague, it seems that the thoughts are not thorough and the emotions are not concise. "
VII. Assign homework
1. Read the text. . Experience it carefully; The creative proposition of purport.
2. Accumulate key words.
3. From the learned words, give one or two examples to illustrate that "thinking about words means thinking about feelings".
teaching points in the second class
learn from and absorb on the basis of in-depth understanding of the meaning of the text.
Teaching steps
First, review the knowledge learned in the last lesson.
second, check the completion of homework
give two examples to illustrate the "literal" scrutiny? The idea of "thinking and emotion in the bones"
(multimedia presentation)
Example 1: The moonlight is like running water, quietly pouring on this leaf and flower. A Flying Lotus Pond Moonlight
Among them, the word "Xie" not only describes the quiet and bright moonlight, but also cooperates with "flowing water" to enhance the sense of mobility. More importantly. It sets off the author's hope to get rid of his depressed thoughts and feelings through his own heart and soul.
Example 2: I didn't see her worrying about the future of her alma mater until the old school concept was restored. When the former staff thought that their responsibilities had been fulfilled and they were ready to retire one after another, I burst into tears. -
If the word "Cai" in this sentence is changed to words such as "Jiu" and "Ze", although the meaning is basically the same, it can't reflect Liu Hezhen's optimism and strength. In this article, Mr. Lu Xun shows sincere respect to the martyrs from beginning to end, and never forgets to accurately convey this kind of thoughts and feelings in words.
Third, discuss the ideas that can be used for reference in this paper, and do some exercises with practice.
students discuss.
The teacher makes it clear:
1. Through the study of this article, I will develop a cautious attitude of "never relaxing a word" when reading and writing in the future.
Mr. Zhu Guangqian demonstrated the significance of "speaking like a book" with a large number of facts in this paper, with the purpose of making people fully understand the close relationship between language and thoughts and feelings, so as to pay enough attention to "refining words" that can express ideas more accurately.
Mr. Zhu Guangqian once pointed out in his article "On Writing": "Can writing be practiced? People who are superstitious about genius
must rely on language rendering. Flaubert said to his student Mo Bosang,' No matter what you want to say, there is only one sentence that can really express it, and there is only one verb and adjective that can really be applied, that is, the most accurate sentence and the most accurate verb and adjective. Other similar ......
student discussion: What are your inspirations from the above two articles? As a middle school student, how to learn how to speak well?
2. Try to be innovative when using language.
Mr. Zhu Guangqian pointed out in his article: "Only do what you say.". This is the most important lesson. "When something happens, you should think deeply." You can't be lazy or careless. ""Literature is a hard thing. Only by hard work, innovation, and constant refinement and consistency of thoughts, feelings and language, will you gradually reach the perfection of art. "
Because there is a close relationship between language and thoughts and feelings, in order to pursue the innovation of language, we should first seek the innovation of ideas, but we should start from the depth, that is, we should grasp the characteristics of things and look at the essence through phenomena, so that the written words can be fresh, distinctive and not conventional.
Explore some old or stereotyped topics from a new angle, and see if you can come up with something new.
3. Learn from the author's spirit of diligent accumulation for writing good articles.
We can not only learn some knowledge from the famous works, but also get a lot of inspiration from the writing. After reading this article, while lamenting Mr. Zhu Guangqian's profound knowledge, we also have to think about a question, that is, where does the profound knowledge come from and how can we enrich ourselves gradually?
there is only one answer, and that is to make up for the shortcomings with diligence and persist in accumulation.
Students discuss: What are the ways to accumulate literary language?
Teacher's summary: There are ways to accumulate literary language, such as recording cards and abstracting.
Fourth, assign the homework "Talking about Words" (II)
Learning guidance objectives:
1. Learn the argumentation structure that this article is advancing step by step and deepening step by step.
2. Learn the inductive method, example method and other argumentation methods in this paper, and grasp the characteristics of vivid, vivid and simple discussion.
learning focus: how the author uses examples to make abstract truth vivid and simple, and it is full of cultural connotation.
learning difficulty: understanding the relationship between paragraphs 5 and 6 and the central argument.
Introduction: The topic of "talking like a book" is brought out by two antithetical examples, which are "father Jinshi, son Jinshi, father Jinshi, mother-in-law wife, daughter-in-law both" and "father Jinshi, son Jinshi, mother-in-law and daughter-in-law both".
Author introduction:
Zhu Guangqian (1897-1986), a modern aesthetician, literary theorist and translator. Pen names Meng Shi and Meng Shi are from Tongcheng, Anhui. He mainly engaged in aesthetic research, devoted himself to the translation of western aesthetic masterpieces, and made fruitful efforts in criticizing and inheriting the aesthetic heritage. His History of Western Aesthetics is China's first book that systematically discusses the history of western aesthetics. His aesthetic theory is a school of its own in China's contemporary aesthetic schools, which has a great influence. The main representative works are: Psychology of Literature and Art, Letters on Beauty, Twelve Letters to Youth, etc.
preview test
"chew on words" has the following meanings. Please choose the correct meaning of "chew on words" in each sentence:
a. Too much consideration of words (mostly refers to grasping words without understanding the spiritual essence).
B, describe showing off one's talents.
C, describe sophistry or sophistry.
1. To understand the essence of Marxism-Leninism, we must not blindly chew over words. ()
2. This gentleman has little knowledge in his stomach, but when he speaks in front of people, he often talks like a book and tries his best to impress others. ()
3. It is obvious that you are wrong in this matter, and it is useless for you to chew over words again. ()
overall perception
1. In the title, "speaking like a book" means
in the use of words, "there must be a word of caution", whether reading or writing. Chewing on words, on the surface, seems to be just considering the weight of words, but in fact it is to adjust thoughts and feelings. P93 Paragraph 3
2. In the last paragraph of the article, it is said that "the above are just a few examples to illustrate the truth of speaking like a book". What "examples" are cited in the article? What "truths" are explained?
Examples
Analysis
Reasons
Guo Moruo changed words
Different sentence patterns, different meanings
Words are closely related to thoughts and feelings
The rewriting of "Li Guang Shooting Tigers" in Historical Records
The words added or deleted have different meanings
Han Yu and Jia Dao "scrutinized" allusions
.